Sib ntaus sib tua nyoob hoom qav taub Mi-35M: keeb kwm, piav qhia thiab yam ntxwv
Sib ntaus sib tua nyoob hoom qav taub Mi-35M: keeb kwm, piav qhia thiab yam ntxwv

Video: Sib ntaus sib tua nyoob hoom qav taub Mi-35M: keeb kwm, piav qhia thiab yam ntxwv

Video: Sib ntaus sib tua nyoob hoom qav taub Mi-35M: keeb kwm, piav qhia thiab yam ntxwv
Video: Kho caj kho cev by Celesna Lor 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Mi-35M yog ib qho kev xa tawm ntawm Lavxias Mi-24VM kev sib ntaus sib tua nyoob hoom qav taub, uas yog kev hloov kho ntawm lub npe nrov Soviet rotorcraft. Soviet pilots hu ua "flying tank" los ntawm kev sib piv nrog Il-2 nres aircraft paub thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Lub npe menyuam yaus tsis raug cai ntawm lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua yog "Crocodile" vim yog lub dav hlau dav hlau camouflage.

ib 35m
ib 35m

Thaum twg tus thawj coj ntawm Mi-35M tshwm sim?

Nyob rau thaum ntxov 1960s, nws tau pom meej rau Soviet tus tsim Mikhail Mil tias qhov kev sib tw ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua mus ib txhis yuav ua rau kev tsim cov tub rog caij dav hlau txhawb nqa kev sib ntaus sib tua tsheb uas tuaj yeem siv los ua ob qho kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab kev thauj mus los. Thawj tus qauv ntawm B-24 nyoob hoom qav taub qhia txog lub tswv yim no, tsim los ntawm Mil, tau nthuav tawm xyoo 1966 hauv kev sim ua haujlwm ntawm Ministry of Aviation Industry. Lub tswv yim ntawm cov khoom no yog ua raws li lwm qhov project - B-22 qhov hluav taws xob nyoob hoom qav taub, uas tsis tau ya ntawm nws tus kheej. Lub B-24 muaj lub hauv nruab nrab cargo compartment uas tuaj yeem ua tau yim tus neeg zaum rov qab thiabCov tis me uas muaj peev xwm nqa tau txog rau rau lub foob pob hluav taws thiab nyob rau hauv lub nraub qaum ntawm lub nyoob hoom qav taub, nrog rau cov phom loj ntxaib.

mi35 m helicopter keeb kwm
mi35 m helicopter keeb kwm

Kev txiav txim siab pib txhim kho

Mil muab nws tus qauv tsim rau cov thawj coj ntawm cov tub rog Soviet. Thaum nws tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm ntau tus thawj coj tub rog, lwm tus xav tias kev tsim cov riam phom zoo tshaj plaws yuav yog kev siv cov peev txheej zoo tshaj plaws. Txawm hais tias muaj kev tawm tsam, Mil tau tswj hwm kom yaum Thawj Tus Lwm Thawj Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv, Marshal Andrey Grechko, kom hu cov kws tshaj lij los kawm txog qhov teeb meem no. Thaum kawg, Mil qhov kev pom zoo yeej tawm, thiab Ministry of Defense qhov kev thov los tsim lub nyoob hoom qav taub rau kev txhawb nqa tub rog. Qhov no yog li cas Mi-35M kev sib ntaus sib tua nyoob hoom qav taub pib nws txoj kev taug kev ntev ntawm txoj kev loj hlob. Cov keeb kwm ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob tau tshwm sim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm kev txhim kho thiab siv kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab tua nyoob hoom qav taub los ntawm US Army thaum Tsov Rog Nyab Laj. Kev coj ua ntawm lawv txoj kev siv tau ua rau cov thawj coj hauv Soviet tau pom qhov zoo ntawm cov tub rog nyoob hoom qav taub thiab pab txhawb kev txhim kho ntawm qhov project Mi-24, uas nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm tau hloov mus rau hauv lub nyoob hoom qav taub (Mil) Mi-35M..

