Kev kho dej khib nyiab: txheej txheem, nta thiab cov tswv yim

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Hnub no, muaj tshuaj-lub cev, kho tshuab thiab tshuaj lom neeg pov tseg. Lawv txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem hauv qab lawv, nrog rau cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis. Cia peb xav ntxiv seb cov txheej txheem kev kho dej khib nyiab muaj dab tsi.

cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

Cov dej khib nyiab yog siv los ua cov khoom siv rau kev lag luam dej. Rau kev siv hauv kev lag luam, lawv yuav tsum tau txais kev cob qhia tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm nws, dej khib nyiab yog ntxuav los ntawm mechanical impurities. Rau qhov no, cov chaw tshwj xeeb yog siv. Lawv txawv ntawm cov qauv thiab lwm yam tsis.

Nyob ntawm cov qauv

Siv rau lim:

1. Mechanical screens rau kev kho dej khib nyiab.
2. Sand traps.
3. Membrane elements.
4. Pib tso dej tso dej.
5. Septic tanks.

Cov qauv no yog siv nyob rau hauv ib ntus.

Txoj kev tshwj xeeb ntawm kev kho dej khib nyiab

Thaum thawj theem, kev kaw lojCov kab mob ntawm cov ntxhia thiab organic keeb kwm. Grids yog siv rau qhov no. Sieves yog siv rau qhov siab tshaj plaws tshem tawm ntawm coarse ntsiab. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub qhov hauv qhov grate yog 16 hli. Cheebtsam tuav los ntawm nws yog raug rau crushing. Tom qab ntawd lawv raug xa mus nrog cov sludge los ntawm cov chaw kho mob rau kev ua haujlwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom sib cais tuaj yeem raug coj tawm mus rau qhov chaw ntawm kev lag luam thiab cov khoom pov tseg hauv tsev. Tom qab thawj filtration, cov effluents yog dhau los ntawm cov xuab zeb ntxiab. Cov khoom me me ntawm cov pa phem tau tawm ntawm no. Qhov no, tshwj xeeb, yog qhov tawg ntawm iav, slag, xuab zeb, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, lawv nyob. Tom qab ntawd cov roj ntxiab tau koom nrog. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov chaw no, cov tshuaj hydrophobic raug tshem tawm ntawm cov dej ntws los ntawm flotation. Cov xuab zeb tso tawm thaum lub sij hawm dhau los ntawm cov xuab zeb ntxiab feem ntau yog khaws cia thiab tom qab ntawd siv hauv kev ua haujlwm. Rau kev pom tob dua, cov khoom siv membrane yog siv. Cov thev naus laus zis no tau dhau los ua qhov dav heev. Kev kho cov dej khib nyiab los ntawm cov txheej txheem membrane kom rov qab cov ntaub ntawv raw rau lub voj voog ntau lawm.

Txoj Kev Txiav Txim

Kev kho dej khib nyiab los ntawm txoj kev no tuaj yeem siv tau, piv txwv li, txhawm rau tshem tawm cov khoom raug tshem tawm. Kev lim dej tuaj yeem teeb tsa hauv ob txoj hauv kev. Thawj qhov kev siv cov pa phem hauv lub ntiajteb txawj nqus. Nyob rau hauv nws cov cawv, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev daws, tshem tawm hais nyob rau hauv qab. Lwm txoj kev koom nrogsiv lub zog centrifugal. Kev kho cov dej khib nyiab los ntawm cov txheej txheem no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov ntsiab lus tsis sib xws, qhov loj ntawm qhov ntau tshaj li ob peb puas millimeters. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev npaj raw cov ntaub ntawv rau rov qab siv nyob rau hauv ntau lawm, kho tanks ntawm ib tug multistage hom yog feem ntau siv. Ib nrab lim cov ntaub ntawv raw ntawm ib theem yog pub rau tom ntej los ntawm kev siab.

flotation

Kev kho dej khib nyiab los ntawm txoj kev no suav nrog kev hloov cov pa phem rau saum npoo nrog kev pab los ntawm huab cua npuas. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm flotation, npuas formations tshwm. Cov khoom qias neeg uas muaj nyob hauv lawv tau raug tshem tawm tom qab los ntawm kev siv cov scrapers. Huab cua npuas tuaj yeem tau txais mechanically. Rau qhov no, nozzles lossis turbines, electroflotation, thiab lwm yam.

