Cov ntaub ntawv thiab siv qhov system: hom thiab piv txwv. Dab tsi yog cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev siv tshuab?

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Kev nthuav tawm cov ntaub ntawv, nws ntxiv kev sau thiab ua tiav hauv lub neej niaj hnub no yog vim muaj peev txheej tshwj xeeb: tib neeg, nyiaj txiag, kev txawj ntse thiab lwm yam. Ntawm ib qho chaw, cov ntaub ntawv no tau sau rau hauv ib qho chaw, tsim qauv raws li cov txheej txheem ua ntej, ua ke rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb yooj yim rau kev siv. Cov ntaub ntawv system yog ib qho cuab yeej uas ua tiav cov ntaub ntawv tau txais. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm IS yog muab cov ntaub ntawv tshiab rau tib neeg. Hauv lwm lo lus, nws txaus siab rau qhov xav tau cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam ntawm qhov kev kawm. Cov khoom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv system yog cov ntaub ntawv arrays, cov txheej txheem databases, ntau hom ntaub ntawv. Ntxiv rau hauv tsab xov xwm, peb yuav txheeb xyuas ntau yam ntxiv txog lub hom phiaj, cov haujlwm thiab cov khoom ntawm cov qauv no.

Kev faib tawm

Information systems, hauvNyob ntawm seb hom kev ua cov ntaub ntawv lawv siv, lawv muab faib ua ob pawg. Thawj suav nrog cov qauv uas nws ua haujlwm tau ua raws li cov txheej txheem nyuaj. Cov tshuab no muaj peev xwm ua cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lawv tus kheej. Cov qeb no suav nrog, piv txwv li, cov khoos kas automated. Cov pab pawg thib ob suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev siv tshuab. Lawv tsis muaj cov txheej txheem ua cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj. Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv siv yog cov qauv uas muab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev thov tshwj xeeb. Nws yog tsim los tshawb nrhiav thiab xa cov ntaub ntawv sai sai hauv hom ntawv yooj yim.

Information and reference system. Feature

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv no yog sau, txheej txheem rau kev khaws cia ntxiv thiab muab cov ntaub ntawv rau cov neeg siv raws li qhov kev thov. Hom thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muab yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sau nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv repositories. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv thov yog raws li kev tshawb fawb sib koom ua ke hauv cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia (repositories) nrog rau lawv cov txheej txheem tom ntej rau hauv hom ntawv siv tau zoo. Cov ntaub ntawv thiab siv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev lag luam archival tso cai rau koj khaws thiab khaws cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov chaw sab nraud, cov neeg siv khoom. Cov piv txwv hauv qab no ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv siv tau tuaj yeem muab tau: cov ntaub ntawv hauv nroog, lub koom haum xa cov kev pabcuam, cov ntaub ntawv khaws cov ntaub ntawv hauv chaw khaws cia, thiab lwm yam.

Muaj ntau yam hauv cov qauv txiav txim siab. Maincov khoom uas cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv siv muaj xws li:

1. Shared cia.
2. Cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb uas hloov cov ntaub ntawv rau hauv hom nkag tau rau tus neeg siv khoom.
3. xov xwm xa xov channel.
4. Cov khoom tshwj xeeb (" hlwb" ntawm cov qauv, processor) uas ua cov ntaub ntawv ntws (ib pawg neeg lossis lub khoos phis tawj hluav taws xob).

Hom ntaub ntawv thiab siv tshuab

Muaj ob hom qauv: qhov tseeb thiab cov ntaub ntawv. Hauv thawj qhov xwm txheej, cov txheej txheem siv tau suav nrog cov txheej txheem raws li kev qhia dav dav ntawm qhov tseeb: lub npe ntawm cov txheej txheem, lub npe ntawm cov khoom, tus nqi ntawm qhov ntau, thiab lwm yam. Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub kaw lus xa cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia hauv nws daim ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv: kev cai lij choj, kev cai, ntawv pov thawj, thiab lwm yam. Qhov tseeb hom qauv sib txawv ntawm ib leeg nyob rau hauv complexity ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua. Cov hom yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuab no yog cov uas ua raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv koj tab tom nrhiav hauv koj qhov chaw cia khoom. Ntau cov tswv yim siv hauv lawv txoj haujlwm ua semantic ntawm cov ntaub ntawv lawv muaj. Yog li, lawv muaj peev xwm, piv txwv li, xaiv tsuas yog cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog (qhov tseeb, kab lus) los ntawm cov ntawv dav dav ntawm daim ntawv. Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv siv raws li kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ob hom tau txais daim ntawv thov zoo tshaj plaws: documentary-factual.

