Daim ntawv ntoo: nws yog dab tsi

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Daim ntawv yog siv los ntawm tib neeg ntau heev. Ib tus neeg hauv ib xyoos suav txog ib puas thiab tsib caug kilograms. Los ntawm dab tsi thiab yuav ua li cas daim ntawv, nyeem kab lus.

History information

Ntev dhau los, nyob rau hauv 105 BC, Cai Lun, ib tug imperial kawm los ntawm Tuam Tshoj, ua ntawv los ntawm mulberry ntoo. Nws ua ib tug sib tov ntawm nws ntoo, hemp, rags, ntxiv ntoo tshauv thiab pw tag nrho tawm rau ntawm ib tug sieve kom qhuav. Tom qab ntawd nws polished lub qhuav qhuav nrog ib tug pob zeb.

Qhov tshwm sim yog daim ntawv los ntawm ntoo, thiab Suav eunuch Cai Lun tau los ua thawj tus sau nws cov thev naus laus zis. Yog li cov Suav xav. Tab sis cov kws tshawb fawb muaj kev xav txawv. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias archaeologists feem ntau pom cov ntaub ntawv hauv Suav teb uas hnub rov qab mus rau lub sijhawm dhau los.

Raw khoom

Daim ntawv yog tsim los ntawm cov ntoo ntoo, lwm cov nroj tsuag fibers: cane, mov, straw, hemp, nrog rau cov khib nyiab pov tseg, ntawv pov tseg thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv. Yuav kom tau txais cellulose, ntoo ntawm ntau hom ntoo yog siv. Ntoo pulp tuaj yeem tau txais ntau txoj hauv kev.

Kev lag luam tshaj plaws yog txoj kev siv tshuab. Ntawm lub tuam txhabwoodworking, ntoo yog crushed, crumb yog tau. Nws yog tov nrog dej. Daim ntawv los ntawm cellulose tau nyob rau hauv txoj kev no yog tsis yooj yim, cov ntawv xov xwm yog tsim los ntawm nws. Cov ntawv zoo yog tsim los ntawm cellulose, uas tau txais los ntawm kev siv tshuaj. Ua li no, me me chips yog txiav los ntawm ib tug ntoo beam. Nws yog txheeb los ntawm qhov loj me. Tom qab ntawd lawv yog immersed nyob rau hauv ib tug tov nrog tshuaj thiab boiled nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb tshuab. Tom qab ntawd, nws yog lim thiab ntxuav, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm uas tshaj impurities raug tshem tawm. Qhov no yog li cas cov ntaub ntawv raw tau txais, uas yog hu ua ntoo pulp. Nws yog siv los tsim cov ntawv rau cov ntawv xov xwm, phau ntawv, daim ntawv qhia, cov ntaub ntawv qhwv lub zog siab.

DIY sawdust paper

Sawdust los ntawm ntoo thuv lossis spruce yog nchuav nrog dej thiab boil rau ib hnub. Caustic soda yog ntxiv rau hauv dej. Nyob rau hauv qhov tsis muaj xws li, koj tuaj yeem siv baking soda. Tom qab boiling, lub sib tov yog ntxuav nrog dej thiab squeezed. Tom qab ntawd dua lub sawdust yog poured rau hauv ib lub lauj kaub dej thiab muab tso rau ntawm hluav taws. Thaum lawv boil, lub lauj kaub raug tshem tawm ntawm tshav kub, nws cov ntsiab lus yog crushed nrog ib tug tov khoom. Nws hloov tawm ib qho porridge zoo li qhov sib xws ntawm homogeneous sib xws.

Thaum sawdust boiling, ib tug ncej yog ua, muab tso rau ntawm ib lub pallet, gauze yog rub los ntawm nws. Cov huab hwm coj yog poured mus rau lub thav duab npaj thiab sib npaug faib thoob plaws tag nrho saum npoo. Cov dej ntau dhau yuav ntws mus rau hauv lub tais. Tab sis kom tshem tawm sai sai, nws yuav tsum tau blotted nrog absorbent so. Tom qab ntawd lub thav duab tig dua thiab daim ntawv tau txais los ntawm pawg tau yooj yim sib cais los ntawm nws.

Daim ntawv yuav tsum tau npogntawm ob sab nrog ntawv lossis ntawv xov xwm thiab muab tso rau nruab nrab ntawm cov laug cam, nias ib yam hnyav rau saum. Nyob rau hauv lub siab zoo li no, nws yuav tsum dag rau tsib feeb. Tom qab ntawd, daim ntawv yog ua tib zoo muab tso rau ntawm cov ntawv ci thiab ziab hauv lub hnub, hauv qhov cub, ze ntawm lub roj teeb.

