Kev haus luam yeeb txias tshuab: lub tswv yim ntawm cov txheej txheem, kev tsim kho lub tsev haus luam yeeb, cov cai tseem ceeb ntawm kev haus luam yeeb thiab kev npaj zaub mov

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Tib neeg tuaj rau dacha, ntawm chav kawm, tsis yog tsuas yog ua haujlwm hauv av, tab sis kuj mus so ntawm lub nroog nrov nrov hauv huab cua ntshiab. Thiab ntawm chav kawm, txhua yam kev sib sau ua ke ntawm tsev neeg feem ntau yog teem rau hauv cov cheeb tsam suburban. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntxiv rau cov zaub cog hauv lub vaj, qee cov khoom qub tseem tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm lub rooj - piv txwv li, ntses lossis nqaij haus nrog ib tus kheej tes. Nws yuav yooj yim los npaj xws li lub teb chaws "delicacies" ntawm koj tus kheej. Hauv qhov no, koj tuaj yeem siv thev naus laus zis ntawm kev haus luam yeeb txias.

Type of smoking

Tus txiv neej tau siv txoj kev ua noj ntses thiab nqaij tau ntev. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb pom ntau lub pob zeb paintings nrog rau cov phiaj xwm sib xws. Tam sim no, tsuas muaj peb txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev haus luam yeeb:

• hot;
• sib kub;
• txias.

thawj thev naus laus zis yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov kev kub ceevkev npaj khoom. Koj tuaj yeem haus luam yeeb ntses lossis nqaij siv txoj kev no hauv ob peb teev xwb. Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm txoj kev no yog tias nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no tag nrho cov kab mob phem los yog kab mob tuag hauv cov khoom. Kwv yees li qhov zoo tib yam yog qhov txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem haus luam yeeb ib nrab. Nws yog ob lub thev naus laus zis no uas feem ntau siv los ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv lub caij ntuj sov thaum npaj cov khoom "nrog pa luam yeeb" ntawm lawv tus kheej.

Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum cov tswv ntawm thaj chaw suburban siv txoj kev nyuaj dua thiab kim dua ntawm kev haus luam yeeb txias. Siv cov cuab yeej no, koj tuaj yeem tau txais ntau cov khoom tastier. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov ntses uas haus dej txias thiab cov nqaij yuav khaws cia ntev dua. Lub ntsiab tsis zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej no yog lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Ntses lossis nqaij tuaj yeem haus luam yeeb siv txoj kev no rau ob peb hnub.

Txoj cai haus luam yeeb tseem ceeb

Kev thev naus laus zis ntawm kev haus luam yeeb txias, kub thiab kub ib nrab yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub ntawm cov pa luam yeeb siv los ua cov khoom lag luam. Qhov saj ntawm ntses los yog nqaij npaj nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev yuav txawv heev.

Ib yam ntxwv ntawm kev haus luam yeeb txias yog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, cov khoom nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no raug rau cov pa taws txias lawm. Nws qhov kub thiab txias, raws li cov kev cai, yuav tsum tsis txhob siab tshaj +15-30 ° C rau nqaij thiab +20-40 ° C rau ntses.

Hauv kev lag luam rau kev haus luam yeeb, ntawm lwm yam, cov qauv hauv qab no tau muab, piv txwv li:

• humidity ntawm cov pa luam yeeb-cua sib tov - 40-70%;
• sijhawm haus luam yeeb - 20-72 teev;
• pa taws ceev - 1-8 m / s;
• ntsev cov ntsiab lus hauv cov khoom tiav - 4-12%.

Yuav ua li cas haus luam yeeb

Ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev haus luam yeeb txias, suav nrog ua-nws-koj tus kheej, yog tias cov khoom hauv qhov no tau xyaum tsis raug kev kho cua sov. Qhov tseeb, cov txheej txheem no yog kev siv tshuab ziab kom yooj yim. Yog li ntawd, cov nqaij los yog ntses npaj nyob rau hauv txoj kev no tej zaum yuav harbor txhua yam kab mob parasites thiab cov kab mob phem.

Siv rau kev haus luam yeeb txias, yog li tsuas yog paub cov khoom lag luam zoo uas tau dhau ntau yam kev kuaj xyuas yog tso siab. Piv txwv li, cov ntses dej tshiab uas tsis tuaj yeem ua noj siv cov txheej txheem no.

Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum xaiv cov khoom siv cov tshuab haus luam yeeb txias, koj yuav tsum tau xyuam xim rau lawv cov qib roj cov ntsiab lus. Qhuav nqaij los yog ntses rau ua noj los ntawm txoj kev no yog kiag li tsis haum. Cov khoom zoo li no nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev haus luam yeeb txias yuav tsuas qhuav tawm thiab tig mus ua tawv heev.