Kev siv cov khoom ntxeem tau

Txoj kev no yog nyob deb tshaj plaws. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntxeem tau, cov seem ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab kho cov dej khib nyiab tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm. Thaum lim, meshes lossis cov khoom siv ntawm cov qauv tshwj xeeb yog siv. Txoj kev no muaj feem cuam tshuam rau cov xwm txheej uas yuav tsum tau siv cov dej rov siv dua.

Ntxhais xuab zeb

Los ntawm cov kav dej phwj tuaj, cov dej khib nyiab ntws mus rau hauv sieves thiab grate. Ntawm no lawv yog lim. Cov khoom loj - chav ua noj khib nyiab, rags, ntawv, thiab lwm yam - yog tuav. Tom qab ntawd, lawv raug muab tshem tawm thiab muab tshem tawm rau nruab nrab thiab tshuaj tua kab mob. Cov lim dej lim tau xa mus rau cov xuab zeb ntxiab. Lawv txhais tau tiaslos tiv thaiv sedimentation tso tsheb hlau luam los ntawm kev sib kis nrog cov pob zeb hauv av. Sand trap designs yuav txawv. Nws nyob ntawm qhov ntim ntawm cov dej ntws tawm. Cov xuab zeb ntxiab tuaj yeem yog ntsug thiab kab rov tav, nrog rau cov slotted. Thawj ob hom yog siv rau hauv cov dej phwj tuaj kho cov nroj tsuag, thiab cov kawg yog siv hauv cov kwj dej. Ntsug thiab kab rov tav xuab zeb ntxiab yog ntsia tau yog tias qhov ntim ntawm cov khoom siv raw yog ntau tshaj 300 m 3/ hnub. Xuab zeb ntxiab yog ua nyob rau hauv ob seem. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog kom nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev kho ib feem, qhov thib ob tuaj yeem ua haujlwm. Hauv cov qauv kab rov tav, cov txheej txheem ntawm sedimentation ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av tshwm sim thaum cov kua txav ntawm qhov ceev ntawm 0.1 m / sec. Nyob rau hauv ntsug xuab zeb ntxiab, tso tawm ntawm impurities yog nqa tawm thaum lub effluents sawv. Qhov ceev ntawm cov kua txav hauv qhov no yog 0.05 m / sec.

Lawv suav hais tias yog qhov tseem ceeb, thiab yog li feem ntau ntawm cov chaw pom. Cov tso tsheb hlau luam tuaj yeem muab rau kab rov tav lossis ntsug ntawm dej. Nrog lub ntim loj ntawm cov khoom siv raw, cov chaw ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua yog siv. Yog hais tias cov dej ntws hauv ib hnub tsis ntau tshaj 50 txhiab m3, ntsug sedimentation tank yog siv. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov qauv no yog ua raws li hauv qab no. Cov dej ntws tau coj los ntawm cov yeeb nkab hauv nruab nrab mus rau qhov qis ntawm cov qauv. Cov kwj deg tawm mus rau qhov khoom sau thiab qhov hluav taws xob. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm lifting, cov ntsiab lus nrog ib tug loj lub ntiajteb txawj nqus poob tawm ntawm dej. Radial-type sedimentation tanks kuj siv rau kev pom.

Specificityprocessing

Kev lag luam siv cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab theem nrab. Qee qhov raug ntsia rau pem hauv ntej ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg pom, lwm tus, raws li, kom paub meej cov dej ntws tom qab lawv. Secondary clarifiers kuj hu rau. Yog hais tias lub struts muaj peev xwm coj cov effluents mus rau lub cev dej, ces ib tug tank rau tshuaj tua kab mob yuav tsum tau muab nyob rau hauv lub filtration tswvyim. Suspensions cais nyob rau hauv thawj sump rot. Lub resulting loj yog qhuav rau ntawm qhov chaw tshwj xeeb, thiab ces siv raws li kev ua liaj ua teb chiv.

