Coal: daim ntawv thov thiab ntau haiv neeg

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau xav txog tej yam tseem ceeb rau tib neeg ntau dua li cov thee. Nws daim ntawv thov yog li multifunctional uas tej zaum koj cia li xav. Lub sijhawm zoo li no, kev ua xyem xyav involuntarily nkag mus rau hauv, thiab cov lus nug uas muaj tseeb hauv kuv lub taub hau: Dab tsi? Puas yog tag nrho cov thee?!” Txhua leej txhua tus tau siv los txiav txim siab thee tsuas yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xwb, tab sis, qhov tseeb, nws cov kev siv ntau yam yog qhov dav heev uas nws zoo li yooj yim heev.

Kev tsim thiab keeb kwm ntawm cov roj seams

Lub ntsej muag ntawm cov thee hauv ntiaj teb tau rov qab mus rau lub sijhawm Paleozoic nyob deb, thaum lub ntiaj teb tseem nyob hauv nws txoj kev loj hlob thiab muaj lub ntsej muag txawv txawv rau peb. Kev tsim cov thee seams pib txog 360,000,000 xyoo dhau los. Qhov no tshwm sim feem ntau nyob rau hauv qab sediments ntawm prehistoric reservoirs, qhov twg organic cov ntaub ntawv sau rau ntau lab xyoo.

Ib yam lus,thee yog qhov seem ntawm lub cev ntawm cov tsiaj loj, cov kab ntoo thiab lwm yam kab mob uas muaj sia nyob uas ntog rau hauv qab, lwj thiab nias hauv qab dej. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov deposits yog ntev heev, thiab nws yuav siv sij hawm tsawg kawg yog 40,000,000 xyoo rau kev tsim cov thee seam.

Coal mining

Tib neeg tau nkag siab ntev npaum li cas cov thee tseem ceeb thiab tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv tau, nws cov khoom thiab cov ntawv thov tau tuaj yeem ntsuas thiab hloov kho nws ntawm qhov loj loj tsis ntev los no. Kev loj hlob ntawm cov thee deposits pib tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub XVI-XVII centuries. nyob rau hauv teb chaws Askiv, thiab cov ntaub ntawv rho tawm tau siv tsuas yog rau smelting ntawm npua hlau, tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov cannons. Tab sis nws cov khoom tsim los ntawm cov qauv niaj hnub no yog qhov tseem ceeb heev uas nws tsis tuaj yeem hu ua kev lag luam.

Cov mining loj tau pib tsuas yog nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, thaum kev txhim kho kev lag luam tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb rau cov thee tawv. Nws siv, txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tsuas yog siv rau incineration. Ntau pua txhiab lub mines tam sim no tau ua haujlwm thoob plaws ntiaj teb, tsim tau ntau dua ib hnub dua li ob peb xyoos hauv lub xyoo pua 19th.

Ntau yam ntawm cov thee tawv

Cov pob zeb ntawm cov pob zeb tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov tob ntawm ob peb kilometers, txuas mus rau lub thickness ntawm lub ntiaj teb, tab sis tsis yog ib txwm thiab tsis nyob txhua qhov chaw, vim nws yog heterogeneous ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus thiab nyob rau hauv tsos.

Muaj 3 yam tseem ceeb ntawm cov pob txha no: anthracite, xim av thee, thiab peat, uas yog reminiscent ntawm thee.

1. Anthracite yog qhov tsim muaj qub tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb ntawm nws homgenus, qhov nruab nrab hnub nyoog ntawm hom no yog 280,000,000 xyoo. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj heev, siab ceev, thiab muaj cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm 96-98%.
2. Lub hardness thiab ntom ntawm cov xim av thee yog qhov tsawg, nrog rau nws cov ntsiab lus carbon. Nws muaj qhov tsis ruaj khov, xoob qauv thiab tseem muaj dej ntau dhau, cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem ncav cuag 20%.
3. Peat kuj yog ib hom thee, tab sis tseem tsis tau tsim, yog li nws tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam nrog cov thee.

Coal properties

Tam sim no nws nyuaj rau xav txog lwm yam khoom siv tau zoo dua thiab siv tau dua li cov thee, cov khoom tseem ceeb thiab daim ntawv thov uas tsim nyog tau txais kev qhuas siab tshaj plaws. Ua tsaug rau cov tshuaj thiab cov tshuaj muaj nyob hauv nws, nws tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb hauv txhua qhov chaw ntawm lub neej niaj hnub no.

Cov khoom ntawm cov thee tawv zoo li no:

• qhov nruab nrab tsis hloov pauv mus txog 35-40%;
• nruab nrab cov hmoov tshauv tsis tshaj 15-18%;
• nruab nrab cov dej noo hloov pauv ntawm 12-15%;
• nruab nrab calorie cov ntsiab lus yog 5500-7000 kcal / kg.

Tag nrho cov khoom no yog qhov ua cov thee, daim ntawv thov thiab kev siv uas muaj ntau yam haujlwm. Cov khoom uas tsis muaj hluav taws xob muaj nyob hauv cov thee muab hluav taws xob sai nrog qhov ua tiav tom qab ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Cov ntsiab lus noo noo ua kom yooj yim ua haujlwmthee, caloric cov ntsiab lus ua rau nws siv indispensable nyob rau hauv pharmaceuticals thiab cosmetology, tshauv nws tus kheej yog ib tug tseem ceeb mineral khoom.

Kev siv cov thee hauv ntiaj teb niaj hnub no

Kev siv cov zaub mov txawv. Coal yog Ameslikas tsuas yog ib qhov chaw ntawm tshav kub, ces lub zog (nws muab dej rau hauv chav), tab sis tam sim no lub possibilities ntawm thee nyob rau hauv no hais txog tsuas yog unlimited.

Lub thermal zog los ntawm cov thee combustion yog hloov mus rau hauv hluav taws xob lub zog, coke-chemical khoom yog tsim los ntawm nws thiab kua roj yog muab rho tawm. Hard thee yog tib lub pob zeb uas muaj cov hlau tsis tshua muaj xws li germanium thiab gallium li impurities. Coke cub roj yog muab rho tawm los ntawm nws, uas yog ces ua tiav rau hauv benzene, los ntawm cov coumarone resin cais, uas yog siv los ua txhua yam xim, varnishes, linoleum thiab roj hmab. Aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols thiab pyridine bases yog tau los ntawm thee. Thaum lub sij hawm ua, thee yog siv nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov vanadium, graphite, sulfur, molybdenum, zinc, txhuas, thiab ntau lwm yam tseem ceeb thiab tam sim no irreplaceable khoom.