HPP Cheboksarskaya: duab, keeb kwm, ib puag ncig cuam tshuam
HPP Cheboksarskaya: duab, keeb kwm, ib puag ncig cuam tshuam

Video: HPP Cheboksarskaya: duab, keeb kwm, ib puag ncig cuam tshuam

Video: HPP Cheboksarskaya: duab, keeb kwm, ib puag ncig cuam tshuam
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Keeb kwm ntawm Cheboksary HPP yog sib cuam tshuam nrog keeb kwm ntawm lub nroog uas nws tau tsim. Nws yuav zoo li xav tias peb tab tom tham txog Cheboksary (tom qab tag nrho, HPP yog Cheboksary). Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis yog li ntawd: Novocheboksarsk tau suav tias yog lub nroog ntawm cov kws tsim hluav taws xob. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob no yog ib feem ntawm txoj haujlwm loj loj, xeeb hauv xyoo pua dhau los. Tag nrho cov no thiab ntau ntxiv yuav tau tham tom qab.

Cheboksary HPP nyob rau saum kaum "Big Volga"

Nyob rau hauv lub ntuj xiav, nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm qhov xwm ntawm Chuvashia, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov cheeb tsam ntsuab, nyob rau hauv lub ntug dej ntawm lub Volga, ob peb kilometers ntawm lub peev ntawm lub koom pheej, lawv tsim lub Cheboksary. hydroelectric power station (hydroelectric power station) nyob rau hauv lub 30s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias ntau tshaj ib lub chaw nres tsheb tau npaj los tsim. Muaj ib qhov project "Big Volga", uas tau coj los ntawm ib tug xib fwb A. V. Chaplygin. Raws li txoj kev npaj, nws tau npaj los tsim ib lub kaum os hydroelectric chaw, ntawm lawv Cheboksary hydroelectric fais fab chaw nres tsheb (saib daim duab hauv qab no). Cov chaw nres tsheb yuav tsumlos koom tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub tsim hluav taws xob, tab sis kuj tsim tag nrho cov ua ke nyob rau hauv sib sib zog nqus txoj kev uas yuav txuas xws seas xws li Dawb, B altic, Dub thiab Caspian. Cov tsim kom huv si thiab tag nrho-Union tau npaj thiab ua tib zoo mus txog qhov kev ua tiav ntawm qhov project no.

HPP Cheboksary
HPP Cheboksary

The Great Volga Plan in action

Twb ua ntej xyoo 1940, 3 tawm ntawm 10 lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob tau tsim (Ivankovskaya, Uglichskaya thiab Rybinskaya chaw nres tsheb). Thiab lawv yuav tsim ntau dua. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov project yuav tsum raug ncua: Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj tau pib.

Nyob rau xyoo tom qab tsov rog, txoj haujlwm loj Volga tau hloov kho thiab hloov pauv tseem ceeb. Hloov chaw ntawm 10 lub chaw siv hluav taws xob, cov phiaj xwm tau tsim 13, uas yog, ntxiv rau peb qhov chaw nres tsheb twb tau tsim lawm, lawv tau npaj tsim 6 lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob ntxiv rau ntawm tus dej Volga, thiab 4 ntawm Kama. kab rau kev tsim kho tam sim ntawd tom qab Gorky, Volgograd thiab Kuibyshev chaw nres tsheb.

qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Cheboksary HPP rau ib puag ncig
qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Cheboksary HPP rau ib puag ncig

Plaub mais hauv qab Cheboksary

Nyob rau hauv lub 50s, Hydroenergoproekt (lub koom haum uas tsim txoj kev npaj) tau npaj ib txoj hauj lwm - los tsim lub Cheboksary hydroelectric fais fab chaw nres tsheb nyob rau hauv lub Pikhtulino cheeb tsam - nyob rau hauv nws kev sib raug zoo (qhov no yog ib tug conditional kab rov tav projection ntawm tus dej seem nyob rau hauv uas. cov dam Cheebtsam yog nyob). Txawm li cas los xij, cov phiaj xwm tsis tau muaj lub hom phiaj los ua kom tiav dua.

kaum ib mais hauv qab Cheboksary

Nyob rau hauv lub 60s, ceg ntawm Hydroenergoproekt nyob rau hauv Kuibyshev kho qhov kev xaiv ntawm kev sib raug zoo (Elnikovsky raug xaiv es tsis txhob ntawm Pikhtulinsky) thiab lub xub ntiag. Cov qauv tseem ceeb ntawm Cheboksary chaw nres tsheb, nrog rau kev kho kom haum rau theem ntawm lub reservoir (teeb ntawm 68 meters).

Kev tsim kho ntawm Cheboksary hydroelectric fais fab chaw nres tsheb
Kev tsim kho ntawm Cheboksary hydroelectric fais fab chaw nres tsheb

Lub Nroog Lub Zog

Ua ntej kev siv ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm Cheboksary hydroelectric fais fab chaw nres tsheb, lawv thawj zaug pib tsim lub chaw nyob tshiab nyob ze Cheboksary, ntawm ntug dej ntawm lub Volga. Ntawm lawv tus kheej, nws tau hu ua Sputnik, lub nroog me me uas nyob ib sab ntawm lub nroog. Tab sis nws tau loj hlob sai thiab nthuav dav, suav nrog cov zos nyob ib puag ncig. Los ntawm txoj kev, yog hais tias qhov kev sib hais haum pib tsim nyob rau hauv 1960, ces nws ruaj nws raws li ib tug lub nroog nyob rau hauv 1965. Lawv xav muab cov tub ntxhais hluas satellite lub npe Ilyichevsk, tab sis hloov lawv lub siab, thiab lub nroog los ua Novocheboksarsk (yog hais tias lub npe yog txhais los ntawm cov lus Chuvash, ces qhov no yog New Cheboksary). Tam sim no nws yog lub nroog loj thib ob hauv tebchaws tom qab lub peev.

