Kev haus luam yeeb rau kev noj qab haus huv yog dab tsi?

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Lo lus "Tsoomfwv Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv ceeb toom: Kev haus luam yeeb yog qhov txaus ntshai rau koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv" yog qhov nrov heev uas nws tau paub rau txhua tus txij li thaum yau. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog nws lub xub ntiag tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv pob khoom ntawm luam yeeb, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv cov ntawv tshaj tawm phiaj xwm, nyob rau hauv luam yeeb advertising. Qib ntawm "kev phom sij" nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no txawv ntawm qhov tawv nqaij tsis zoo mus rau cov qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav.

Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg haus luam yeeb hauv ntiaj teb tsuas yog nce txhua xyoo. Qhov no thov cov lus nug, yog kev haus luam yeeb txaus ntshai rau kev noj qab haus huv.

Qee keeb kwm tseeb

Kev haus luam yeeb tuaj rau Tebchaws Europe los ntawm Asmeskas. Cov neeg Indian tau loj hlob bushes ntawm cov nroj tsuag no thiab, tom qab tsim nyog ua, haus luam yeeb nplooj. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem niaj hnub ntawm kev ua luam yeeb, tsis muaj cov khoom pov tseg hauv daim ntawv luam yeeb. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias Columbus tsis txaus siab rau lub hav txwv yeem ntawm nplooj qhuav nthuav tawm ua khoom plig, thiab thawj "cov neeg haus luam yeeb" uas tau tshwm sim hauv Tebchaws Europe tau them rau lawv txoj kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj (Inquisition tau txiav txim siab tias muaj "tsis huv" cov pa luam yeeb tawm los ntawm cov neeg haus luam yeeb.). Txij li thaum xyoo 1531, luam yeeb tau loj hlob ntawm cov cog hauv Spain.

Kev nkag mus ntawm kev haus luam yeeb rau hauv Tebchaws Europe pib nrog lub neej "siab", txij li tsuas yogcov neeg nplua nuj. Ntawm cov poj niam, tsuas yog cov niam ntiav Parisian haus luam yeeb qhib. Tus cwj pwm ntawm lub xeev thiab lub tsev teev ntuj rau "pernicious" cwj pwm ntawm cov pej xeem hloov raws li lawv paub lub profitability ntawm xws li ib tug tshwm sim raws li "tam luam yeeb monopoly".

Kev txiav txim siab tawm tsam ntawm kev haus luam yeeb monopolies rau cov neeg siv khoom yog Thawj Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb, thaum cov luam yeeb dawb tau suav nrog cov tub rog cov khoom noj. Lawm, kev xam tau ua nyob rau ntawm "conquest" ntawm cov neeg siv khoom tsis tu ncua. Tom qab ua tsov ua rog, thawj cov kev tshawb fawb tau ua rau cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm kev haus luam yeeb ntawm cov tub rog. Cov neeg mob qog nqaij hlav ntsws muaj kaum npaug ntau dua li cov neeg ntawm cov pej xeem. Qhov tseeb tias nicotine yog "tshuaj lom" tau paub rau cov neeg tshawb fawb txog li ib puas xyoo, tab sis qhov no tsis tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam luam yeeb.

Tobacco li kho mob migraine

Thaum pib, cov neeg European tau mob siab rau cov khoom siv tshuaj ntawm cov nroj tsuag sab nraud, thiab nws tau muag hauv cov khw muag tshuaj raws li kev kho mob migraine, toothache, hysteria thiab lwm yam kab mob. Nyob rau lub sijhawm nyob deb, cov luam yeeb tau hnia, zom, thiab ua cov tinctures, vim tsuas yog ob peb tus neeg tuaj yeem haus luam yeeb "khoov nplooj ntawv luam yeeb". Raws li koj paub, txhua yam tshuaj nyob rau hauv unlimited kom muaj nuj nqis hloov mus rau hauv tshuaj lom. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm nicotine rau tib neeg lub cev nrog kev tswj tsis tau tsis tau kawm. Tej zaum vim qhov kev siv keeb kwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag no los ntawm cov neeg European, muaj kev xav hauv lub neej niaj hnub no hais tias kev haus luam yeeb "ntxias lub paj hlwb" thiab cov kab lus "kev haus luam yeeb yog qhov txaus ntshai rau koj kev noj qab haus huv" tau pom los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom raws li cov lus qhuab qhia tseem ceeb. Txawm hais tias, qhov tseebQhov tseeb, txhua yam kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj tshwm sim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm kev ntxhov siab.

