Poj huab tais bee. Poj huab tais bee: yees duab, yug, piav qhia

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-15 14:11

Lub tsev menyuam tsuas yog poj niam hauv tsev neeg muaj peev xwm tso qe. Nws lub ntsiab txawv feature yog lub xub ntiag ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov me nyuam. Nws yog qhov zoo ntawm cov poj huab tais uas txiav txim siab cov khoom tsim tawm ntawm qhov khaus khaus, thiab yog li ntawd, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm apiary. Muaj ob peb hom xws li muv. Tib lub sijhawm, lub tsev menyuam tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm ob qho tib si tsim thiab ib txwm ua.

Role hauv tsev neeg

Qhov taw qhia tseem ceeb ntawm tus poj huab tais zoo yog cov qe nws nteg. Nws ncaj qha nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej no seb tsev neeg ntawm muv yuav muaj zog lossis qaug zog, thiab ntau npaum li cas zib ntab nws yuav sau rau lub caij ntuj sov. Tsuas yog cov neeg uas nteg tsawg kawg yog 2000 qe ib hnub twg yog suav tias yog poj huab tais zoo ntawm lub Hive. Thaum xaiv ib lub tsev menyuam, thawj qhov chaw (ntxiv rau qhov yug), xyuam xim rau nws qhov loj me. Nws ntseeg tau tias qhov hnyav dua li muv muaj, qhov zoo dua nws lub zes qe menyuam raug tsim. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov ntev ntawm lub plab feem ntau cuam tshuam rau kev tsim khoom ntawm lub tsev menyuam. Qhov ntsuas no siab dua, qhov zoo dua.

Tsis zoo licov neeg ua haujlwm, poj huab tais muv nyob (nws daim duab tuaj yeem pom hauv kab lus) ntev heev - txog li 5 xyoos. Txawm li cas los xij, poj huab tais feem ntau raug tso rau hauv khaus tsis pub ntau tshaj 2 xyoos. Qhov tseeb yog vim qhov hnyav hnyav, lub zes qe menyuam ntawm lub tsev menyuam tau sai heev, vim tias lawv poob ntau heev hauv kev tsim khoom.

Tus poj huab tais txawv ntawm lwm tus muv

Qe tso rau hauv Hive feem ntau ua los ntawm ib tus poj huab tais muv xwb. Tab sis qee zaum muaj ob lossis peb. Los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, cov muv no txawv feem ntau hauv lawv qhov hnyav. Hauv qhov no, tis ntawm lub tsev menyuam feem ntau muaj qhov ntev tib yam li cov muv zoo tib yam. Poj huab tais tuaj yeem tso ob qho tib si fertilized thiab unfertilized qe. Hauv thawj kis, cov neeg ua haujlwm tau rub tawm ntawm lawv, hauv qhov thib ob - drones.

Nyob zoo ntawm cov muv zoo li no yog lub Hive. Lawv tawm ntawm nws lub tsev menyuam tsis tshua muaj heev - tsuas yog nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thaum mating los yog thaum swarming. Nyob rau hauv lub Hive, poj huab tais yeej ib txwm nrog ib tug "retinue" - ob peb tus neeg ua hauj lwm muv. Cov tib neeg no raug zam los ntawm kev sau cov dej qab zib. Lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog pub mis rau tsev menyuam thiab tiv thaiv nws. Rau zaub mov, tus huab tais siv sijhawm me me hauv kev tso qe txhua ib nrab teev.

Yuav ua li cas yog poj huab tais bees

Cov hom kab nrov tshaj plaws ntawm muv nyob rau tom qab-Soviet qhov chaw yog:

• Central Russian;
• buckfast;
• Carpathian.

Xaiv ib hom tsiaj tshwj xeeb yuav tsum ua raws li qhov ntsuas huab cua ntawm thaj chaw tshwj xeeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tsim nyog coj mus rau hauv tus account tus yam ntxwv ntawm ntau yam nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm zib mu sau.

Central Russianbee

Poj huab tais ntawm cov tsiaj tshwj xeeb no feem ntau xaiv los ntawm beekeepers hauv ntau thaj tsam ntawm Russia. Lub ntsiab zoo ntawm Central Lavxias teb sab muv yog unpretentiousness, kab mob tsis kam, siab productivity thiab kuj tsis tshua muaj kub. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum txiav txim siab yuav cov poj huab tais nkaus xwb rau apiary, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov kab ntawm cov tsiaj no sau cov kua qab zib tsuas yog los ntawm cov paj ntawm ib qho tshwj xeeb. Central Lavxias teb sab poj huab tais muv hnyav txog 210 mg.

