Cov hlau ruaj khov tshaj plaws: nws yog dab tsi

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Txij thaum menyuam yaus, peb paub tias cov hlau ruaj khov tshaj plaws yog hlau. Txhua yam hlau yog txuam nrog nws.

Iron man, hlau poj niam, steel cim. Los ntawm kev hais cov kab lus no, peb txhais tau tias muaj zog, lub zog, tawv.

Rau lub sijhawm ntev, steel yog cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim khoom thiab riam phom. Tab sis hlau tsis yog hlau. Yuav kom meej meej, nws tsis yog cov hlau ntshiab huv. Qhov no yog ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm hlau nrog carbon, uas muaj lwm yam hlau additives kuj muaj. Siv additives, steel yog alloyed, i.e. hloov nws cov khoom. Tom qab ntawd, nws yog ua tiav. Steelmaking yog tag nrho science.

Cov hlau ruaj khov tshaj plaws yog tau los ntawm kev qhia cov alloys tsim nyog rau hauv cov hlau. Nws tuaj yeem yog chromium, uas muab cov hlau hardness thiab kub tsis kam, npib tsib xee, uas ua rau steel tawv thiab elastic, thiab lwm yam.

Steel pib hloov cov txhuas hauv qee txoj haujlwm. Lub sij hawm dhau mus, qhov ceev tau nce. Aluminium tsis tuav ib yam nkaus. Kuv yuav tsum tig mus rau titan.

Yog, yog, vim tias titanium yog cov hlau ruaj khov tshaj plaws. Txhawm rau muab cov yam ntxwv siab zog steel, titanium pib ntxiv rau nws.

Nws tau pom nyob rau xyoo pua 18th. Vim nws fragility, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom siv nws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tau txais cov titanium ntshiab, engineers thiab designers tau xav txog nws lub zog tshwj xeeb, tsis tshua muaj siab, tsis kam tiv thaiv corrosion thiab kub kub. Nws lub cev muaj zog tshaj lub zog ntawm hlau los ntawm ob peb zaug.

Engineers pib ntxiv titanium rau hlau. Qhov tshwm sim yog cov hlau ruaj khov tshaj plaws, uas tau pom daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ntawm ultrahigh kub. Lub sijhawm ntawd, tsis muaj lwm yam hlau yuav tiv taus lawv.

Yog tias koj xav txog lub dav hlau ya peb zaug sai dua qhov nrawm ntawm lub suab, koj tuaj yeem xav txog seb cov hlau sheathing heats li cas. Cov ntawv hlau ntawm lub dav hlau daim tawv nqaij nyob rau hauv xws li mob yog rhuab mus rau +3000C.

Hnub no, titanium yog siv unlimitedly hauv txhua qhov chaw ntawm kev tsim khoom. Cov no yog cov tshuaj, aircraft tsev, nkoj tsim.

Zoo meej tias titan yuav tau txav mus rau yav tom ntej.

Cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Asmeskas, hauv chav kuaj ntawm University of Texas ntawm Austin, tau tshawb pom ib txoj hauv kev los tsim cov khoom siv thinnest thiab ruaj khov tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Lawv hu ua graphene.

Xav txog ib qho kev siv carbon phaj, lub thickness uas yog sib npaug rau thickness ntawm ib atom. Tab sis cov phaj zoo li no muaj zog dua pob zeb diamond thiab ua hluav taws xob ib puas npaug zoo dua li cov chips hauv computersilicon.

Graphene yog cov khoom siv nrog cov khoom zoo. Nws yuav sai sai no tawm ntawm lub chaw soj nstuam thiab ua raws nws qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv ruaj khov tshaj plaws hauv lub qab ntuj khwb.

Nws tseem tsis tuaj yeem xav txog tias ob peb grams ntawm graphene yuav txaus los npog qhov chaw ncaws pob. Ntawm no yog cov hlau. Cov kav dej ua los ntawm cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem muab tso rau ntawm tes yam tsis siv lub tshuab nqa thiab thauj khoom.

Graphene, zoo li pob zeb diamond, yog cov pa roj carbon ntshiab tshaj plaws. Nws yooj yim heev. Cov khoom no folds tau yooj yim, folds zoo nkauj thiab dov zoo.

Cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm cov ntxaij vab tshaus, lub hnub ci hlwb, lub zog cia khoom, xov tooj ntawm tes, thiab, thaum kawg, super-ceev lub computer chips twb pib saib nws.