Los ntawm cov nqaij rau kev haus luam yeeb txias, qhov tseem ceeb tsuas yog nqaij npuas lossis nqaij yaj rog rog. Txawm li cas los xij, nqaij qaib thiab nqaij nyuj yog siav nyob rau hauv feem ntau siv txoj kev kub. Cov ntses txias haus luam yeeb tuaj yeem ua haujlwm zoo:

• eel;
• sturgeon;
• Far East salmon;
• whitefish.

Sivfeem ntau rau kev haus luam yeeb mackerel txias haus luam yeeb tshuab. Bream thiab roach kuj tseem zoo rau txoj kev no. Herring feem ntau yog haus luam yeeb hauv qhov kub.

Npaj ntses

Ntau zaus haus luam yeeb tshuab txias yog siv los npaj cov khoom lag luam hauv pa luam yeeb. Hauv kev tsim khoom, cov ntses yog siav hauv cov pa luam yeeb sai dua cov nqaij. Ib yam tshwm sim hauv tsev.

Npaj ntses rau haus luam yeeb yog tso cai ob qho tib si los ntawm s alting thiab pickling. Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si ntawm no, txawv zaub mov txawv rau me me thiab loj ntses yuav siv tau. Txawm li cas los xij, kev s alting los yog pickling yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau kev npaj cov khoom zoo, cov khoom noj qab haus huv.

S alting method

Nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, thev naus laus zis ntawm kev haus luam yeeb ntses txias hauv kev tsim khoom yog siv zog ua haujlwm. Siv rau kev npaj xws li cov khoom kim heev, nyuaj rau kev tswj cov khoom siv. Tab sis cov ntses tib lub sijhawm, thaum kawg, tig tawm los ua kom qab thiab qab heev.

Hnub no, xws li cov khoom lag luam tau haus luam yeeb hauv kev tsim khoom, hmoov tsis, feem ntau, tsis yog raws li GOST, tab sis raws li TU. Raws li, nws hloov tawm nws yog feem ntau tsis heev appetizing. Hauv tsev, yog tias xav tau, koj tuaj yeem ua noj txawm tias tastier ntses dua li yuav. Tab sis tau kawg, ua ntej haus luam yeeb, xws li cov khoom yuav tsum tau s alted kom raug.

Cov ntses me feem ntau tsis raug tua los npaj ua cov pa luam yeeb. Qee lub sij hawm nws tsis txawm gutted. Cov khoom no feem ntau yog npaj raws li hauv qab no:

• ntses zoontxuav;
• ib me ntsis ntsev yog nchuav rau hauv qab ntawm lub lauj kaub enamel;
• rub txhua ntses nrog ntsev, xyuam xim tshwj xeeb rau cov gills;
• Muab ib txheej ntses rau hauv qab ntawm lub lauj kaub thiab npog nrog ntsev;
• rov ua txheej txheem kom txog thaum lub lauj kaub puv.

Nqe ntses tso tseg 2 hnub. Lub sijhawm no, nws yuav saturated nrog brine thiab yuav npaj haus luam yeeb.

Ua-nws-koj tus kheej txias haus luam yeeb ntawm cov ntses loj suav nrog kev siv thev naus laus zis hauv qab no:

• lub taub hau thiab qhov chaw raug tshem tawm ntawm lub cev thiab ntxuav kom huv si;
• ntses yog txhuam nrog ntsev ntxhib thiab muab tso rau hauv saucepan;
• tso cov khoom rau ntsev rau ib hnub;
• Npaj ib brine los ntawm 2 liv dej, 25 g suab thaj thiab 0.5 pob ntsev thiab sau nrog ntses;
• muab lub cev rau ntsev ntxiv 5 hnub.

Hauv brine rau tsw, koj tuaj yeem tso me ntsis kua txob thiab parsley. Ua ntej, nws yuav tsum tau muab rhaub rau ntawm qhov cub thiab txias.

Txoj kev pickling

Thaum siv tshuab haus luam yeeb txias, ua ntej ntsev tso cai rau koj kom tau cov ntses zoo nkauj. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum marinated, cov khoom no thaum kawg tuaj yeem ua rau me ntsis kev sib tw thiab muaj kua. Ntses yog npaj ua ntej haus luam yeeb nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, feem ntau yog raws li nram no technology:

• carcasses raug ntxuav, taub hau thiab entrails raug tshem tawm;
• ntxuav cov ntses thiab muab tso rau hauv lub tub yees rau ib teev.

Lub marinade tau npaj rau hauv lub lauj kaub loj. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, ncuav rau hauv nws:

• 1 tablespoon semi-qab zib dawb wine;
• me ntsis soy sauce, kua txiv qaub thiab dej.

