Nqa poj huab tais muv: cov xwm txheej, txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws thiab txoj hauv kev

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Nyob rau hauv beekeeping, yug poj huab tais yog ib qho ntawm cov kev txawj ntse tshaj plaws. Yog li ntawd, nws txoj kev kawm yuav tsum tau ua tiag tiag. Muaj txawm tias tag nrho kev lag luam hu ua matkovodstvo. Yog tias koj tab tom yuav ua tus apiary, koj yuav tsum paub koj tus kheej nrog txhua tus yam ntxwv thiab subtleties ntawm beekeeping.

Yuav tsum tau rau bee colonies

Koj yuav tsum tau nyeem kom meej. Yog tias koj txaus siab rau kev yug me nyuam, ces koj yuav tsum tau kawm txog qee yam tswv yim. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem pib nrog kev xaiv tsev neeg. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm txhua tus xeeb ntxwv yuav nyob ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov niam txiv, poj huab tais thiab drones. Cov tub ntxhais hluas muaj lub luag haujlwm rau kev tsim khoom ntawm tsev neeg. Yog vim li ntawd lawv thiaj muab qhov tseem ceeb. Koj yuav tsum xaiv cov poj huab tais los ntawm cov neeg noj qab haus huv tshaj plaws, muaj zog thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no yuav muaj tshwm sim. Cov kws tshawb fawb uas tau koom nrog beekeeping rau ib ntev lub sij hawm hais tias nws muaj peev xwm yug me nyuam huab tais ntawm lawv tus kheej txawm nyob rau hauv me me apiaries.

Txoj Cai Xaiv

Nws tsim nyog hais txog qhov tseem ceeb:

1. Ntxhais tsev neeg ua ntej.
2. Cold tolerance.
3. Tsev neegyuav tsum muaj zog thiab kav ntev.
4. Zoo muv noj qab nyob zoo thiab muaj kab mob tiv taus.

Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm txhua tsev neeg hauv apiary tuaj yeem pom hauv daim ntawv teev npe. Txhua tus neeg saib xyuas lub luag haujlwm yuav tsum muaj cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no.

pib qhov twg?

Nyob kum xeeb yuav tsum tau npaj txog ib xyoos ua ntej yuav yug. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv dag zog rau tsev neeg ua ntej lub caij ntuj no. Ib qho kev tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau ua: xyuas qhov zoo ntawm cov zib ntab uas tsim los ntawm tsev neeg, ntxuav thiab tua kab mob, muab cov muv txhawb kev hnav khaub ncaws saum toj kawg nkaus thiab yog li tiv thaiv qhov ntswg, thiab tseem muab cov zaub mov uas tsis crystallize.

Nws tsim nyog hais tias ib tug neeg yuav tau ntau tshaj li zib mu los ntawm muv. Niaj hnub no, muv khoom xws li siv quav ciab, propolis, perga, muaj koob muaj npe jelly, thiab muv venom yog dav siv. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, ua ntej yug me nyuam poj huab tais hluas, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los hloov cov neeg laus thaum kawg overwintered nrog cov muv tshiab. Ua li no, koj yuav ua tau kom cov tub ntxhais hluas tua tsis muaj menyuam ntsuag tsev neeg.

Ua tiav cov txheej txheem hloov nrog qhov pib ntawm lub hli dhau los ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav. Yog hais tias kab yog ntxiv txhawb los ntawm kev pub noj tshwj xeeb, muaj cov proteins thiab carbohydrates. Koj tseem tuaj yeem txhim kho cov kab mob nyob. Nws tseem tsim nyog txhim kho cua tiv thaiv los yog insulating lub Hive. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj yuav tsum muab lub tsev muv tawm ntawm qhov chaw wintering thaum ntxov. Thaum koj tau hloov tag nrho cov qub poj huab tais nrog cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab tau kaw cov brood, koj yuav tsum taupib tsev neeg. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, nws yog lawv leej twg yuav koom nrog kev kawm ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas larvae. Raws li kev paub txog beekeepers, ib cheeb tsam tshiab yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 2.5 kg ntawm muv, 11 kg ntawm zib mu thiab 4 thav ntawv ntawm perga.

YYuav ua li cas yug drones?