YCigars, luam yeeb, luam yeeb niaj hnub

Raws li koj paub, cov neeg Khab haus luam yeeb tsuas yog cov nplooj ntawm cov nroj tsuag, tab sis "cov neeg dawb" tsis txwv rau qhov no. Hauv kev sib zog ua kom tsis muaj kev tsim khoom pov tseg thiab "cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj", cov tuam txhab luam yeeb tsis quav ntsej ntxiv ntau hom tshuaj sib xyaw rau luam yeeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov stems ntawm cov nroj tsuag kuj tau ua tiav rau hauv luam yeeb (nrog kev pab ntawm chemistry), uas coj mus rau lub era ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm malignant qog. Yav dhau los, nws tau ntseeg tias cigars yog cov khoom siv huv dua li cov nplooj crushed, txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev tsim khoom niaj hnub no, kev ua cov ntawv luam yeeb rau luam yeeb yog ua nrog cov tshuaj tua kab tib yam. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis tuaj yeem hais tias tsuas yog nicotine muaj nyob hauv cigars los ntawm cov tshuaj lom.

Cov luam yeeb niaj hnub

Cov luam yeeb niaj hnub no tsuas yog 50% ntawm cov nroj tsuag hu ua luam yeeb. Cov kev tshawb fawb hauv chav kuaj tau lees paub tias muaj phenol, butane (lawv kuj siv rau hauv "ripening" ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo txawv), benzopyrene, cadmium, polonium-210, DDT, ammonia, urethane, taurene, arsene, vinyl chloride thiab ntau tshaj 500 lwm yam. Cov khoom xyaw, muaj nyob rau hauv tsuas yog manufacturers paub txog luam yeeb.

Nicotine nws tus kheej yog tshuaj lom. Kev tshawb fawb txog nws cov nyhuv ntawm cov kab mob muaj sia nyob ua ke nrog cov tshuaj uas tau teev tseg saum toj no tsis tau ua. Nws yuav zoo li tias cov lus teb rau lo lus nug "vim li cas kev haus luam yeeb yog txaus ntshai rau kev noj qab haus huv" yog muab. Cov tshuaj lom uas muaj zog tshaj plaws thiab ua kom puas tsuaj yog sau rau hauv luam yeeb, thiab lawv qhov ntau npaum li cas nyob deb ntawm cov qauv tshuaj. Tab sis tib neeg tsis haus luam yeebtsawg dua, thiab daim ntawv teev cov kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv luam yeeb yog txuas ntxiv.

Kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj los yog cwj pwm?

Cov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb tau lees paub tias kev haus luam yeeb yog kev quav yeeb tshuaj uas tshwm sim nws tus kheej ob lub cev thiab lub hlwb. Norepinephrine yuav tsum liam, kom meej meej, ua txhaum ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj no hauv tib neeg lub cev vim kev haus luam yeeb. Tus nqi ntawm "artificial" norepinephrine yog tswj los ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov luam yeeb, qhov no yog "qhib rooj vag" rau kev txhim kho kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj.

Nws tau raug pov thawj tias nws muaj peev xwm txiav luam yeeb yog tias daim siab, lub raum, thiab cov ntshav raug ntxuav los ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj lom hnyav, tab sis feem ntau qhov no tsis txaus. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm no yog twb ua si los ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws dependence, uas tsim tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm qee yam kev coj cwj pwm pseudo-social. Raws li kev xyaum qhia, tshem tawm nws yog 50% ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm txoj kev mus rau lub neej yam tsis muaj luam yeeb. Cov txheej txheem niaj hnub no thiab cov kev pab cuam tau ua tiav nrog cov kev tiv thaiv zoo li no, yog tias tus neeg muaj lub siab xav tau lub hom phiaj - txiav luam yeeb.