Tom ntej no, sib tov ntawm thyme thiab rosemary yog ntxiv rau marinade. Nyob rau theem tom ntej, lub brine yog rhuab tshaj qis cua sov, tsis coj mus rau ib tug boil, thiab cov ntses yog muab tso rau hauv nws. Tom ntej no, muab lub lauj kaub tso rau hauv lub tub yees rau 10 teev

Technology of haus ntses

Nyob hauv plab ntawm cov ntses loj los yog cov ntses, yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv qhov ua ntej pib kho cov pa luam yeeb. Cov cuab yeej ntawm kev haus luam yeeb txias rudd thiab flounder, bream thiab roach, txij li thaum lawv tseem me me, feem ntau tsis tas yuav muaj cov txheej txheem zoo li no. Tab sis nyob rau hauv salmon carcasses, piv txwv li, spacers yuav tsum tau muab tso.

Sawdust hauv lub tsev haus luam yeeb yuav tsum tau nchuav aspen, alder lossis ntoo qhib. Cov ntses raug tshem tawm hauv lub chamber hauv txoj hauj lwm ntsug. Lub sij hawm ntawm kev haus luam yeeb txias nws nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes yuav nyob ntawm nws qhov loj. Cov txheej txheem no feem ntau siv sijhawm 1-6 hnub.

Kev haus luam yeeb txias hauv tsev: nqaij npaj

Cov khoom no kuj feem ntau haus luam yeeb txias hauv lub tebchaws. Npaj cov nqaij rau kev ua, nyob ntawm seb lawv xav tau dab tsi thaum kawg. Yog li rau basturma koj yuav xav tau:

• 1 kg nqaij npuas fillet;
• 100 g curing sib tov nrog ntsev;
• 1 liter dej;
• by½ tsp qab zib thiab cumin;
• 1 qej clove.

qej yog pre-crushed, thiab ces tag nrho cov khoom xyaw yog poured rau hauv dej. Ncuav cov brine npaj rau cov nqaij thiab tawm hauv lub lauj kaub rau hauv ib chav txias rau 4 hnub. Tom ntej no, lub fillet yog muab tshem tawm, huv si so nrog ib tug phuam thiab qhuav rau ib hnub. Cov nqaij no yog haus luam yeeb ntawm qhov kub ntawm 25 ° C kom txog thaum siav.

Txhawm rau npaj cov nqaij npuas nyoos, cov khoom xyaw hauv qab no yog siv:

• 7 kg ham;
• 700g ntsev;
• 3 liters dej, 350 g ntsev, 2 g ntawm sodium nitrate.

Qhov tuab ntawm cov roj ntawm cov nqaij npua uas tau xaiv rau kev haus luam yeeb yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg dua 3 cm. Chilled nqaij nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog rubbed nrog ntsev thiab muab tso rau hauv ib co thawv. Tom ntej no, lub load yog muab tso rau saum thiab khaws cia rau 1-3 hnub ntawm qhov kub ntawm 4 ° C. Cov ntsev ntxiv yog thawj zaug rau ntawm cov nqaij.

Cov khoom qab zib nyob rau theem tom ntej yog nchuav nrog dej txias thiab sab laug rau marinate rau 10-15 hnub. Tom qab ntawd, cov nqaij raug tshem tawm ntawm lub thawv thiab dai rau hauv ib chav txias kom qhuav rau 3 hnub. Tom qab ntawd, cov nqaij npua yog tsau rau 2-3 teev, ntxuav nrog dej thiab so nrog phuam. Smoked nqaij npaj nyob rau hauv no txoj kev yuav tsum tau nqa tawm nrog tuab pa luam yeeb ntawm ib tug kub ntawm 35 ° C. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, daim yuav tsum muab tso rau hauv ib lub thoob rau 3 teev ib hnub twg rau ib lub lim tiam.

Kuv tuaj yeem noj nqaij nyuj

Tsev txheej txheem ntawm kev haus luam yeeb nqaij npuas hauv tsev yog li yooj yim. Tab sis yog xav tausiv cov txheej txheem no, koj tuaj yeem ua noj nqaij nyug lossis nqaij qaib hauv lub tebchaws. Cov nqaij ntawm cov ntau yam no, nrog rau lub sijhawm ntev ntawm cov pa taws txias, raws li tau hais tseg, tuaj yeem ua kom qhuav thiab tawv. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov no tshwm sim, cov khoom zoo li no yuav tsum tau kho kom sov ua ntej haus luam yeeb. Feem ntau, cov nqaij no tsuas yog muab tso rau hauv lub lauj kaub ua ntej thiab dej coj mus rau boil.

Yuav taws twg haum rau nqaij

Thaum siv cov tshuab haus luam yeeb txias rau cov khoom lag luam zoo li no, kev daws teeb meem zoo heev yuav yog siv ntoo txiv ntoo, piv txwv li, txiv apple lossis txiv duaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, nqaij yog feem ntau siav nyob rau hauv no txoj kev ntawm ntoo qhib, tshauv los yog alder. Birch firewood, chips thiab sawdust tsis pom zoo rau kev haus luam yeeb xws li cov khoom. Txwv tsis pub, cov nqaij yuav saj zoo li tar.