Nyob yug me nyuam yuav tsum suav nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev yug me nyuam drones. Cov txheej txheem no feem ntau yog ua los ntawm beekeepers nyob rau hauv thawj hnub tom qab tsiv cov khaus los ntawm qhov chaw wintering. Ib qho twg hauv ib hlis, kev puberty tshwm sim. Rau kev tshem tawm ntawm drones, nws raug nquahu kom xaiv qhov zoo tshaj plaws colonies los ntawm tag nrho cov apiary. Lub zes nyob rau hauv xws li ib tsev neeg yuav tsum tau nqaim kom tsawg kawg nkaus. Tsuas yog cov thav ntawv uas tau nyob los ntawm muv qhob cij thiab zib ntab nyob hauv lub Hive. Yog li ntawd, poj huab tais yuav tsis muaj peev xwm nteg qe. Tom qab ntawd, drone honeycombs yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv apiaries qhov chaw yug me nyuam yog systematically nqa tawm, tshwj xeeb tawb nrog insulators yuav siv tau. Feem ntau lawv muab tso rau ntawm txhua tus ncej. Lub drone combs yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv qhov cais tawm thaum nws nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub zes. Kwv yees li 4 hnub tom qab, tus poj huab tais yuav nteg qe. Tom qab ntawd lub insulator yuav tsum tau tsiv mus rau lub zej zog zes thiab tshiab combs muab tso rau hauv. Txhua txhua hnub, ib tsev neeg uas drones yog hatched yuav tsum tau noj nrog qab zib phoov thiab zib mu satiety. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ntxiv dag zog rau tsev neeg nrog thav ntawv nrog cov tub.

Tshem poj huab tais: cov lus qhia ua ntu zus

Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no, koj yuav tsum ua raws li cov lus pom zoo. Ua ntej yug me nyuam huab tais los ntawm kos, ib tug inexperienced beekeeper yuav tsum kawm cov lus qhia. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem pib nrog kev rho tawm ntawm ib qho thaiv, uas yog cais los ntawm tsev neeg tseem ceeb los ntawm Hahnemannian lattice. Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum txav tus ncej nrog tus poj huab tais nyob ntawd. Yuav tsum muaj txog plaub lub hauv paus no, ob tug nrog qhib brood thiab ib khub coverts. Tus poj huab tais yuav tsum tau nyob rau ntawd ib pliag kom so. Ib lub lim tiam yuav txaus. Tom qab ntawd, plaub lub thav duab ntxiv nrog cov brood ntawm lwm tsev neeg tau muab tso rau ntawd. Cov tsev neeg uas tau tshwm sim, thaum cov muv hluas raug tso tawm ntawm cov brood, yuav ua rau ntau tus poj huab tais hlwb. Qhov no yuav tshwm sim li ntawm 9 hnub.

Tom qab tsib hnub ntxiv, lwm tsev neeg kuj tau muab faib ua ob qhov sib npaug uas siv kev faib nrog Hahnemannian lattice. Qhov thaiv no yuav tsum tau siv ua txheej txheej rau 9 hnub. Lub sijhawm no, qhib brood yuav raug kaw. Tom qab ntawd, ib qho insulator yog tsim rau thawj thav duab. Rau qee lub sijhawm, sushi tshiab yuav tsum tau npaj los ntawm lub hauv paus. Koj tsis tas yuav sau cov zaub mov, tsuas yog dai rau hauv daim duab no.

Ib lub lis piam tom qab so, tus huab tais tuaj yeem hloov pauv mus rau hauv qhov khoob no. Muab lub Hahnemannian lattice rau ntawm ntug. Tom qab ntawd, tawm ntawm ib qho khoob nrog tus poj huab tais hauv niam tsev. Ntau lub qe yuav muab tso rau ntawm ib sab hauv ob peb hnub tom ntej. Plaub thav duab yuav tsum tau xa los ntawm niam lub Hive mus rau qhov khoom seem. Tom qab ntawd nws yuav muaj peev xwm hloov tus poj huab tais los ntawm cov insulator mus rau hauv lub Hive. Feem ntau, brood nrog muv thiab ib nrab ib liter dej kuj ntxiv rau lub honeycombs rau yug poj huab tais. Los ntawm cov insulator, cov hlwb raug tsiv mus rau ib chav uas muaj qhov kub thiab txias. Tom qab ntawd, nws yog txiav mus rau hauv ib daim hlab. Yuav tsum tau tsoo txhua obqe. Txhua feem peb yuav tsum sab laug. Yog li ntawd, niam cawv thiaj li iab.

Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum tau ua cov kab tshwj xeeb grafting. Honeycombs, pre-txiav rau hauv ib daim hlab, yog txuas rau lawv slats. Cov thav duab no yuav tsum tau muab faib ua ib txoj hauv kev uas lawv hloov nrog cov ib txwm muaj nyob hauv niam txiv tsev neeg. Txhawm rau ua kom tiav qhov kev loj hlob ntawm kab, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tso peb thav duab los ntawm poj huab tais cell nyob rau hauv qhov sib cais ua ntej. Tsis muaj qe nyob rau hauv lawv, txij li thaum tus poj huab tais tau tsiv tom qab muab faib. Ib tug grafting thav duab yog muab tso rau hauv txhua ib nrab ntawm cov khaus khaus. Tom qab ntawd, tsev neeg ntawm muv yuav loj hlob poj huab tais hlwb thiab coj lawv cov kua mis txaus. Ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv niam txiv tsev neeg. Hauv qhov khoob khaus qhov kawg koj yuav muaj txheej txheej. Lawv tuaj yeem hloov mus rau qhov chaw qhib 11 hnub tom qab tus poj huab tais tau muab tso rau hauv chav cais. Honeycombs yuav tsum tau txuas rau txhua txheej. Kaw poj huab tais hlwb yuav tsum tau txuas rau qhov khoob khaus. Cov niam txiv yuav tsum muab tso rau ntawm ob txheej. Poj huab tais hlwb yuav tsum khaws cia ua cov khoom seem.

Natural Ways

Kev yug me nyuam ntawm poj huab tais muv kuj tuaj yeem nqa tawm ib txwm muaj. Qhov no yog txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog uas tsev neeg ntawm kab yuav nyob rau hauv lub xeev swarm. Yog tias koj muab cov tsev neeg muaj kev nyab xeeb, cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem ua kom nrawm dua. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tso peb thav ntawv nrog cov brood nyob rau hauv Hive thiab npog lub tais. Barren structures yuav tsum tsis muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho. Nws tseem tsuas yog tos kom txog thaum huab tais cov hlwb raug tso. Ntawm lub moj khaum tshiab nws yog qhov tsim nyogdaim ntawv swb. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm txoj kev no yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem ua kom raug kwv yees qhov tso ntawm poj huab tais hlwb. Tsis muaj dab tsi tuaj yeem hais txog lawv qhov zoo.

Siv cov kab fistulous

Yuav ua li cas lwm tus poj huab tais yuav hatched? Cov txheej txheem yuav txawv. Kev siv fistulous poj huab tais muv tau dhau los ua dav. Lub ntsiab kom zoo dua ntawm txoj kev no yog tias cov kab tuaj yeem bred los ntawm ib hnub twg. Tam sim no, txoj kev no yog nrov heev ntawm beekeepers. Rau nws txoj kev siv, kab raug yuam kom ncua fistulous poj huab tais hlwb. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum xaiv ib qho chaw muaj zog, nrhiav tus poj huab tais hauv nws thiab hloov nws, nrog rau thav ntawv nrog brood, mus rau lub Hive tshiab. Bees yuav tsum tau shaken rau hauv nws nyob rau hauv ob peb thav ntawv. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tau txais ib tug tiav txheej. Nws tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv ib lub Hive cais. Yog tsis muaj poj huab tais, muv yuav nteg fistulous poj huab tais hlwb. Txawm li cas los xij, koj yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias lawv tsuas yog nyob ntawm cov larvae paub tab. Qhov zoo ntawm cov poj huab tais tau txais txoj hauv kev no yog qhov zoo dua li hauv thawj txoj kev piav qhia.

tawm tswv yim

Nov yog ib txoj kev nthuav heev. Yuav ua li cas tshem tawm cov poj huab tais ua los ntawm tes? Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum coj lub thav duab nrog cov qe thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas los ntawm tsev neeg muaj zog tshaj plaws. Los ntawm saum toj no, txiav ib lub qhov nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 3 mus rau 4 centimeters. Tag nrho cov phab ntsa qis ntawm qhov txiav yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm. Nws yog txaus kom tawm tsuas yog ob larvae. Tom qab ntawd muab tus ncej rau hauv qhov chaw. Tom qab ob peb hnub, koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas lub bookmark. Txiavfistulous poj huab tais hlwb tuaj yeem pib thaum cov muv nteg tus nqi tsim nyog. Yog tias koj tsis pom lawv, feem ntau yuav muaj qee yam tsis raug. Lub insemination ntawm poj huab tais muv yuav tsum mus yam tsis muaj teeb meem. Txoj kev no tso cai rau koj kom tau txais cov khoom zoo.