Muaj feem cuam tshuam

Kev haus luam yeeb rau tus neeg laus yog qhov phom sij li cas? Ua ntej tshaj plaws, qhov cuam tshuam rau kev noj qab haus huv. Thiab txoj kev uas nws nkag mus rau hauv lub cev plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv qhov teeb meem no - los ntawm cov mucous daim nyias nyias ntawm lub ntsws thiab lub ntsws. Qhov no yog txoj kev "ceev tshaj plaws" kom xa cov khoom muaj nyob hauv cov pa luam yeeb. Cov tshuaj lom, tshuaj lom neeg, cov hlau hnyav sib sau ua ke hauvlub cev, ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov kabmob hauv nruab nrog cev (tsis yog lub ntsws xwb).

Kev haus luam yeeb txaus ntshai dab tsi rau lub xeev ntawm cov hlab plawv? Kev tshawb fawb raws li kev txhawb nqa ntawm WHO tau ua kom tsim tau ib qho qauv ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm atherosclerosis thiab haus luam yeeb (nrog rau kev siv cawv ib txhij). Cov tshuaj hauv cov pa luam yeeb ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov paj hlwb ntawm lub plawv, uas ua rau vasospasm thiab atherosclerosis. Muaj ntau zaus ntawm atrial fibrillation vim kev haus luam yeeb.

Ib yam kab mob rau cov neeg haus luam yeeb yog txoj cai ventricular hypertrophy, uas ua rau pulmonary-txoj cai ventricular tsis ua haujlwm.

Kev haus luam yeeb rau lub ntsws yog dab tsi? Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog mob bronchitis, uas feem ntau hloov mus rau hauv daim ntawv asthmatic. Hauv cov neeg sawv cev ntawm kev haus luam yeeb ntawm tib neeg, qhov muaj peev xwm kis tau tus kab mob tau nce 2-4 zaug. Rau qhov no peb tuaj yeem ntxiv qhov hloov pauv hauv cov qauv ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm mob qog noj ntshav bronchial.

Kev haus luam yeeb puas rau lwm yam kabmob? Kev ua kom rov zoo ntawm ntau yam tshuaj lom hauv lub cev tau cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plab, endocrine system, kev hloov pauv hauv cov tshuaj hormones, lub xeev ntawm lub paj hlwb, kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb, lub xeev ntawm cov pob txha (mineralization txo thiab qhov hnyav poob.). Tsis muaj lub cev uas tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm kev haus luam yeeb.

Qhov kev phom sij ntawm kev haus luam yeeb yog dab tsi, cov neeg uas nyob ze cov neeg haus luam yeeb sim tawm tsam ntau heev? Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov pa luam yeeb los ntawm cov luam yeeb sib txawv ntawm cov pa luam yeeb hauv puffs. Nyob rau hauv thawj, muaj ob zaug ntau yam khoom sib txawv, yog li passive inhalation ntawm cov pa luam yeebib sab ntawm tus neeg haus luam yeeb yog sib npaug peb luam yeeb.

Nws yog qhov tseeb vim qhov saturation ntawm cov pa luam yeeb nrog ntau yam tshuaj lom uas tuaj yeem ua rau hnoos, mob taub hau, nce ntshav siab, thiab exacerbation ntawm cov kab mob ntev hauv cov neeg tsis haus luam yeeb. Hauv tsev neeg ntawm cov neeg haus luam yeeb, cov neeg tsis haus luam yeeb muaj 20% feem ntau yuav mob qog noj ntshav, thiab yog tias ib tus txheeb ze haus luam yeeb ntau hauv ib hnub, qhov kev pheej hmoo yuav nce mus txog 70%.

Kev haus luam yeeb thiab poj niam - yav tom ntej puas ua tau?