Bees Buckfast

Tsev neeg ntawm hom tsiaj no kuj ua tau zoo heev. Lawv yog bred tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Ukraine thiab Belarus. Buckfast poj huab tais muaj peev xwm tso tau ntau lub qe, thiab yog li ntawd cov cheeb tsam no yeej tsis muaj neeg ua haujlwm. Nws yog ib advisable mus pib bees ntawm no yug, nrog rau thaum lub zib mu collections nyob deb ntawm lub apiary. Cov neeg ua hauj lwm Buckfast tuaj yeem ya mus deb heev hauv kev tshawb nrhiav dej qab zib. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm no yug yog suav hais tias tsuas yog tsis muaj kev ruaj ntseg rau huab cua txias. Nyob rau sab qaum teb latitudes thiab txawm nyob rau hauv central Russia, kev yug me nyuam ntawm Buckfast ntau yam tsis zoo li yuav ua tau zoo.

Lub tsev menyuam ntawm hom no tuaj yeem hnyav txog 260 mg. Txawm hais tias tsis muaj kev ruaj ntseg rau qhov kub qis, Buckfast yog suav tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov muv niaj hnub no.

Carpathian bees

Cov tsiaj no yog yug los hauv Ukraine hauv toj siab ntawm Carpathians. Qhov txawv feature ntawm ntau yam xws li Carpathian muv yog nws adaptability rau lub caij ntuj sov luv luv thiab nquag los nag. Frosty winters cov tsev neeg nokuj zam tau zoo. Lub tsev menyuam ntawm Carpathian muv lays qe, nrog rau lub caij nplooj zeeg. Thiab yog li ntawd nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, tsev neeg mus loj heev. Qhov hnyav ntawm lub tsev menyuam ntawm no yug tuaj yeem ncav cuag 205 mg.

Dab tsi yog poj huab tais

Txawm li cas los xij cov beekeepers yug, yog Carpathian muv, Central Lavxias teb sab muv, Buckfast los yog lwm yam, tus huab tais nyob rau hauv lub Hive sai los yog tom qab yuav tsum tau hloov. Cov muv zoo li no tuaj yeem tsim tau ob qho tib si ib txwm muaj thiab tsim khoom.

Thawj kis, cov muv lawv tus kheej tsim ib lub xov tooj tshwj xeeb huab tais. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub qe ib txwm fertilized yog nteg nyob rau hauv lub cell. Txhawm rau kom tus poj huab tais txhim kho los ntawm cov larva hatched, cov muv pub nws tshwj xeeb nrog cov muaj koob muaj npe jelly. Cov khoom no muaj cov tshuaj hormones tshwj xeeb uas txhawb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub cev ntawm tus neeg.

Peb hom poj huab tais tuaj yeem ua tau zoo li qub:

Nyob zoo. Cov neeg zoo li no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub Hive thaum tus qub poj huab tais muv dheev tuag. Daim duab hauv qab no qhia meej txog cov txheej txheem rau kev tsim kho vaj ntxwv hlwb los ntawm muv tshaj ob peb qhov uas twb muaj lawm combs nrog larvae.

• Quet shift. Poj huab tais ntawm no ntau yam tshwm sim feem ntau nyob rau hauv khaus nrog ib tug qub poj huab tais uas yog tsis muaj peev xwm nteg ntau qe. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov neeg ua hauj lwm tsim 2-3 poj huab tais hlwb. Tus poj huab tais qub nteg qe rau hauv lawv, thiab cov muv puv lub hlwb nrog mis nyuj. Vim li ntawd, cov poj huab tais tshiab tau hatched.
• Swarm. Xws li poj huab tais tuaj tawm rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlavpoj huab tais hlwb ua los ntawm muv nyob rau hauv qab ntawm thav ntawv. Tus tshiab qe tso tus neeg tseem nyob hauv tsev, hos tus qub tawm nrog cov swarm.

