Dab tsi yog cov khoom capacitor? Kev cim thiab kev faib tawm

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Hais txog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, qhov no yog tib lub tshuab hluav taws xob electrolytic, tab sis nws siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb lossis polymerized organic semiconductor. Thaum lwm cov capacitors siv cov pa roj electrolyte.

yam ntxwv dav dav

Raws li twb tau hais lawm, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv hauv lub xeev thiab cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke yog qhov "khoom" ntawm lub cuab yeej. Vim li cas lawv thiaj zoo dua?

Qhov sib txawv ntawm thawj thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog qhov tseeb ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv lub xeev siv cov khoom siv polymer electrolyte, es tsis yog kua. Qhov no tshem tawm qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm to los yog evaporation ntawm electrolyte. Qhov thib ob tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hauv lub xeev yog lawv cov kev sib npaug sib npaug, uas yog hu ua ESR. Qhov kev txo qis hauv qhov ntsuas no tau ua rau muaj qhov tseeb tias nws tau dhau los ua qhov siv tau tsawg dua capacitive capacitors, nrog rau qhov me me hauv tib lub sijhawm. Lwm qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom capacitor yog tias lawv tsis tshua nkag siab rau qhov kub thiab txias. Qhov zoo dua no kuj yogqhia tau hais tias lub neej ntawm cov khoom no yuav ntev li ntawm rau lub sijhawm, uas txhais tau hais tias cov khoom uas nws tau nruab yuav kav ntev dua.

Electrolytic

Lub xeev cov khoom siv hluav taws xob electrolytic siv cov txheej nyias ntawm cov hlau oxide raws li dielectric. Kev tsim cov txheej txheem no yog ua los ntawm txoj kev electrochemical. Kev khiav ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog nqa tawm ntawm lub hau ntawm tib lub hlau.

Lub npog thib ob ntawm lub capacitor tuaj yeem nthuav tawm hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kua lossis cov electrolyte qhuav. Cov pa electrolytics siv cov kua, thaum lub xeev cov khoom siv qhuav. Hom khoom capacitor no siv cov khoom siv xws li tantalum lossis txhuas los tsim cov hlau electrode.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias tantalum capacitors kuj koom nrog pawg electrolytic.

Asymmetrical

Lub asymmetric khoom lub xeev capacitor yog ib qho kev tsim tshiab tsis ntev los no, raws li lwm yam khoom siv tau siv ua ntej. Thawj thiab yooj yim tshaj plaws capacitor los ntawm pab pawg no yog T-puab. Hauv cov khoom no, cov phiajcim tau nyob hauv tib lub dav hlau. Kev txhim kho tom qab ntawm asymmetrical capacitors coj mus rau hom disc. Nws muaj ib lub nplhaib tiaj tus, nrog rau lub disc nyob hauv nws. Kev txhim kho tom ntej ntawm asymmetric capacitors coj mus rau qhov yooj yim dua ntawm kev tsim, thiab cov khoom siv nrog ob lub electrodes tau txais. Ib tug ntawm lawv yognthuav tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug nyias hlau, thiab lub thib ob - ib tug nyias phaj los yog ib tug nyias strip ntawm hlau. Tab sis nws tsim nyog sau cia tias kev siv hom capacitor tshwj xeeb no nyuaj vim yog siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab.

Marking

Muaj daim ntawv lo rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas piav qhia lawv cov yam ntxwv. Lub xub ntiag ntawm qhov cim no yuav pab kom nkag siab qee yam khoom ntawm lub capacitor:

• Raws li qhov cim ntawm lub cuab yeej, koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov kev khiav hauj lwm voltage rau txhua lub capacitor. Nws tseem tsim nyog sau cia tias tus nqi no yuav tsum tshaj qhov voltage uas muaj nyob hauv Circuit Court uas siv cov khoom no. Yog tias qhov xwm txheej no tsis tau ntsib, ces yuav muaj qhov ua tsis tiav hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm tag nrho lub voj voog, lossis lub capacitor tsuas yog tawg.
• 1,000,000 pF (picofarad)=1 uF. Cov cim no yog tib yam rau ntau lub capacitor. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias yuav luag txhua yam khoom siv muaj peev xwm sib npaug lossis ze rau tus nqi no, thiab yog li ntawd tuaj yeem qhia ob qho tib si hauv picofarads thiab hauv microfarads.

Swelling capacitor

Txawm hais tias lub capacitors ntawm hom no yog cov resistant rau tawg, lawv tseem tsis kav mus ib txhis, thiab lawv kuj yuav tsum tau hloov. Kev hloov ntawm cov khoom capacitor tuaj yeem tsim nyog nyob rau hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej:

• Muaj qee qhov laj thawj rau kev tawg, uas yog, qhov o ntawm cov cuab yeej no, tab sis lub ntsiab yog hu ua qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov nws tus kheej.
• Rau qhov ua rau tsam plab, koj tuaj yeem ua taukuj xa mus rau lub boiling los yog evaporation ntawm cov electrolyte. Txawm hais tias siv cov khoom siv electrolyte, cov teeb meem zoo li no tseem tsis tau txiav tawm tag nrho, thiab thaum kub kub nws tshwm sim.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias overheating ntawm cov cuab yeej no tuaj yeem tshwm sim ob qho tib si vim yog kev cuam tshuam ntawm ib puag ncig sab nraud, thiab vim yog sab hauv. Kev teeb tsa tsis raug tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau sab hauv. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, yog hais tias lub polarity yog thim rov qab thaum mounting qhov no, ces thaum nws pib, nws yuav ua kom sov yuav luag instantly thiab, feem ntau yuav, yuav tawg. Ntxiv rau cov laj thawj no, kev kub hnyav hnyav kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua tau vim tsis ua raws li cov cai ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Nws tuaj yeem yog qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm voltage, capacitance, lossis kev khiav haujlwm hauv qhov kub thiab txias ib puag ncig.