Kev lag luam yeeb yaj kiab tawv ncauj siv cov duab ntawm tus poj niam haus luam yeeb. Qhov no, feem ntau, cuam tshuam rau kev txiav txim siab tus kheej ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas. Qhov kev txwv tsis pub tshaj tawm "zaum" ntawm kev haus luam yeeb hauv cov xov xwm loj yog qhov tseeb los ntawm qhov tseeb tias kev haus luam yeeb provokes infertility ntawm cov poj niam. Lub xeev cov koom haum txiav txim siab qhov tseeb no yog ib qho kev hem thawj rau cov xwm txheej pej xeem. Vim li cas kev haus luam yeeb txaus ntshai thaum cev xeeb tub? Ib qho kev cia siab ncaj qha ntawm ntau tus kab mob ntawm cev xeeb tub ntawm kev paub ntawm tus neeg haus luam yeeb tau tsim. Ntau tus poj niam sim txiav luam yeeb thaum lawv pom tias lawv cev xeeb tub. Tab sis nws yog qhov txaus ntshai ua qhov no thaum lub sijhawm no - cov kev ua no ua rau muaj kev nchuav menyuam los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntshav thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm "tawg" tsis ua haujlwm. Yog hais tias ib tug poj niam muaj kev txaus siab rau kev noj qab haus huv cov xeeb ntxwv, tso luam yeeb yuav tsum tshwm sim ib xyoos lossis ob xyoos ua ntej kev xeeb tub.

Kev haus luam yeeb thaum cev xeeb tub yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg nrog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tsim txom cov tshuaj nicotine hauv tus menyuam mos, ntau yam kev loj hlob, kev loj hlob ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab, nrog rau kev pheej hmoo ntxivperinatal tuag txog 28%.

Eysenck kev soj ntsuam

Hans Jurgen Eysenck, uas yog ib feem ntawm nws txoj haujlwm tshawb fawb, qhia tias kev haus luam yeeb thiab mob ntsws cancer yog cov tsos mob ntawm ib qho ntawm tus cwj pwm tsis zoo, ntxiv rau, ntawm caj ces keeb kwm. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias tus tswv ntawm qhov teeb meem no tsis tas yuav haus luam yeeb thiaj li yuav tau mob qog noj ntshav (qhov no yog ib hom kab mob genetic predisposition). Nws yog txaus rau cov neeg zoo li no "peck ntawm cov kab ntawm kev haus luam yeeb propaganda" txhawm rau pib cov txheej txheem kab mob twb tau kos rau hauv lawv.

Tab sis cov kws tshawb fawb tsis kam lees txais lub xeev no thiab liam tus kws tshawb fawb txog qhov tseeb.

Nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, "kev haus luam yeeb ntawm cov luam yeeb thiab luam yeeb zoo" tau txhawb nqa los ntawm (mangled) Eysenck txoj kev xav, ntsiag to txog vim li cas kev haus luam yeeb yog qhov txaus ntshai rau tib neeg. Tshem tawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus, tus kws tshawb fawb cov kab lus hais txog kev haus luam yeeb thiab mob qog noj ntshav hauv cov xwm txheej no tsuas yog ua pov thawj rau qhov tsis paub ntawv ntawm cov ntawv sau tseg thiab tsis kaw cov lus nug txog cov txiaj ntsig lossis kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev haus luam yeeb.

Nyob hauv kaw

Txhua tus neeg xaiv rau nws tus kheej txoj kev ua neej, kev coj cwj pwm thiab kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig nws tsis raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev tsis saib xyuas ntawm ib tus neeg. Yog tias ib tug pej xeem haus luam yeeb, ces nws tsuas yog yuav tsum tau ua yam tsis muaj kev phom sij rau cov neeg tsis haus luam yeeb. Thiab feem ntau heev qhov opposite tshwm sim. Tab sis, raws li kev xyaum qhia, hom egoism no tuaj yeem kho tau, txawm tias tsis yog los ntawm txoj kev nrov heev.