Composition

ntawv ntoo yog tsim los ntawm cov ntoo pulp tau siv txoj kev tsim khoom siv tshuab. Qee zaum lwm yam khoom siv los ua lub hauv paus. Cov ntawv zoo li no tuaj yeem ua tau txawm tias nyob hauv tsev. Tab sis nws yuav tsis zoo.

Nyob rau hauv peb lub sijhawm, cellulose yog tsim tshuaj siv cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis. Yuav kom tau txais cov ntawv zoo, nws yuav tsum muaj cov khoom xyaw hauv qab no:

• Sizing yog hydrophobic, uas tiv thaiv tus number case los ntawm cov ntawv. Lawv tsis pom los ntawm sab nraub qaum ntawm daim ntawv. Rosin kua nplaum yog siv los ua sizing.
• Resin, kua nplaum lossis hmoov txhuv nplej siab. Ua tsaug rau cov tshuaj no, cov ntawv ntoo ua kom ruaj khov thiab tiv taus ntau yam cuam tshuam rau nws.
• Kaolin, talc lossis chalk ua rau daim ntawv tsis tshua muaj pob tshab, ua kom nws ntom.

Nyob ntoo

Nws tawv thiab mos. Thawj hom ntoo yog tau los ntawm cov ntoo coniferous: pines, fir, spruce, sequoia thiab hemlock. Cov ntoo mos yog tau los ntawm cov kab dav dav: beech, maple, poplar, birch, oak. Nyob rau hauv huab cua sov, teak, ebony thiab mahogany.

Daim ntawv los ntawm cov ntoo no muaj nuj nqis heev. Tab sis, hmoov tsis, lawv loj hlob qeeb. Lawvtxiav ntau tshaj qhov lawv yug dua tshiab. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov hav zoov, cov ntoo ntawm cov tsiaj muaj txiaj ntsig tau qis dua.

paper production today

Daim ntawv tiag tiag yog suav tias yog ib qho uas yog tsim los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, tus neeg fibers uas tau los ntawm soaking cellulose raw cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov loj yog thawj zaug tov nrog dej, thiab ces scooped tawm nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv uas lub mesh yog stretched. Tshaj dej ntws tawm, cov huab hwm coj dries, ib daim ntawv tau txais. Qhov no yog li cas tus pej xeem Suav Cai Lun tau txais nws thawj daim ntawv. Lub sijhawm no, txawm hais tias kwv yees li ob txhiab xyoo dhau los, tsis muaj kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb tau tshwm sim.

Hnub no, kev tsim cov ntawv yog nqa tawm hauv cov chaw tsim khoom niaj hnub nrog cov kev cob qhia loj, ntawm cov cuab yeej siv ntau yam haujlwm tau ua. Tom qab tau txais ntoo pulp, cov fibers yog zoo li tus thiab tsim, uas cov ntaub ntawv raw khoom yog tov nrog adhesives thiab resins. Cov kua nplaum tawm dej tawm ntawm daim ntawv thiab cov resin tiv thaiv tus number case los ntshav. Cov ntawv ntoo, cov duab uas tau nthuav tawm rau kev saib, tsis xav tau kev ua haujlwm li no rau kev luam ntawv, txij li tus number case luam ntawv tsis kis.

kauj ruam tom ntej yog xim xim. Ua li no, daim ntawv yog muab tso rau hauv ib tug tov nrog pigments los yog dyes. Tom qab ntawd cov hmoov nplej nkag mus rau hauv lub tshuab, uas yog hu ua lub tshuab ntawv. Tom qab tag nrho cov theem ntawm kev ua nyob rau hauv lub tshuab no, lub loj yuav ua tau ib daim ntawv yob daim kab xev, uas kis tau los ntawm ntau chais: ib tug wrings tawm dej, lwm yam dries daim kab xev, peb polishes.

Nyob rau theem tom ntej, daim ntawv xa mus rau ntub dejnias. Ntawm no cov fibers yog degreased thiab compacted ntau dua. Qhov tshwm sim yog cov ntawv ntoo qhuav qhuav, mob rau hauv cov yob loj, uas mus rau lub tsev luam ntawv. Nyob ntawd lawv raug txiav kom loj.