Yuav ua li cas kom tsis txhob khaus khaus thiab hloov pauv ntau zaus

Pib nrog yuav ua li cas kom tsis txhob tsam plab lub zog capacitor.

• thawj qhov qhia yog siv cov khoom zoo xwb.
• Qhov thib ob ntawm cov lus qhia uas tuaj yeem pab kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem zoo li no yog ua kom lub capacitor tsis txhob kub dhau. Yog tias qhov ntsuas kub nce mus txog 45 degrees lossis ntau dua, yuav tsum tau ua kom txias sai, thiab nws tseem zoo dua los tso cov cuab yeej no kom deb li deb tau los ntawm qhov chaw sov.
• Vim tias feem ntau cov capacitors swell hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv computer, nws raug nquahu kom siv cov hluav taws xob stabilizers uas tiv thaiv lub network ntawm lub zog tam sim ntawd.

Yog qhov mob tshwm sim, cesntaus ntawv yuav tsum tau hloov. Txoj cai tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho yog xaiv lub capacitor nrog tib lub peev xwm. Nws raug tso cai rau deviate qhov parameter upwards, tab sis tsuas yog me ntsis. Downward deviations tsis pub. Tib txoj cai siv rau qhov voltage ntawm cov khoom. Nws tseem tsim nyog ntxiv tias thaum hloov cov khoom siv hluav taws xob electrolytic nrog cov khoom siv hauv lub xeev, cov khoom siv nrog lub peev xwm qis dua tuaj yeem siv tau. Qhov no yog ua tau vim qhov qis ESR tau tham ua ntej. Tab sis ua ntej ntawd, nws tseem tsim nyog sab laj nrog tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb. Cov txheej txheem hloov nws tus kheej muaj nyob rau hauv tshem tawm qhov burnt ib feem los ntawm soldering thiab soldering ib tug tshiab.

Kho

Ntau zaus, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv kev saib xyuas ntawm cov capacitors. Piv txwv tias muaj ib qho tsis txaus ntseeg capacitor tau pom thaum lub sij hawm disassembly ntawm lub computer. Nws yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas thiab hloov yog tias tsim nyog. Txhawm rau hloov, koj yuav xav tau cov hlau nplaum nrog lub zog ntawm 25 mus rau 40 watts. Cov no yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nruab nrab. Lawv txoj kev siv yog qhov ncaj ncees los ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov hlau tsis muaj zog dua yuav tsis tuaj yeem ua rau lub capacitor, thiab cov muaj zog ntau dua yog qhov loj heev, thiab nws tsis yooj yim rau kev ua haujlwm nrog lawv.

Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj kom muaj cov hlau nplaum nrog lub ntsej muag ntawm tes. Yuav kom ua tiav kev kho, lub qub capacitor yog soldered, tab sis qhov no yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo ua tib zoo, vim hais tias cov laug cam nyob rau hauv uas lawv tau nruab yog feem ntau multilayer - mus txog 5 txheej. Kev puas tsuaj tsawg kawg yog ib qho ntawm lawv yuav lov tes taw tag nrho lub rooj tsavxwm, thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem kho tau lawm. Tom qab soldering lub qub ntaus ntawv, lub installation qhov yog xuas nrig ntauskoob, kev kho mob zoo tshaj plaws, nws yog thinner. Soldering ib yam khoom tshiab yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws siv rosin.

Tshuaj Polymer Capacitors

Nws tuaj yeem hais tau tias txhua yam khoom siv ntawm hom no yog polymer, txij li hauv cov khoom siv no siv cov khoom siv polymer es tsis txhob siv cov kua electrolyte. Kev siv cov khoom siv hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau ua rau cov txiaj ntsig hauv qab no:

• ntawm cov zaus siab - qis sib npaug;
• siab ripple tam sim no tus nqi;
• capacitor lub neej ntev dua;
• ua haujlwm ruaj khov ntawm qhov kub siab.

Nyob rau hauv kev nthuav dav ntxiv, piv txwv li, txo ESR txhais tau tias tsawg zog siv, thiab li no tsawg cua sov ntawm lub capacitor ntawm tib lub loads. Ib qib siab dua ntawm cov ripple tam sim no ua kom ruaj khov ua haujlwm ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm tag nrho. Lawm, nws yog qhov hloov ntawm cov kua electrolyte nrog ib qho khoom uas ua rau qhov tseeb tias lub neej kev pabcuam tau nce ntau.