mi 35m nyoob hoom qav taub
mi 35m nyoob hoom qav taub

Kev nce qib

Thaum xub thawj, Mil Design Bureau engineers tau npaj ob txoj kev tsim qauv tseem ceeb: lub cav 7-tuj ib leeg thiab 10.5-ton twin-engine. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 6, 1968, tau tshaj tawm cov lus qhia los mus txuas ntxiv nrog kev txhim kho thib ob. Txoj haujlwm tau qhia los ntawm Mil txog thaum nws tuag hauv 1970. Kev tsim qauv pib thaum Lub Yim Hli 1968. Tus qauv tag nrho ntawm lub nyoob hoom qav taub raug tshuaj xyuas thiab pom zoonyob rau lub Ob Hlis 1969. Kev sim dav hlau ntawm tus qauv, uas tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau Mi-35M nyoob hoom qav taub, tau pib thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 15, 1969 nrog kev sib khi ntawm cov txheej txheem kev taw qhia, thiab plaub hnub tom qab ntawd thawj lub davhlau dawb tau ua tiav. Tsis ntev no daim ntawv thib ob tau tsim, thiab tom qab ntawd ib pawg sim ntawm kaum lub nyoob hoom qav taub raug tso tawm.

Sib ntaus sib tua helicopter mi35m
Sib ntaus sib tua helicopter mi35m

Kev txhim kho ntawm cov lus ntawm cov tub rog

Kev lees txais kev sim ntawm cov qauv ntawm Mi-35M tam sim no - Mi-24 nyoob hoom qav taub - pib thaum Lub Rau Hli 1970, kav ntev li 18 lub hlis. Cov kev hloov pauv ntawm tus qauv tsim tau tsom rau kev ua kom muaj zog ntawm cov qauv, tshem tawm cov teeb meem qaug zog thiab txo qis kev co. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tsis zoo 12-degree txoj kab nqes tau qhia hauv tis txhawm rau txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov nyiam ntawm lub nyoob hoom qav taub los yaw ntawm sab mus rau sab ntawm qhov ceev tshaj 200 km / h, thiab cov foob pob hluav taws ntawm Falanga-M complex tau txav los ntawm. lub fuselage mus rau lub wingtips. Tus Tsov tus tw rotor tau txav los ntawm sab xis mus rau sab laug ntawm tus Tsov tus tw, thiab cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev sib hloov tau thim rov qab. Ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm yam kev hloov pauv tau tsim ua ntej pib tsim cov thawj version ntawm Mi-24A xyoo 1970. Tau txais kev pom zoo ntawm nws qhov kev ua tau zoo hauv xyoo 1971, nws tau raug lees paub ib xyoos tom qab.

mi35m helicopter yam ntxwv
mi35m helicopter yam ntxwv

Design overview

Nws yog qiv los ntawm Mi-8 nyoob hoom qav taub (NATO lub npe "Hip") nrog ob lub tshuab siv hluav taws xob turbo, tsib lub ntsiab rotor thiab peb-bladed tail rotor. Lub cav configuration muab lub nyoob hoom qav taubMi-35M muaj nws cov yam ntxwv cua nkag rau ntawm ob sab ntawm lub fuselage. Cov thawj versions muaj ib tug tandem cockpit layout: tus phom yog muab tso rau pem hauv ntej, thiab tus tsav zaum saum nws thiab me ntsis tom qab nws.

Lub fuselage ntawm Mi-24 tau hnyav hnyav thiab tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam los ntawm 12.7mm cov mos txwv los ntawm txhua qhov kev qhia. Cov titanium hniav kuj tiv taus 12.7mm ammo. Lub tsev yog tiv thaiv los ntawm armored windshields thiab titanium-reinforced pallet. Lub dav hlau dav hlau uas muaj zog yog pressurized los tiv thaiv cov neeg coob los ntawm cov kab mob sib kis.

