Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb thiab hom warehouses

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Txoj kev tsim khoom thiab kev lag luam tam sim no tsis tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj qhov chaw tseem ceeb xws li lub tsev khaws khoom. Hauv kev xa khoom, lub koom haum ntawm nws txoj haujlwm yog ib qho ntawm cov xwm txheej rau lub koom haum tsim nyog ntawm kev txav ntawm cov khoom muag, cov khoom lag luam los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom rau cov neeg siv khoom.

Hom tsev khaws khoom lag luam uas ua haujlwm hauv cov xwm txheej niaj hnub no tso cai rau thaj chaw zoo li no kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm ntau tus neeg koom nrog kev tsim khoom thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev lag luam. Nyob ntawm seb lub tsev khaws khoom li cas, nws ua tau qee yam haujlwm.

Txhawm rau kom muaj peev xwm npaj tau zoo ntawm kev txav ntawm cov khoom lag luam mus rau tus neeg yuav khoom, cov neeg xa khoom yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov chaw nthuav tawm. Lawv tsim ntau yam xwm txheej rau kev khaws cov khoom thiab cov khoom muag. Yog li ntawd, cov yam ntxwv ntawm txhua hom tsev khaws khoom yuav tsum nkag siab thiab coj mus rau hauv tus account hauv lawv txoj haujlwm los ntawm txhua tus neeg xa khoom.

Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb

Ua ntej txiav txim siab txog hom khoom lag luam tseem ceeb, koj yuav tsum nkag siab lub ntsiab lus ntawm chav tsev tsim qauv no. Cov chav cia ua haujlwm ntau. Lub tsev khaws khoom yog lub tsev, qhov chaw lossis cov txheej txheem uas siv los khaws ntau yam khoom muaj nqis. Hauv qhov chaw zoo li nosau ib qho nyiaj ntawm cov khoom muag, cov khoom tiav. Qhov no tso cai rau koj hloov pauv mus rau qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev thov hauv cov khoom lag luam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tuaj yeem ua rau synchronize qhov nrawm ntawm kev txav ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis hauv cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis ntawm cov tuam txhab thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev xa khoom thiab muag cov khoom tiav.

Txhua hom tsev khaws khoom tseem ceeb tsuas yog txwv rau qee thaj chaw, uas muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov koom haum cuam tshuam. Nyob hauv tsev, tsim nyog cia tej yam kev mob.

Ntxiv rau qhov khaws cia ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis, cov txheej txheem nthuav tawm tso cai ua cov khoom tau txais ntawm no txhawm rau tswj lawv qhov zoo. Warehouse neeg ua hauj lwm kho cov khoom xa tuaj los ntawm ntim, sijhawm thiab ntau yam.

qauv

Hom tsev khaws khoom, cov qauv ntawm thaj chaw thiab cov tsev yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv. Nws tuaj yeem suav nrog ntau lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Qhov no feem ntau suav nrog cov tsev cia khoom, nrog rau thaj chaw ib puag ncig.

Txhua lub tsev khaws khoom muaj kev xa khoom thiab thauj khoom. Cov no suav nrog cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, thaj chaw rau kev txais lossis xa cov khoom, ramps. Feem ntau ntawm cov chaw no muaj kev thauj mus los sab hauv. Pawg no suav nrog ntau yam khoom siv hauv tsev rau khoom, cov hom uas nyob ntawm nws cov yam ntxwv. Cov no tuaj yeem yog trolleys, loaders, escalators, elevator, thiab lwm yam.

Cov khoom tsim ntawm lub tsev khaws khoom kuj suav nrog thaj chaw rau kev ua cov khoom lag luam. Piv txwv li, cov no yog cov kab ntim khoom, cov kab ntim khoom, lub tshuab barcode, nrog rau kev txheeb xyuas thiab kev txiav txim. Txhawm rau khaws cov khoom lag luam, lub tsev khaws khoom yuav tsum siv cov racks, ntim khoom, cov khoom siv tub yees thiab lwm cov tshuab tshwj xeeb los tswj cov khoom lag luam kom zoo. Txhua lub tsev khaws khoom kuj muaj ib qho kev sau nyiaj txiag. Nws tuaj yeem ua computer lossis phau ntawv. Thawj qhov kev xaiv hauv cov xwm txheej niaj hnub no muaj ntau dua.

