Hadfield steel yam ntxwv: muaj pes tsawg leeg, daim ntawv thov

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-17 18:53

Kev lag luam metallurgical yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm GDP ntawm txhua lub teb chaws, thiab nws kuj tsim cov khoom tshwj xeeb thiab muaj txiaj ntsig. Tib neeg tsis tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj cov khoom tsim los ntawm cov nroj tsuag metallurgical. Steel yog ib tug ntawm lawv. Muaj ntau hom khoom siv no, uas yog siv hauv ntau lub lag luam. Hlau, uas muaj ductility siab thiab degree ntawm hnav, nws kuj yog Hadfield steel, yog ib qho tshwj xeeb alloy. Cov kev xav tau rau nws yog tswj hwm los ntawm GOST 977-88 thiab txawv teb chaws analogues (USA, England, Lub teb chaws Yelemees, Tuam Tshoj, Nyiv, Finland, Spain, Kauslim Teb).

Hadfield's keeb kwm ntawm steel

Raws li lub npe, nws tuaj yeem sib cav tias nws yog Robert Hadfield uas tau txais cov hlau no. Leej twg yog tus tsim tawm? Robert Hadfield yog lus Askiv metallurgist uas tau txais cov hlau nplaum uas muaj zog ntxiv hauv xyoo 1882. Hloov sai sai, cov hlau no tau nthuav dav thiab dhau los ua cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb.

Tom qab Hadfield tau tsim cov hlau tshwj xeeb, cov tub rog tau nyiam nws txoj kev loj hlob. Qhov no tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob, vim tias cov hlau no yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv rau tub rog.

Cov Khaub Ncaws Infantry Helmets yog thawj cov iav tiv thaiv raws li Hadfield steel. Cov kaus mom hlau zoo sib xws tau siv los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm cov tub rog Askiv, tom qab ntawd cov tub rog Asmeskas tau xav txog kev txhim kho thiab pib tsim khoom. Txog thaum xyoo 80s, Hadfield steel tshuab tsis hloov. Tab sis txij li xyoo 80s, ib qho organoplastic tau tsim muaj zog raws li cov khoom tsim los ntawm British metallurgist, tab sis sib dua.

Cov kaus mom hlau tub rog tsis yog siv rau Hadfield steel xwb. Lub tuam txhab British Vickers yog thawj zaug siv cov hlau zoo no rau lwm lub hom phiaj. Kab ntsig tank khiav tau pib tsim los ntawm Hadfield alloy hauv 20s. Hlau tau nce lub mais ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau los ntawm 500 txog 4800 mais. Thaum Lub Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 1, qhov kev nce qib no tau suav tias yuav luag yog qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb. Hadfield steel tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb rau lub tsev tank. Tsis ntev no alloy tau siv tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub tank tsev, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lwm yam lag luam. Nyob rau hauv lub USSR, Hadfield steel pib smelted nyob rau hauv 1936.

Hadfield Steel: Composition

tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg
Element (periodic table)	Fe	C	Mn	Sib	Lwm yam impurities
Cov ntsiab lus, %	82	1	12	1	4

Los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov feem pua ntawm carbon thiab manganese, nws tuaj yeem pom tias qhov no yog austenitic hlau. Cov qauv no nce hnav tsis kam thiab ntxiv dag zog rau cov hlau. Yog li, cov hlau yog resistant rau deformation txheej txheem, muaj ib tug high degree ntawm ductility thiab cuam tshuam lub zog. Metallurgists hais tias cov hlau no yog thawj alloy hlau los ua loj-tsim.

Hadfield steel khoom

Vim nws cov khoom, austenitic steel tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm cov cuab yeej txiav, vim nws muaj lub zog siab. Rau kev tsim khoom los ntawm cov khoom siv no, tsuas yog casting tuaj yeem tsim nyog.

Hadfield alloy muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm siab, uas yog siab dua li cov hlau zoo sib xws. Austenitic steel muaj qhov hardness tsawg, tab sis kuj tseem hnav tsis kam nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam, kev kub siab thiab kub heev. Raws li cov yam ntxwv no, peb tuaj yeem hais tias cov hlau ntawm British metallurgist yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm hauv qhov chaw nruj.

Txheej txheem ntawm Hadfield steel vuam tshuab

Cov thermal conductivity ntawm austenite qis dua li ntawm lwm cov hlau, los ntawm 4-6 npaug. Cov coefficient ntawm thermal expansion yog ntau zaus ntau dua li cov hlau tsis muaj carbon tsawg - 1.9 npaug. Cov no yog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau, vim nws cuam tshuam rau qhov ua tauCov kab nrib pleb hauv cheeb tsam cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.

Muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kub kub tawg, uas yog vim qhov poob qis ntawm cov hlau, uas yog 1.6 npaug ntawm cov hlau me me. Qhov kub siab hloov pauv cov qauv austenitic rau hauv cov qauv martensitic, uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tawg hauv qhov kub thiab txias.

Hadfield steel daim ntaub ntawv

Vim nws cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov yam ntxwv thiab cov yam ntxwv, austenite yog siv hauv ntau qhov kev lag luam. Siv cov khoom siv hlau, koj tuaj yeem paub tseeb ntawm lawv txoj kev ntseeg siab thiab lub zog siab tshaj plaws.

Hnav-resistant steel yog cov khoom siv nrov heev. Ntau lub tuam txhab kev lag luam uas tsim cov khoom muaj zog siv Hadfield steel. Cov khoom hauv qab no yog tsim los ntawm cov hlau no:

• khoom lag luam.
• Tsheb thauj mus los.
• Tsheb laij teb.
• Railway Hla.
• Hloov muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm raws li kev cuam tshuam loj thiab puas tsuaj.
• Lub tsev kaw neeg ntawm qhov rais.
• Crusher Cheebtsam.