Kev ua haujlwm

Kev saib xyuas tau them rau kev muab Mi-24 qhov siab tshaj plaws ua tau. Lub fuselage tau streamlined thiab nruab nrog ib tug retractable undercarriage kom txo tau luag. Thaum muaj kev kub ceev, cov tis muab qhov tseem ceeb nqa (txog li ib feem peb ntawm nws cov nqi tag nrho). Lub kiv cua tseem ceeb yog tilted 2.5 ° rau sab xis ntawm lub fuselage los them rau qhov nyiam skew thaum nyob twj ywm. Lub tsaws iav tseem tig mus rau sab laug, uas cuam tshuam tag nrho Mi-35 nres nyoob hoom qav taub mus rau tib sab thaum nws nyob hauv av. Hauv qhov no, lub ntsiab ntsia hlau yog nyob rau hauv lub dav hlau kab rov tav. Tus Tsov tus tw kuj yog asymmetrical, uas tsim ib tug lateral quab yuam ntawm nws ceev, yog li unloading tus Tsov tus tw rotor.

Kev hloov pauv ntawm tus qauv tseem ceeb

Thawj qhov dav hlau tsim tawm txij li xyoo 1971 yog Mi-24A. Nws tseem tsis tau muaj tandem cockpit, thiab nws tus Tsov tus tw rotor tau pib nyob rau sab xis. Tom qab txav cov ntsia hlau mus rau sab laug, nws tseem nyob ntawd ntawm txhua tus qauv tom ntej.

Lub nyoob hoom qav taub tom ntej uas tau mus rau hauv kev tsim khoom txij li xyoo 1973 yog Mi-24D qauv. Nws nta ib tug tandem cab thawj zaug.

Txij li xyoo 1976, tus qauv Mi-24V, uas cov foob pob hluav taws tiv thaiv ntawm Shturm-V tau tshwm sim thawj zaug, tau mus rau hauv cov khoom lag luam. Txog rau xyoo 1986, tsuas yog 4 tau teeb tsa, thiab tom qab ntawd lawv cov lej tau nce mus rau 16.

Lub siab tshaj plaws ntawm Soviet theem hauv kev txhim kho Mi-24 hom yog Mi-24 VP qauv, tsim tawm txij li xyoo 1989. Ntxiv nrog rau cov cuaj luaj los tiv thaiv lub tank, Mi-24 VP tau nruab nrog cua-rau-huab cua cuaj luaj thiab Igla-S anti-aircraft missiles. Yog li, nws tuaj yeem tsoo ob qho tib si hauv av armored thiab huab cua lub hom phiaj (helicopters, nres aircraft, drones). Nws American analogue AH-64A Apache yog qhov qis dua rau nws hauv kev nrawm thiab muaj peev xwm sib ntaus sib tua. kev ruaj ntseg.

Russian theem ntawm hom kev hloov kho tshiab

Nrog lub cev qhuav dej ntawm USSR, kev txhim kho ntawm tsev neeg nto moo ntawm "Milevsky" nres helicopters tau cuam tshuam rau ntau tshaj 20 xyoo. Tus qauv Mi-24 VP tau tsim hauv tsuas yog 30 daim ntawv.

Thaum kawg, nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm xyoo 2000s, tus qauv Lavxias nkaus xwb ntawm Mi-24VM nyoob hoom qav taub tau tshwm sim. Nws muaj cov cuab yeej tsaws ruaj khov thiab tuaj yeem nqa cov foob pob hluav taws hauv qab no: huab cua-rau-huab cua tiv thaiv lub tank thiab Igla-V missiles tiv thaiv dav hlau. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv hauv av-raws li MANPADS, tshwm sim los ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm lub tshuab nyoob hoom qav taub, nws tau nruab nrog kev tiv thaiv infrared cuam tshuam.