Txoj cai ntawm kev faib tawm

Cov chaw khaws khoom niaj hnub yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev xa khoom. Muaj ntau hom ntawm lawv. Hom tsev rau khoom muaj qhov txawv raws li cov yam ntxwv sib txawv.

Cov chaw khaws cia tuaj yeem muaj qhov loj me los ntawm cov chaw me me mus rau cov tsev loj. Raws li qhov siab ntawm stacking khoom, ib-zaj dab neeg thiab ntau-zaj dab neeg cov tsev yog qhov txawv, nyob rau hauv uas cov cuab yeej nqa tau lub load rau ntawm ib tug khib txog 24 m siab.

Los ntawm kev tsim, lub tsev khaws khoom tuaj yeem qhib, kaw ib nrab (tsuas muaj lub ru tsev) thiab kaw. Raws li kev cia khoom, muaj cov khoom zoo tib yam thiab tshwj xeeb uas tsim qee yam kev mob (humidity, kub, teeb pom kev zoo).

Kev siv tshuab ntawm cov nodes tuaj yeem sib txawv. Muaj cov warehouses uas tsuas yog siv cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm. Feem ntau, chav cia khoom yog ib feem lossis tag nrho cov tshuab.

Yog hais tias sib txawv ntawm kev sib txuas lus nyob rau hauv lub warehouse, cov khoom no hu ua chaw nres nkoj, rail, tob. Nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm qhov sib txawvCov khoom tshwj xeeb, sib xyaw thiab universal.

hom haujlwm

Txhua yam khoom ntawm hom sawv cev ua peb txoj haujlwm yooj yim. Hom kev ua haujlwm hauv lub tsev khaws khoom yog tsim los ua haujlwm rau cov khoom nkag, sab hauv thiab cov khoom tso tawm ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis. Thawj theem, cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov khoom siv thauj khoom thauj khoom, nrog rau ntsuas qhov zoo thiab qhov ntau ntawm cov khoom.

Internal flows tau txais kev pabcuam txhawm rau txhawm rau txav cov khoom hauv lub tsev rau khoom kom txaus. Cov khoom lag luam raug txheeb xyuas, ntim, khaws cia raws li qhov tsim nyog, thiab lwm yam.

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev khaws khoom nrog cov khoom tso tawm tau txo qis rau kev thauj khoom mus rau kev thauj mus los. Hauv qhov no, thaj chaw ntawm kev thauj khoom, kev lees txais, khaws cia, txheeb xyuas, xa mus, nrog rau cov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm pabcuam thiab kev tswj hwm raug faib.

Kev faib cov tsev khaws khoom hauv tebchaws Russia

Nyob hauv peb lub tebchaws, kev faib tshwj xeeb yog siv, uas tso cai rau peb faib cov khoom nthuav tawm rau hauv hom loj. Lub hom phiaj ntawm warehouses, lawv cov yam ntxwv tso cai rau peb kom paub qhov txawv ob peb lub ntsiab pawg.

Tam sim no, PMC system, uas tau tsim los ntawm lub koom haum ntawm cov tuam txhab hauv tsev, feem ntau siv. Txoj hauv kev no zoo ib yam li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev faib khoom lag luam thoob ntiaj teb. Txawm li cas los xij, RMS system coj mus rau hauv tus account, ntau dua, cov kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom thiab cov neeg xauj tsev rau hom khoom no. Qhov no coj mus rau hauv tus account lub ntsiab teeb meem uas ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov saib xyuas rau cov koom haum ntawm central cheeb tsam ntawm peb lub teb chaws.

Txhua yam khoom npaj rau kev khaws cov khoom raug faib ua 4 pawg. Lawv raug xaivnrog cov ntawv Latin. Thaum muab lub tsev rau khoom rau ib pawg lossis lwm qhov, nws tsim, qhov chaw, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub tsev yog muab rau hauv tus account. Nws txoj kev thauj mus los nrog rau lwm yam khoom tseem ceeb rau lub koom haum, thaj chaw logistics kuj raug soj ntsuam.