Nws yog qhov txaus siab ua kom cov tsev kaw neeg kaw tawm ntawm austenite. Ntau tus ntseeg tias qhov no yog kev thuam ntawm cov neeg raug kaw uas tab tom sim khiav. Raws li cov classics ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem, ntau cov txheeb ze coj hacksaws rau cov neeg raug kaw, uas, nyob rau hauv kev cia siab ntawm kev ywj pheej, pib txiav qhov rais tuav.

Nyob hauv rooj plaubsiv cov hlau zoo tib yam muaj peev xwm khiav tawm. Tab sis Hadfield alloy yog ib qho hnav-tiv taus hlau uas tsis tuaj yeem pom nrog cov pa hacksaw. Yog tias koj pib sawing gratings los ntawm Hadfield alloy, ces hardening ntawm nto pib, uas entails hardening ntawm lub austenite. Lub hacksaw nce lub hardness ntawm daim phiaj mus rau hardness ntawm lub hacksaw thiab saum toj no. Yog li no, peb tuaj yeem tham txog qhov tsis muaj tseeb ntawm kev khiav tawm.

Steel 110G13L

tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg
Element (periodic table)	Ni	C	Mn	Sib	S	P	Cr
Cov ntsiab lus, %	max. 1	0, 9-1, 5	11, 5-15	0, 3-1	max. 0.05	max. 0, 12	max. 1

Steel qib 110G13L - alloyed, uas yog siv rau castings thiab muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Cov hlau no muaj kev hnav tsis zoo nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam lossis kev poob siab.

Siv qib steel 110G13L

Qib steel no yog siv los tsim cov khoom hauv qab no:

• Cov khoom hnyav hnyav uas yuav tsum hnav tiv taus.
• pob zeb crusher.
• Hnub, phab ntsa ntawm excavators.
• Cas pob, vortex mills.

Steel qib analogues

Ntau lub teb chaws tsim cov hlau zoo sib xws.

England	Fabkis	Austria	Czech koom pheej	Tuam Tshoj	Italy	Spain	USA	Lub Tebchaws Yelemees
BW10	Z120M12M Z120M12	BOHLERK700	422920 17618	ZGMn13-1ZGMn13-2	GX120Mn12	AM-X-120Mn12X120Mn12	A128 J91109 J91139J91149 J91129	1.3401 X120Mn12 GX120Mn12

khoom ntawm qib steel 110G13L

Technological thiab mechanical zog ntawm cov khoom yog muab rau hauv cov ntxhuav.

Casting Properties
Casting shrinkage, %	2, 6-2, 7
Technological properties
vuam	Tsis siv rau cov qauv welded
	Tsis muaj kev cia siab
Flockenosensitivity	Tsis muaj kev xav

Mechanical properties at T=20oC steel qib 110G13L

Assortment	Size	Ex.	sto	sT	d5	y	KCU	kev kho cua sov
-	mm	-	MPa	MPa	%	%	kJ /m2	-
Castings, GOST 21357-87			800	400	25	35		Hardening 1050 - 1100 ° C, txias hauv dej
GOST 977-88	Fur. Cov khoom raug teeb tsa raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau

kev kho cua sov

Kev kho cua sov ntawm Hadfield steel ncaj qha nyob ntawm qib ntawm cov ntsiab lus carbon hauv cov hlau. Qhov siab dua cov pa roj carbon monoxide, qhov kub yuav tsum siab dua. Piv txwv li, yog tias nws nyob rau theem ntawm 1% nyob rau hauv cov hlau, ces qhov kub thiab txias yuav tsum tsis txhob qis dua 900 degrees. Yog tias carbon yog 1.5%, ces kev ua haujlwm yog ua tau ntawm 1000 degrees. Yog hais tias cov pa roj carbon nyob rau hauv lub alloy yog nyob rau theem ntawm 1.6%, ces qhov kub yuav tsum siab tshaj 1050 degrees. Qhov no yog ua kom txias nrog dej.

Kub kub yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ua tiav ntawm cov carbides, uas degrade qhov zoo ntawm casting, thiab rau kev loj hlob ntawm austenite nplej. Lub sijhawm tuav ntawm lub casting nyob ntawm nws thickness. Yog li, lub thickness yog 30millimeters yuav tsum tau kis ntawm 4 teev, thiab 125 millimeters - hauv 24 teev.

Qhov hnav tsis kam ntawm Hadfield steel nyob rau hauv lub xeev cam khwb cia yog tib yam li tom qab hardening. Cov qauv austenite yog nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm lub network carbide thiab coj tus cwj pwm nyob rau hauv kev hnav khaub ncaws tib yam li homogeneous hardened alloy. Tias yog vim li cas nws tuaj yeem sib cav tias cam khwb cia austenite hauv qee qhov microvolumes muaj tib lub toughness thiab hnav tsis kam zoo li cov hlau tawv. Nws nce brittleness yog vim muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm carbide mesh, uas ua rau muaj zog concentration ntawm sab hauv stresses.

Hadfield steel tau tsim ntau xyoo dhau los. Niaj hnub no, alloy steel yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim khoom ntawm ntau yam khoom hauv ntau yam lag luam. Yog tsis muaj nws, kev lag luam xws li mechanical engineering, roj thiab roj, tshuaj lom neeg, zaub mov, thiab kev lag luam hluav taws xob yuav tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm li qub. Tsis txhob hnov qab txog kev tsim kho, lub tsev tank thiab kev tsim cov riam phom tshiab uas siv cov kev ua tiav tshiab hauv kev lag luam metallurgical. Txawm li cas los xij, engineers thiab metallurgists tsis nkag siab tag nrho cov khoom, nta thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm alloy steels.