Cheboksary HPP yees duab
Cheboksary HPP yees duab

Keeb Kwm Keeb Kwm

Vim qhov tseeb tias Novocheboksarsk tau nthuav dav nws cov ciam teb sai sai, nws yooj yim tsim nws tus kheej txoj kev tsim kho, uas tsis yog tsuas yog tsim thaj chaw nyob nrog cov vaj tse, tab sis kuj koom nrog kev tsim kho kev lag luam. Ntawm cov uas, tau kawg, Cheboksarskaya HPP yog nyob rau saum peb. Yog li ntawd, Novocheboksarsk feem ntau hu ua lub nroog ntawm lub hwj chim engineers. Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias txij li thaum lub founding ntawm Novocheboksarsk, keeb kwm ntawm lub nroog tau tsim nyob rau hauv parallel nrog lub keeb kwm ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb hydroelectric zog thiab intertwined nrog nws:

qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Cheboksary HPP rau ib puag ncig
qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Cheboksary HPP rau ib puag ncig
  • 1960 yog xyoo ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm Novocheboksarsk. Xyoo noLub koom haum Kuibyshev ntawm Hydroenergoproekt tab tom txhim kho kev hloov kho rau txoj haujlwm uas twb muaj lawm rau kev tsim kho Cheboksary HPP.
  • Hauv xyoo 1963, tag nrho cov kev hloov kho tau lees paub tias yog siv tau, vim tias txoj haujlwm tau tsim los hloov chaw tsim hluav taws xob hluav taws xob rau lub hom phiaj Elnikovsky (uas yog, qhov tseeb, rau yav tom ntej Novocheboksarsk.).
  • Xyoo 1965, Novocheboksarsk tau muab lub nroog xwm txheej.
  • Xyoo 1967, lub tuam tsev tswj hwm kev tsim kho thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob tau tsim. Kev tsim kho ntawm lub hydroelectric complex tau tshaj tawm tag nrho-Union.
  • Txij li xyoo 1968, thawj txoj haujlwm thiab kev npaj pib rau kev tsim kho ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau pib. Kev tsim kho tau qeeb me ntsis.
  • Tsuas yog xyoo 1973, kev npaj ua vaj tse tau ua tiav ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb yav tom ntej.
  • Nyob rau xyoo 1980, thawj qhov chaw faib khoom ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb fais fab dej (OSG) pib ua haujlwm.
  • Kev tsim kho ntawm Cheboksary hydroelectric fais fab chaw nres tsheb
    Kev tsim kho ntawm Cheboksary hydroelectric fais fab chaw nres tsheb
  • Lub Kaum Ib Hlis ntawm tib lub xyoo, Volga raug thaiv thiab ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv, thiab hnub kawg ntawm lub xyoo dhau los, thawj chav dej hluav taws xob tau tsim tawm ntawm qhov cim ntawm 61 meters (tawm ntawm qhov ua tau 68).
  • Los ntawm 1981 txog 1986, 17 chav dej ua haujlwm tau ua haujlwm.
  • Lub tsev dej hluav taws xob tau ua tiav los ntawm 1985, thiab kev tsim cov qauv tseem ceeb ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tau ua tiav los ntawm 1986.
  • Cheboksary HPP yees duab
    Cheboksary HPP yees duab

Cheboksary hydroelectric fais fab chaw nres tsheb yog keeb kwm muaj sia nyob, vim tias txoj kev loj hlob, kev ua haujlwm thiab lub neej ntawm chaw nres tsheb nthuav dav ua ntej lub qhov muag ntawm ib lub sijhawm, nws txoj haujlwm tsis muaj kev ntseeg tau txais txiaj ntsig tsis yog hauv Chuvashia nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj nyob hauv lub tebchaws tag nrho. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no hydroelectricmuaj teeb meem loj uas tau tshwm sim txij li hnub tsim kho thiab tseem tsis tau daws.

Rau caum yim metres

Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias, txawm tias cov haujlwm tau ua tiav thiab 35 xyoo ua haujlwm rau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm tsoomfwv thiab lub tebchaws, kev tsim kho ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb fais fab dej (Cheboksarskaya HPP) tseem tsis tau ua tiav, thiab nws tsis tau raug muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm. Yog vim li cas yog hais tias txawm niaj hnub no lub hydropower cog ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub theem ntawm reservoir ntawm 63 meters es tsis txhob ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau 68.

HPP Cheboksary
HPP Cheboksary

Muaj kev ntshai tsim nyog txav mus rau qib 68: qhov no yog qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm Cheboksary HPP rau ib puag ncig. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias kev nce qib ntawm lub reservoir yuav ua rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov teeb meem nyob rau hauv Chuvashia, lub koom pheej ntawm Mari El thiab lub Nizhny Novgorod cheeb tsam. Ntawm lawv yog qhov ua tau dej nyab ntawm qee thaj chaw, kev tsis zoo ntawm cov dej haus tsis zoo, kev puas tsuaj ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv, kev puas tsuaj ib puag ncig, kev puas tsuaj rau kev ua liaj ua teb thiab hav zoov complex. Tau 35 xyoos, hmoov tsis, qhov teeb meem no tsis tau daws.

Keeb kwm ntawm Cheboksary hydroelectric fais fab chaw nres tsheb
Keeb kwm ntawm Cheboksary hydroelectric fais fab chaw nres tsheb

Hnub no, tus tswv ntawm txhua qhov chaw ntawm Cheboksary hydroelectric fais fab nroj tsuag yog RusHydro.

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