Qhov ntsuas ntawm thaj chaw, hom kev cia hauv lub tsev khaws khoom ntawm cov khoom, cov khoom sib txawv yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account. Thaum xaiv cov khoom ntawm cov khoom tsis yog tam sim no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los suav cov kev xav tau ntawm lub tuam txhab rau kev siv lub hauv paus rau kev khaws cov khoom muaj nqis.

Class A warehouse

Class A suav nrog cov tsev khaws khoom xws li cov chaw lag luam lossis lub koom haum kev lag luam uas tau tsim ua raws li cov cai niaj hnub thiab cov cai. Cov no yog cov tsev ib-zaj dab neeg uas muaj qhov siab tshaj 8 m.

Lub pem teb hauv chav yuav tsum tsis muaj qhov tsis xws luag. Nws zoo kawg nkaus du thiab muaj cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam. Hauv chav kawm A warehouse, muaj kev tswj xyuas qhov kub thiab txias. Cov rooj vag tau nruab nrog cov khoom siv los tsim cov ntaub thaiv thermal.

Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob niaj hnub nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tua hluav taws ntawm cov hmoov lossis cov tshuaj txau. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem kev ruaj ntseg tshiab thiab cov kab ke soj ntsuam video tau raug teeb tsa ntawm cov chaw zoo li no. Muaj fiber ntau optic computer kev sib txuas lus. Qhov no tso cai rau koj ua kom pom qhov pom ntawm qhov chaw sab hauv thiab sab nraud uas tsis muaj "qhov muag tsis pom kev" qhov twgtsis muaj khoom siv yees duab.

rooj vag, txais thiab xa khoom hauv chav kawm A warehouse muaj cov tshuab ua haujlwm qhib qhov rooj, tsa lub ramp.

Kev nkag mus rau cov khoom zoo li no yuav tsum yooj yim. Feem ntau lawv nyob ze ntawm txoj kev thauj khoom loj. Hom warehouse no feem ntau nyiam los ntawm cov tuam txhab lag luam uas muag cov khoom lag luam wholesale thiab muag khoom.

Klass B

Muaj thaj chaw nrog cov yam ntxwv yooj yim me ntsis, txawm li cas los xij, tsis qis dua qhov yooj yim rau qeb dhau los. Chav B muaj xws li hom. Qhov loj ntawm lub tsev khaws khoom hauv pawg no tuaj yeem ua tau zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yog ntau lub tsev, uas tso cai rau nws los tuav thaj chaw me dua piv rau cov tsev A.

Qhov siab ntawm lub qab nthab ntawm cov khoom zoo li no yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 4.5-8 m. Cov plag tsev txawm, ntim nrog asph alt lossis pob zeb. Lawv tsis muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam. Qhov kub hauv tsev thaum lub caij ntuj no tsis poob qis dua +10 ° C.

thaj chaw xa khoom muaj qhov ramp, muaj kev ruaj ntseg thiab hluav taws kev nyab xeeb. Cov chaw ua haujlwm tau ua ke nrog warehouses. Lawv siv cov kev sib txuas lus niaj hnub no, kev sib txuas lus.

Kev nkag mus rau cov tsev khaws khoom zoo li no yuav tsis yooj yim, tab sis lub tsev nyob ze ntawm qhov tsim lossis lub nroog.

Class C thiab D warehouse

Xav txog cov hom tsev khaws khoom, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nco ntsoov cov chav kawm xws li C thiab D. Rau ntau lub lag luam, qhov no yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws. Class C warehouse yog ib chav rhuab nrog lub qab nthab qhov siab ntawm 3.5 mus rau 18 m.theem ntawm +8 txog +14 ºС thaum lub caij ntuj no.

Kev thauj mus los sab hauv kom nqa tawm thiab thauj khoom, uas lub rooj vag ib txwm khaws cia hauv qhov chaw xoom. Cov txheej hauv pem teb tuaj yeem ua pob zeb, asph alt lossis pobzeb.

Class D muaj qhov xav tau qis tshaj plaws. Nws tuaj yeem yog qhov tsis muaj cua sov hauv qab daus, bunker lossis hangar. Cov chaw tiv thaiv pej xeem kuj poob rau hauv pawg no.