Lub Mi-24VM nyoob hoom qav taub raug xa tawm raws li lub npe Mi-35M. Nws zoo li cas? Cov duab ntawm lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua tiag tiag tsis tuaj yeem qhia tag nrho cov qauv tsim. Cov qauv yas ntawm lub nyoob hoom qav taub conveys lawv kom meej meej. Mi-35M (1:72) Zvezda, dav siv ntawm Lavxias thiab txawv teb chaws aviation enthusiasts thiab qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab hauv qab no.

mi 35172 ua
mi 35172 ua

Mi-24V ya davhlau ceev cov ntaub ntawv

Nws yog tus qauv tshaj plaws ntawm lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua no. Mi-24V tau teeb tsa ntau lub ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv rau kev ya davhlau ceev thiab nce lub sijhawm mus rau qhov chaw siab. Lub nyoob hoom qav taub tau raug hloov kho kom txo nws qhov hnyav kom ntau li ntau tau - ib qho ntawm kev txhim kho yog tshem tawm cov tis plugs.

Ntau cov ntaub ntawv raug cai hauv ntau pawg rau Mi-24V tau teeb tsa los ntawm cov poj niam cov neeg coob ntawm Galina Rastorguyeva thiab Lyudmila Polyanskaya hauv 70s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Yog li thaum Lub Xya Hli 16, 1975, lawv tau mus txog qhov ceev ntawm 341.32 km / h thaum ya hauv txoj kab ncaj nraim ntawm qhov deb ntawm 15/25 km, thiab thaum Lub Xya Hli 18, 1975, cov ntaub ntawv ceev ntawm 334.46 km / h tau teeb tsa thaum tsiv. nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog ntawm 100 km. Lub yim hli ntuj 1, 1975, thaum ya nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog ntawm 500 km, tus nqi no yog 331.02 km / h, thiab nyob rau lub yim hli ntuj 13, 1975, thaum tsiv tsis payload raws li ib tug kaw trajectory 1000 km ntev, lub nyoob hoom qav taub nrawm mus rau 332.65 km / h. Cov ntaub ntawv no tau tuav txog hnub no.

Sib piv nrog Western helicopters

Dab tsi ua rau Mi-35M qhov siab sib txawv? Nws cov yam ntxwv ua ke cov khoom zoo ntawm lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua armored thiab thauj helicopter. Nws tsis muaj qhov sib piv ncaj qha hauv cov tub rog ntawm NATO lub teb chaws. Nws paub tias UH-1 ("Huey") nyoob hoom qav taub tau siv thaum Tsov Rog Nyab Laj rau kev hloov cov tub rog lossis ua tsheb sib ntaus sib tua, tab sis lawv tsis tuaj yeem ua ob txoj haujlwm no.thaum uas tig mus. Hloov lub UH-1 mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nyoob hoom qav taub txhais tau tias tshem tag nrho cov neeg caij tsheb rau cov roj ntxiv thiab mos txwv, thiab vim li ntawd, poob lub peev xwm siv nws ua lub tsheb. Mi-24 thiab tag nrho nws cov kev hloov kho tom ntej, suav nrog Mi-35M, tau tsim los ua ob txoj haujlwm, thiab nws lub peev xwm tau lees paub thaum tsov rog hauv Afghanistan xyoo 1980-1989.

miv 35m
miv 35m

Qhov sib npaug sab hnub poob ze tshaj plaws yog Sikorsky S-67 Blackhawk, uas tau siv ntau tus qauv tsim tib yam thiab tau tsim los ua lub siab ceev, muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo heev nrog kev thauj mus los tsawg thiab ntau yam khoom los ntawm Sikorsky S ua ntej. -61. Txawm li cas los xij, S-67 tsis tau txais kev pabcuam. Lub Mi-24 tau raug hu ua lub ntiaj teb nkaus xwb "kev sib ntaus sib tua nyoob hoom qav taub" vim nws qhov kev sib xyaw ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob thiab kev thauj tub rog muaj peev xwm.

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