AISS: Description

Lub degree ntawm automation ntawm cov txheej txheem ua cov ntaub ntawv muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm txhua qhov kev pabcuam. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, automated cov kev pab cuam rau kev tshawb nrhiav, sau thiab tsim cov ntaub ntawv tau tsim thiab siv nyob txhua qhov chaw. Lawv raug tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob muaj zog. Ua tsaug rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev siv computers, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov kho thiab khaws cov ntaub ntawv tau yooj yim heev. Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm AISS feem ntau yog:

1. 

   Technical Cheebtsam. Qhov no yog lub khoos phis tawj nws tus kheej, ua lub hlwb ntawm cov qauv, ib txheej ntawm cov cuab yeej muaj feem xyuam uas muab cov ntaub ntawv tawm tswv yim, cov khoom siv uas tso cai rau tus neeg siv ua haujlwm nrog cov ntaub ntawv, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob khaws cov ntaub ntawv (disks, magnetic tapes, thiab lwm yam)..

2. Repository ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab software. Cov ntaub ntawv automated thiab siv qhov system thiab cov neeg siv khoom txuas nrog siv cov khoom siv txheem (teletypes). Lawv, nyob rau hauv lem, txuas ncaj qha mus rau lub computer siv xov tooj los yog xov tooj raws. Consoles nrog cov ntxaij vab tshaus built-in tau txais kev nyiam tshwj xeeb ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm qhov kev pab cuam yog tso tawm rau ntawm cov saib. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov consoles tau nruab nrog cov keyboard tshwj xeeb, los ntawm kev tswj hwm thiab kev tawm tswv yim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog tshwm sim.

AISS structure

Cov ntaub ntawv tsis siv neeg thiab siv qhov system yog raws li kev sib txuas ntau qhov chaw cia khoom. Lawv muaj tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov nocov qauv. Cov ntaub ntawv yog tsim nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev, coj mus rau hauv tus account tag nrho cov yuav tsum tau rau daim ntawv, hom thiab lub sij hawm ntawm kev xa ntawv tom qab tus neeg siv qhov kev thov. Qib ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob rau hauv lub kaw lus, qhov zoo ntawm lawv cov kev hloov kho thiab kev teeb tsa ncaj qha nyob ntawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom khaws cia thiab lawv qhov ntau.

AISS software

Nws muaj cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb uas tso cai rau koj los ua qee yam algorithms rau kev hloov cov ntaub ntawv thiab tswj tag nrho cov txheej txheem uas tshwm sim hauv qhov system. Hom kev npaj no yog tsim los ntawm kev pab los ntawm ob peb "cov lus raug":

• sab nraum ntiaj teb, nrog kev pab los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom tsim nws qhov kev thov rau qhov system;
• xov xwm;
• programs thiab subroutines;
• programming.

Kev ua haujlwm

Kev tsim khoom ntawm txhua qhov kev pabcuam raug cuam tshuam los ntawm:

• lub koom haum ntawm cov txheej txheem raws li cov ntaub ntawv ua ntu zus;
• kev faib khoom zoo ntawm nws cov peev txheej thiab kev ua haujlwm;
• nkag siab meej ntawm cov neeg siv cov lus txib.

Tsis tas li, qhov nce hauv qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom lag luam ntawm AISS tau ua tiav los ntawm kev qhia txog software tshiab. Nws, nyob rau hauv lem, cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem xam thiab tso cai rau koj mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv multitasking hom.

AISS nta

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv niaj hnub thiab cov ntaub ntawv siv yog raws li lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov neeg siv kev pabcuam, kev xaiv ntawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Qhov twgmuaj cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib txuas cov qauv ntawm kev txais cov ntawv thov tshiab thiab kev tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm luv luv txiav txim los ntawm qhov kev pab cuam. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas tsis yog tus qauv kev tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv tsis tshwm sim, lub kaw lus tseem tuaj yeem nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog yam tsis tas siv cov peev txheej ntxiv. Cov qauv niaj hnub muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm ib txhij ua haujlwm rau ntau tus neeg siv yam tsis tau poob lub sijhawm thiab cov ntaub ntawv zoo (lawv tus lej raug txiav txim siab los ntawm kev txhawb nqa kev pabcuam).

AISS tau pom nws daim ntawv thov hauv cov haujlwm ntawm kev lag luam xws li kev lag luam thiab kev ua liaj ua teb, nrog kev pab los ntawm cov txheej txheem automated tau ua nyob rau hauv kev lag luam thiab cov koom haum tshawb fawb. Cov ntaub ntawv raug cai thiab cov ntaub ntawv siv kuj tseem nrov heev, tso cai rau cov neeg siv khoom los nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog ntawm kev thov kev tswj hwm hauv cov ntaub ntawv loj.