Muaj lwm txoj kev, siv uas koj tuaj yeem nqa tawm ntawm huab tais tshem tawm. Lawv siv thaum tsim nyog rau ib txhij tau txais 5-10 kab. Ua li no, tus poj huab tais yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv ob-ncej insulator nyob rau hauv ib tug noj qab nyob zoo muv colony. Ntawm no nws kuj yog ib qho tsim nyog los muab ib lub thav duab nrog cov hlwb rau kev tso thiab brood. Kaw tag nrho cov qauv los ntawm saum toj no nrog thav ntawv. Yog li cov poj huab tais tsis tuaj yeem tawm mus. Lub insulator yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub thav duab thiab cov brood. Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog los tsim ib lub nucleus. Nws muaj peb thav ntawv nrog zib mu thiab sushi. Cov tib neeg yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau qhov ntawd thiab lub tsev menyuam yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov kev cais tawm. Nqa tus ncej nrog tus menyuam mus rau hauv tsev. Tom qab ntawd, tom qab ob peb hnub, koj yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas lub cim thiab tshem tawm tag nrho cov fistulous poj huab tais hlwb.

Lwm txoj kev

Peb tau piav qhia txog txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm kev hloov tus poj huab tais muv. Lawv yog cov nrov tshaj plaws ntawm beekeepers. Lwm txoj hauv kev feem ntau yog ua raws li cov lus hais saum toj no. Nws tseem tuaj yeem hatch poj huab tais yam tsis hloov cov larvae.

Txoj Cai rau kev txhim kho

Yog koj xav tau tus poj huab tais zoo rau kev yug tsiaj, ces koj yuav tsum tau yuav nws tsuas yog los ntawm beekeepers zoo. Ua ntej yug me nyuam, nws yuav tsum tau tso cai so rau ob peb hnub, cais nws ntawm cov muv nquag. So ntawm lub tsev menyuamyuav tsim cov qe loj. Qhov ntsuas kub hauv qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 32 degrees, thiab cov av noo yuav tsum yog 75-90%. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los faib cov poj huab tais cov hlwb sib npaug ntawm cov tsev neeg sib txawv. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau lawv loj hlob thiab muab cov noob nom noob tswv jelly. Nws raug nquahu kom npaj cov txheej txheem loj hlob hauv ib nrab ntawm cov khaus khaus, uas tom qab ntawd yuav siv los ua txheej txheej.

Yuav ua li cas xaiv lub sijhawm rau hatching?

Yog tias koj tau xaiv ib txoj hauv kev thiab tsim txhua yam tsim nyog rau kev yug me nyuam huab tais, koj yuav xav tau daim ntawv qhia hnub tshwj xeeb. Siv nws, koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab thaum twg nws tsim nyog los ua cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau koj ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig siab tshaj plaws.

Kashkovsky method

yog dab tsi? Kev tshem tawm ntawm poj huab tais raws li txoj kev Kashkovsky tso cai rau koj kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig siab tshaj plaws hauv lub sijhawm luv. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws pab daws qhov teeb meem swarming los ntawm kev hloov huab tais txhua xyoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev muab rau kev nthuav dav ntawm qhov khaus khaus. Cov tsev neeg nquag mus rau swarming yog culled. Txoj kev no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog dav hauv Siberia.

Zaj lus

Hauv qhov kev tshuaj xyuas no, peb tau tshuaj xyuas cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb rau kev yug me nyuam. Thaum tsim cov xwm txheej zoo rau cov muv thiab ua raws txhua qhov kev xav tau, koj tuaj yeem ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo. Cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau Kemerovo thev naus laus zis, tseem hu ua kev tshem tawm ntawm poj huab tais siv txoj kev Kashkovsky. Nws suav nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm txhua tus poj huab tais. Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuab no tau lees paubntau yam kev tshawb fawb.