Tsim cov zaub mov. Txoj kev mining

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Organic thiab mineral formations ntawm lub ntiaj teb crust yog cov ntxhia. Feem ntau, cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, nrog rau cov khoom ntawm lub cev, tso cai rau lawv siv rau hauv kev tsim khoom. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias lub tsub zuj zuj ntawm minerals yuav muaj ib tug txawv daim ntawv: hlab ntsha, ntws, reservoir, thiab lwm yam.

Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw hu ua deposit (basin). Cia wb mus saib seb lub tsev dab tsi yog mined, thiab qhov twg, qhov tseeb, lawv siv.

Cov ntaub ntawv dav dav thiab cov ntsiab lus

Kev tsim cov zaub mov (lossis tsis yog xim hlau, tsis yog xim hlau) yog siv hauv kev lag luam. Interestingly, lawv tuaj yeem siv tau ob qho tib si hauv lawv daim ntawv ntuj thiab ua raw khoom. Cov no yog pob zeb thiab pob zeb, uas peb yuav tham me ntsis tom qab.

av, roj, roj, roj, thee thiab lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav tsum raug cais tawm ntawm daim ntawv teev cov khoom tsis yog hlau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, xuab zeb, pob zeb crushed, gravel, thiab lwm yam. tuaj yeem muab faib ua non-ferrous. Kev txheeb xyuas qhia tau tias dhau 7-10 xyoo dhau los, pob txha siv hauv kev tsim kho muajovertook ore cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ntau lawm.

Cov pab pawg tsis yog xim hlau txawv ntawm pawg hlau vim tias cov khoom sib txawv tuaj yeem sib txawv heev nyob ntawm qhov tso nyiaj thiab lwm yam. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej kev khawb av, kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv hauv ib cheeb tsam ib txwm xav tau.

Rock formation

Ib yam khoom ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb tuaj yeem nyob rau hauv ib qho khoom, mos lossis xoob, nyob ntawm cov khoom siv. Qhov tseeb, pob zeb yog cov ntaub ntawv xoob lossis ntom ntom uas lub ntiaj teb lub pob zeb tsim. Lawv tuaj yeem muaj homogeneous lossis ntau hom minerals, tawg ntawm lwm cov pob zeb, thiab lwm yam. Qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov pob txha yog nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem ua nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust. Yog tias peb muab cov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm pob zeb siv hauv kev tsim kho, ces cov no yog xuab zeb, av nplaum, granite, bas alt, ntsev, thee thiab lwm yam. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj hais tias qhov twg ntawm peb pawg pob zeb siv feem ntau hauv kev lag luam. Yog tias peb xav txog cov pob zeb sedimentary, ces cov no yog xuab zeb thiab limestone. Metamorphic pob zeb yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv shale thiab av nplaum.

Qhia ntau ntxiv txog minerals

Ib qho ntxhia yog lub cev homogeneous, feem ntau yog cov khoom. Qhov tseeb, cov khoom no tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm cov pob zeb. Ntawm chav kawm, nws yuav tsum to taub hais tias niaj hnub no muaj ib tug lossis loj npaum li cas ntawm minerals. Piv txwv li, ib pawg quartz muaj ntau yam: amethyst, siv lead ua, citrine, thiab lwm yam. Nws yog noteworthy tias dej tsis yog ib tug mineral. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias nws yog cais raws licov kua hauv lub xeev hu ua dej khov.

Peb txhua tus paub tias kev tsim cov zaub mov yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua, lub ntsiab yog: hardness, ductility, brittleness, thiab lwm yam. Feem ntau, lawv muaj cov khoom siv kho qhov muag. Xws li, piv txwv li, zoo li gloss thiab xim, tsis saib xyuas, tab sis tsuas yog tias lawv tsis cuam tshuam rau cov qauv crystalline ntawm cov pob txha. Tam sim no xav txog qhov twg pob zeb feem ntau siv.

Daim ntawv thov

Cov ntxhia tsis yog xim hlau tuaj yeem siv tau txhua qhov chaw. Yog tias peb tham txog kev lag luam, lawv feem ntau ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Granite, marble, limestone yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau qhov no. Ntau yam ntxhia chiv xws li phosphorite, apatite thiab poov tshuaj ntsev yog siv los ua raw khoom.