Nyob ntawm qeb ntawm thaj chaw, tus nqi ntawm kev yuav lossis xauj yog txiav txim siab. Yog li ntawd, lub tuam txhab yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account nws cov kev xav tau. Yog tias tsis xav tau kev pab ntxiv, lub tsev khaws khoom qis tuaj yeem nyiam dua. Tab sis feem ntau, kev siv cov khoom ntawm chav kawm A lossis B yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb. Tus nqi ntawm nws cov kev saib xyuas thiab nqi tsev yog them los ntawm lub koom haum cov dej num.

Public warehouse

Xav txog cov hom tsev khaws khoom, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias muaj cov chaw pej xeem thiab lub tuam txhab cov chaw. Hauv thawj kis, lub koom haum xauj ib chav lossis ib feem ntawm nws rau qhov xav tau ntawm nws cov khoom.

Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog yog tias muaj kev hloov pauv me me lossis muag khoom raws caij nyoog. Nws muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua rau lub tuam txhab them nyiaj rau cov kev pabcuam ntawm tus tswv ntawm lub tsev khaws khoom pej xeem tshaj li kev tswj hwm nws qhov chaw. Cov lag luam zoo li no muaj qhov xav tau tsawg dua rau qhov chaw cia.

Qhov me me thiab qhov sib thooj ntawm cov khoom vaj khoom tsev nthuav tawm rau cov neeg siv khoom ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig qee zaum. Piv txwv li, thaumlub tuam txhab nkag mus rau hauv kev ua lag luam tshiab, qhov twg kev kwv yees yog qhov nyuaj los ntawm ntau yam, cov tsev khaws khoom pej xeem tso cai kom txo cov kev pheej hmoo nyiaj txiag ntawm lub tuam txhab. Tib lub sijhawm, nws tsis tas yuav nyiam kev nqis peev ntxiv.

Lub tuam txhab yuav tsis tas yuav ntiav cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim nyog los tswj cov chaw, thiab tseem tswj cov khoom muag. Ntau lub tuam txhab loj siv cov kev pabcuam ntawm lub tsev khaws khoom rau pej xeem. Qhov no tso cai rau koj khaws cov khoom kom ze li sai tau rau cov neeg siv khoom, txo nqi tsheb thauj mus los.

Own warehouse

Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub nws raug nquahu kom lub koom haum xauj chav. Qee lub sij hawm nws zoo dua los ua koj tus kheej cov khoom. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog yog tias qhov kev hloov pauv tau tshwm sim los ntawm cov ntim loj. Feem ntau, cov chaw zoo li no nyob ze rau kev tsim khoom.

Tsis tas li, ntau hom kev lag luam warehouses siv qhov system no. Yog tias qhov kev muag khoom yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov khoom ntim siab thiab yog qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau thaj tsam tam sim ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom, nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los tswj koj lub tsev rau khoom. Lub koom haum tab tom txhim kho nws kom raug.

Feem ntau qhov no yog chav kawm "A" lossis "B" khoom. Ntawm no accounting thiab kev tswj ntawm cov khoom lag luam stocks los ntawm lub zog ntawm lub tuam txhab trading yog nqa tawm. Nws ntiav cov kws tshaj lij uas tsim nyog, npaj cov txheej txheem kev lag luam (kev muag khoom, muag khoom), thiab tseem teeb tsa tus nqi ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis uas tau muab rau cov neeg siv khoom.

Cov tuam txhab lag luam loj kuj muaj lawv lub tsev rau khoom. Lawv khaws cov khoom lag luam, cov khoom lag luam ib nrab thiab cov khoom tiav. Yog lub turnover ntawm xws li ib lub tuam txhabtus yam ntxwv los ntawm cov ntim loj, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tswj koj tus kheej lub tsev rau khoom dua li xauj chav zoo sib xws.

Tom qab tau txiav txim siab txog hom khoom lag luam uas twb muaj lawm, peb tuaj yeem xaus tias thaum xaiv cov khoom zoo li no, lawv cov yam ntxwv yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau lub tuam txhab tuaj yeem npaj cov txheej txheem khaws cia thiab txav ntawm cov khoom lag luam kom zoo li sai tau. Tus nqi tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm kev tswj hwm thiab tswj cov chaw khaws cia yuav ua kom zoo dua cov peev txheej ua haujlwm thiab ua kom cov txiaj ntsig tau nyiaj txiag nce ntxiv. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev teeb tsa cov khoom siv no tau ua tib zoo saib, ua kom muaj lej lej thiab tshawb fawb.