Aerators thiab biocoagulators

Cov chaw no yog tsim los rau kev kho tshuaj tsis muaj tshuaj lom neeg tsis huv nrog cov sludge ntau dhau los ntawm kev tshuab dej nrog cua compressed. Aerators yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub tso tsheb hlau luam, nyob rau hauv uas partitions yog ntsia, ncua txoj kev ntawm kev txav ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv. Cov qauv no ua rau muaj kev nce qib ntawm kev nthuav dav, tshem tawm cov kua roj. Nyob rau hauv aerators, txhua yam kev kho ntawm oily khib nyiab yog feem ntau nqa tawm. Cov chaw no tseem npaj cov ntaub ntawv raw rau theem tom ntej ntawm kev pom. Aeration yog txheej txheem ntawm tshuab dej rau 10-30 feeb. Cua yog muab los ntawm cov ntxaij lim dej los yog qhib hauv cov kav dej. Biocoagulators yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug kab rov tav los yog ntsug settling tank nrog ib tug annular cheeb tsam thiab ib tug central compartment. Nws sib tov thiab tiv tauj ntau dhau activated sludge nrog dej. Txhawm rau txo cov cua ntws hauv cov ces kaum ntawm lub hauv paus chambersuav nrog 4 lub thawv duab peb sab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kab rov tav tso tsheb hlau luam nrog cov phaj lim tau teeb tsa ntawm qhov tob ntawm 2.5-3 m. Cov dej nkag mus rau hauv cov yeeb nkab hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub tais nkag.

Kev ua ntawm cov qauv

Cov khoom siv raw yog nkag mus rau hauv coagulator hauv qab qib ntawm cov phaj lim. Qhov no tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm clogging nrog cov khoom loj. Cov sludge concentration yog kwv yees li 7 g / l. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws cov nyiaj yuav tsum yog li 1% ntawm cov dej khib nyiab. Compressed cua yog nkag mus rau cov ntawv lim. Nrog nws cov kev pab, activated sludge yog tov nrog dej khib nyiab thiab khaws cia hauv kev ncua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov kev siv aeration yuav tsum tau khaws cia li ntawm 1.8-2 m 2/ h. Cov kua, kho nrog huab cua, pib txav mus los ntawm cov thawv ntim, uas tau teeb tsa ntawm cov ces kaum ntawm lub hauv paus chamber. Nws cov phab ntsa ntev dua li cov thawv ntim khoom. Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam annular ntawm lub coagulator ntawm sab nrauv thiab lub hauv paus chamber, ib tug suspended silt txheej yog tsim. Nws qib yuav nyob ntawm qhov ntws ntawm cov dej khib nyiab. Cov txheej txheem tshem tawm no pab txhawb rau coagulation, sib npaug ntawm qhov nce ntawm cov khoom siv raw thiab tshem tawm cov kev taw qhia ntawm ntsug txav ntawm cov kua.

Zaj lus

Kev tu tshuab yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev lag luam kev lag luam. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog heev, vim tias nws tso cai rau koj los npaj cov kua rau cov theem tom ntej ntawm kev pom. Nyob rau hauv tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum mechanical tu yuav tsum tsis saib xyuas. Lwm yamCov theem tom ntej ntawm kev pom yuav nyuaj dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub xub ntiag ntawm cov khoom loj ntawm cov kab mob tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov chaw kho mob lom. Qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, yuav suav cov nqi ntxiv rau kev kho lossis hloov khoom siv. Cov chaw lim dej yuav tsum raug xaiv raws li qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev lag luam, qhov ntim ntawm cov dej ntws tawm, nrog rau qhov xav tau rov siv cov dej kho.