Rau tshuaj lom neeg, cov zaub mov tsis yog hlau kuj tseem ceeb heev, txij li cov sulfur, apatite, thiab lwm yam. Pob zeb yog dav siv hauv metallurgy. Limestones thiab quartzite yog attracted li fluxes, thiab dolomite, magnesite, thiab refractory av nplaum tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov qauv refractory. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas ntau yam ntawm cov khoom tso cai rau kev siv tib yam khoom nyob rau hauv ntau yam lag luam. Piv txwv li, graphite tau pom nws daim ntawv thov hauv metallurgy, hluav taws xob engineering, nuclear zog thiab kev lag luam tshuaj.

Txoj kev mining

Txiv neej tau tsim dua tshiab thiab tshiabtxoj kev mining. Lub sijhawm no, ntau txoj hauv kev tau tsim:

• qhib;
• kaw;
• combined.

Tab sis tsuas yog cov ntxhia pob zeb tuaj yeem raug mined li no. Raws li kev txheeb cais, kwv yees li 90% ntawm cov thee xim av thiab 70% ntawm cov ore yog tau los ntawm qhib qhov mining. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, kua thiab gaseous minerals yog mined nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv kiag li txoj kev. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, cov qhov dej tau drilled los ntawm cov roj, roj, thiab lwm yam tau muab tso rau hauv cov chaw cia tshwj xeeb.

Txoj kev ntawm kev rho tawm cov zaub mov siv hauv kev tsim kho tsuas yog txwv rau quarries. Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog kev siv tshuab ua haujlwm tag nrho, uas suav nrog kev siv cov bulldozers thiab lwm yam khoom hnyav. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, ua ntej mining, qhov tob ntawm qhov tshwm sim yog thawj zaug txiav txim, nrog rau cov xwm txheej, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd txiav txim siab nrog txoj kev. Piv txwv li, nws yog qhov ua tsis tau zoo los pib khawb hauv qee qhov qhib tsuas yog vim cov nqi tsheb thauj mus los siab dhau lawm.

Kev faib cov khoom tsis yog xim hlau

Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv tsis yog hlau ua rau nws nyuaj heev rau kev faib lawv. Raws li tau hais los saum no, ib qho khoom siv tuaj yeem siv tau nyob txhua qhov chaw. Txawm li cas los xij, cov pob txha saum toj no tau muab faib ua ob pawg loj:

• los ntawm thaj chaw siv: mining, tshuaj raw khoom thiab mining thiab metallurgical raw khoom, cov ntaub ntawv hauv tsev, nrog rau cov khoom siv lead ua (tshuaj);
• los ntawm geological keeb kwm: pob zeb (tseem yog hom tsis yog hlau feem ntauminerals muaj ib tug kuj yooj yim qauv).

Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj cov zaub mov - cov zaub mov tsis tshua muaj me me. Lawv muaj nqi heev.

Peb yuav tsis sau tag nrho cov npe ntawm cov ntxhia. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm lawv. Yog li ntawd, peb tau faib cov ntxhia hauv kev tsim kho thiab tsis yog xwb, raws li daim ntawv thov thiab keeb kwm.

Ib co ntsiab lus tseem ceeb

Peb tau tshuaj xyuas tag nrho cov chav kawm tam sim no ntawm cov ntxhia. Raws li koj tau pom, qhov no yog ib pawg loj heev. Nws yog tsim nyog them sai sai mus rau lub fact tias muaj minerals nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no. Qhov sib txawv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, qhov tob ntawm qhov tshwm sim, nrog rau cov khoom siv tshuaj. Lub ntiaj teb tab tom tsim cov zaub mov tas li, qhib cov chaw txua txiag zeb tshiab, tsim qhov dej thiab cov mines.

Zaj lus

Peb tau paub txog qhov kev tsim kho pob zeb yog dab tsi. Tau kawg, nws tsis tuaj yeem hu rau lawv li ntawd, vim tias lawv pom lawv daim ntawv thov hauv lwm qhov kev lag luam. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tuaj yeem xav txog kev tsim kho niaj hnub yam tsis muaj kev tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb ntawm cov zaub mov tsis yog hlau. Siv yam tsawg kawg nkaus xws li astringent keeb xws li xuab zeb. Tsis muaj tsev yuav tsim tau yam tsis muaj nws. Tab sis nws yuav tsum to taub hais tias cov minerals ntawm lub ntiaj teb no yog tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug ntev lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv qis thiab siab kub, siab thiab tsis tshua muaj siab. Vim li no yooj yim nws muajlub ntsiab lus siv natural resources ntau rationally.

Tam sim no koj paub cov npe tseem ceeb ntawm cov zaub mov thiab lawv cov kev faib tawm.