Yuav kom paub qhov txawv ntawm huab tais los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm zoo tib yam, beekeepers siv lub cim tshwj xeeb rau poj huab tais muv. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov cuab yeej zoo li no rau poj huab tais ntawm Hive, koj tuaj yeem tso lub cim ci uas tsis ploj hauv lub hnub.

Swarm queens thiab cov neeg ntsiag to hloov pauv tau suav tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Fistulous kuj tuaj yeem ua tau zoo heev, tab sis hais txog kev tsim khoom, ob hom no feem ntau tseem me ntsis qis dua.

Txawm yog tus poj huab tais hnia cov muv li cas, tam sim ntawd tom qab nws tawm mus, nws pib nrhiav kev sib tw nrog lawv. Thaum kawg, tsuas yog ib qho, tus poj huab tais uas muaj zog tshaj plaws nyob hauv lub Hive. Ob tug poj huab tais tuaj yeem nyob sib haum xeeb hauv ib tsev neeg tsuas yog thaum hatched los ntawm txoj kev ua haujlwm ntsiag to. Qhov no, tus laus nteg qe tib lub sij hawm thaum tus hluas tau qee lub sij hawm, ces cov muv tua nws.

Yuav ua li cas tso tawm

Txoj kev, Buckfast, Central Lavxias, Carpathian (thiab lwm yam) poj huab tais feem ntau yog bred siv cov thev naus laus zis no:

• Tus poj huab tais thiab txhua tus qhev qhib raug tshem tawm ntawm tsev neeg. Tsuas yog ib lub zuag xwb tshuav nyob rau hauv lub hneev nrog cov larvae thiab qe.
• Yuav kom cov neeg muaj peev xwm nteg qe, txiav hauv qab.
• Ob peb hnub tom qab, cov noob poj huab tais cog tau raug txiav tawm thiab muab tso rau hauv cov khaus khaus, thiab cov poj huab tais qub tau rov qab los rau tsev neeg.

Ib zaug muaj coob tus poj niam muaj peev xwm nteg qe tautxoj kev nrog hloov mus rau lub tais. Qhov no yog ib qho nyuaj thev naus laus zis, thiab nws yog siv tsuas yog hauv cov liaj teb loj beekeeping. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub larvae yog pauv mus rau lub prefabricated ciab tais thiab pub nrog mis nyuj. Cov poj huab tais tau txais txoj hauv kev no suav tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws.

Drone poj huab tais

Qee lub sij hawm nws tshwm sim tias huab tais muv ntawm lub Hive pib nteg tsuas yog unfertilized qe nyob rau hauv lub hlwb ntawm honeycomb, los ntawm cov drones tom qab hatched. Cov laj thawj ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub tsev menyuam hauv tsev neeg tuaj yeem sib txawv:

• huab cua phem tiv thaiv flyby;
• kev puas tsuaj rau tis;
• Yawg huab tais zoo li (ua ntej hatching drones).

Rau tag nrho cov laj thawj no, poj huab tais muv ntawm lub tsev tsuas yog nyob twj ywm tsis muaj menyuam. Qee lub sij hawm lub tsev menyuam zoo kuj dhau los ua tus drone. Qhov no tshwm sim vim qhov depletion ntawm tus neeg lub zes qe menyuam, kev tuag ntawm spermatozoa, los yog kev puas tsuaj rau lub qhov quav. Lub tsev menyuam drone, tau kawg, yuav tsum tau hloov. Txwv tsis pub, cov muv colony yuav tsuas tuag.

Kev cog qoob loo

Yog tus qub poj huab tais raug tshem tawm ntawm lub tsev, tom qab ib pliag cov muv yuav pib yug me nyuam tshiab. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis yog yuav tsum tau tos lwm tus poj huab tais kom tshwm sim. Koj tuaj yeem sau lub tsev menyuam los ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb hatchery. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tus tshiab Hive poj huab tais yuav ntawm guaranteed zoo. Lub tsev menyuam tau cog rau hauv tsev neeg, feem ntau yog nrog kev pab los ntawm lub cell tshwj xeeb. Tus neeg tau txais yog muab tso rau hauv nws thiab ntsia hauv lub Hive. Tib lub sijhawm, cov lauslub tsev menyuam tau raug tshem tawm yav dhau los. Orphaned muv feem ntau lees txais poj huab tais tshiab yooj yim.