Kev siv tshuab txias haus cov nqaij thiab ntses hauv tsev, yog li ntawd, tsis yog qhov nyuaj tshwj xeeb. Nws yuav yooj yim heev los ua noj hnyuv ntxwm siv txoj kev no. Yuav kom tau txais cov khoom lag luam haus luam yeeb hauv tsev, koj yuav xav tau cov khoom xyaw hauv qab no:

• 2 kg nyuj;
• 1.5 kg lean nqaij npuas;
• 1.5 kg rog rog;
• 10g qab zib;
• kua txob mus saj;
• 200g ntsev;
• 3 g ntawm ascorbic acid (tsis yog ntsev).

Nqaij ua cov hnyuv ntxwm yog ntsev thiab muab tso rau hauv lub tub yees li 4-5 hnub. Tom ntej:

• cov khoom yog scrolled nyob rau hauv ib tug nqaij grinder;
• nplawm nws nrog ntxiv ntawm ascorbic acid, qab zib thiab txuj lom;
• lard yog txiav mus rau hauv me me pieces thiab ntxiv rau minced nqaij;
• faib cov pawg rau ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm nrog ib txheej tsis tuab dua 10 cm thiab khaws cia hauv qhov txias rau 2-3 hnub.

Ntxiv mus, cov nqaij siav yog ntim rau hauv cov hnyuv zoo ntxuav thiab txhua yam yog qhwv nruj nreem. Ua ntej haus luam yeeb, hnyuv ntxwm tau tso rau hauv chav txias (+ 5 ° C) rau ib lub lim tiam. Tom ntej no, cov hnyuv ntxwm yog haus luam yeeb ntawm qhov kub ntawm 20 ° C rau 2-3 hnub. Nyob rau theem kawg, cov hnyuv ntxwm tau khaws cia rau hauv qhov chaw qhuav qhuav (+ 10 ° C) rau 4-6 lub lis piam.

Kuv tuaj yeem ua lub tsev haus luam yeeb

Cov cuab yeej zoo li no tam sim no muag hauv yuav luag txhua lub khw muag khoom kho vajtse. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv peb lub sijhawm, nws muaj peev xwm yuav cov khoom npaj ua tiav tsuas yog rau cov chav haus luam yeeb kub. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov cuab yeej zoo li no tseem kim heev. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv feem ntau, cov tswv ntawm lub caij ntuj sov cottages nyiam sau smokehouses rau txias ua rau lawv tus kheej.

Nws yuav tsis yooj yim tshwj xeeb los muab cov cuab yeej zoo li no hauv vaj lossis hauv vaj. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kom ua tiav hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo li no yog cov pa luam yeeb txias ua ntej ncav cuag cov ntses lossis nqaij. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tau, piv txwv li, los ntawm kev teeb tsa lub moat ntev txog 3 m ntawm qhov hluav taws kub thiab lub chamber.

Koj tuaj yeem ua lub tsev haus luam yeeb hauv tsev, piv txwv li, siv cov thev naus laus zis no:

• ib lub qhov hluav taws tab tom khawb hauv thaj chaw;
• a 3 m ntev trench yog pw ntawm lub qhov;
• raunyob rau lwm qhov kawg ntawm lub trench, ib tug qub hlau los yog ntoo chim tsis muaj qab yog ntsia;
• lub trench kaw, piv txwv li, nrog slate thiab npog nrog 15 cm ntawm lub ntiaj teb.

Rau qhov yooj yim ntawm cov khoom dai ntawm lub thoob, yuav tsum muab cov grate rau saum. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, ntses los yog nqaij yuav txuas rau nws. Kev siv tshuab ntawm kev haus luam yeeb txias ntses lossis nqaij hauv tsev siv cov cuab yeej no yuav tsis nyuaj tshwj xeeb. Thaum haus luam yeeb, lub chamber ntawm lub thoob yuav tsum tsuas yog npog nrog ib daim ntaub tuab.

Lwm txoj kev ua lub tsev haus luam yeeb

Koj tuaj yeem khaws cov khoom siv no ntawm koj lub tsev rau lub caij ntuj sov, piv txwv li, los ntawm lub tub yees qub. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug yeeb nkab nrog ib tug txias yog txuas nrog lub ceg yeeb nkab ntawm lub qhov cub welded los ntawm cov hlau los xij. Lwm qhov kawg ntawm cov yeeb nkab yog muab tso rau hauv lub tub yees. Nws yuav ua hauj lwm ua lub tsev haus luam yeeb. Lub chimney nrog kiv cua yog tsau rau saum lub tub yees.