JSC "Tver Carriage Works"
JSC "Tver Carriage Works"

Video: JSC "Tver Carriage Works"

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Video: 6 Nqi Lus Qhia Kev Ua neej ( leej twg mloog lub neej yuav zoo tuaj) 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

JSC Tver Carriage Works (TVZ) yog ib lub lag luam nrog keeb kwm ib puas xyoo, tab sis niaj hnub tsim. Nws muaj peev xwm sib sau ua ke 1,200 railcars ntawm 200 tus qauv thiab kev hloov kho hauv ib xyoos, uas yog cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg rau Russia. Lub tuam txhab yog ib feem ntawm cov qauv ntawm Transmashholding.

OJSC Tver Carriage Works
OJSC Tver Carriage Works

Yam yuav tsum tau muaj rau kev tsim

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, kev tsim kho sai ntawm kev tsheb ciav hlau pib hauv Russia. Ntau tshaj 1500 km ntawm lem tau qhia txhua xyoo. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub sijhawm ntawd nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Ottoman tsuas muaj ib lub tsheb loj loj thiab lub tsev cog khoom hauv St. Petersburg - Aleksandrovsky. Nws kuj tau koom nrog kev kho cov khoom dov. Lawm, nws lub peev xwm tsis txaus, thiab nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav khoom wagons thiab cov khoom siv tsheb ciav hlau txawv teb chaws.

Raws li kev xyaum qhia, Western European-style carriages tsis haum rau Lavxias teb sab tej yam kev mob. Lawv muaj qhov tsim tsis tsim nyog, thiab tsis tau insulated. Ib txhia twb tsis muaj brakes. Nyob rau xyoo 1890, tsoomfwv tau dhau los ntawm ntau txoj cai lij choj txhawb cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv kev tsheb ciav hlau mus yuav cov khoom siv dov los ntawmtuam txhab uas muag. Cov kev lag luam zoo tau tsim los rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm txoj kev lag luam no, kev nqis peev txawv teb chaws tau nchuav rau hauv lub tebchaws.

Yug

1896-23-09 Fab Kis thiab Belgian cov kws tsim khoom lag luam tau xaus lus pom zoo nrog cov tub ceev xwm ntawm Tver ntawm kev xauj ib thaj av rau kev tsim kho Tver Carriage Works. Lub nroog Tver, nyob nruab nrab ntawm Moscow thiab St. Petersburg, yog qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws rau kev lag luam tshiab. Ob xyoos tom qab (1898-25-08) tus thawj coj Liebka tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj rau txoj cai ua haujlwm, hnub no yog hnub yug ntawm cov nroj tsuag.

Thaum lub sijhawm qhib nws yog ib qho chaw tsim khoom siab tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia. Cov neeg ua lag luam txawv teb chaws tsis yog stingy: cov cuab yeej zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov cuab yeej tau yuav, cov tshuab ua kom muaj zog ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav cov khoom lag luam siab. Cov tsheb tshiab ntawm Tver Carriage Works tau ua haujlwm zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Ua tsaug rau kev tshaj tawm kev lag luam, hluav taws xob tau tshwm sim hauv Tver - ib qho ntawm cov chav ua haujlwm tau muab hluav taws xob rau cov neeg hauv nroog.

Tver Carriage Works
Tver Carriage Works

Lub sijhawm ua ntej kev hloov pauv

Los ntawm 1899, thawj pawg ntawm 13 lub tsheb thauj khoom tau npaj tiav, muaj peev xwm thauj mus txog 12.5 tons ntawm cov khoom thauj txhua. Nws yog ib qho khoom siv dual-siv. Thaum muaj tsov rog, lawv tau yooj yim hloov mus rau cov neeg ua haujlwm thauj (40 tus neeg lossis 8 tus nees) lossis cov tub rog thauj khoom.

Nrog rau qhov pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, Tver Carriage Works hloov mus rau kev tsim cov neeg caij tshebtsheb thauj mus los ntawm txhua chav kawm tau: los ntawm ob chav deckers rau cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw mus tshawb txog thaj tsam ntawm Siberia thiab Far East mus rau 26-meter "salon" zoo nkauj rau cov neeg tseem ceeb, suav nrog tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe. Cov khoom tseem ceeb yog lub tsheb pw tsaug zog rau cov tsheb ciav hlau ceev. Xyoo 1915, Tver thiab Riga factories tau sib koom ua ke.

Lub sijhawm hloov pauv

Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv cuam tshuam nrog lub tuam txhab cov phiaj xwm txhim kho. Nyob rau hauv 1918 nws twb nationalized, thiab nyob rau hauv 1921 nws yog mothballed. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag tau rov pib dua xyoo 1925. Hloov tsheb thauj khoom ob lub qag, kev sib dhos ntawm plaub-qag freight tsheb tau pib, uas tau nce lawv lub peev xwm nqa tau ntau.

Xyoo 1931, Tver tau hloov npe hu ua Kalinin, feem, Tver Carriage Works tau hloov npe hu ua Kalinin. Ib xyoos tom qab, kev tsim kho ntawm lub rooj cob qhia loj loj, yuav luag ib mais ntev, tau pib, qhov chaw sib sau ua ke ntawm dov Tshuag tau tsim tom qab. Los ntawm lub sijhawm no, ntau dua 6,500 tus neeg ua haujlwm tau ua haujlwm hauv kev tsim khoom, thiab cov khoom tsim tau 10 npaug siab dua xyoo 1913. Xyoo 1937 ib leeg, lub tuam txhab tsim 418 tus neeg caij tsheb thiab 5736 lub tsheb thauj khoom hnyav.

wagons ntawm Tver Carriage Works
wagons ntawm Tver Carriage Works

Tsov Rog

Tom qab German tawm tsam USSR, cov nroj tsuag tau hloov mus rau kev tsim cov khoom siv tub rog: khoom siv kho mob, mos txwv, mortars. Txawm li cas los xij, lub nroog tsis ntev los ntawm cov tub rog German, thiab lawv tsis muaj sijhawm los tshem tawm cov khoom siv. Feem ntau ntawm lub khw raug rhuav tshem.

1942-03-01 tom qab kev tawm tsam ua tiav, lub nroog Kalinin tau dim. Tam sim ntawd nws yogtau pom zoo ib qho kev daws teeb meem ntawm kev kho sai sai ntawm kev tsim khoom. Los ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1943, Kalinin Carriage Works tau dhau los ua ib qho chaw ua haujlwm loj tshaj plaws hauv cheeb tsam Central ntawm lub tebchaws. 18 cov khoom lag luam rau pem hauv ntej tau tsim tawm ntawm no.

Post-war development

Txawm tias ua ntej ua tsov ua rog, cov kws ua haujlwm ntawm Kalinin (Tver) Carriage Works tau tsim lub tsheb tshwj xeeb uas nyiam txhua tus neeg caij tsheb rau cov tsheb ciav hlau mus ntev. Xyoo 1950, kev ua haujlwm hauv qhov kev taw qhia no tau rov pib dua, thiab twb nyob rau xyoo 1951 lub tuam txhab tau hloov mus rau lawv cov khoom.

Kev qhia txog cov khoom tshiab yuav tsum muaj kev hloov pauv loj hauv cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis, cov kev xav tau rau kev ua haujlwm vuam zoo tau nce ntau zaus. Cov kws tshaj lij thawj zaug hauv USSR tau tsim tshwj xeeb gantry tsis siv neeg vuam tshuab rau vuam ru tsev arches, flooring thiab sab phab ntsa.

Los ntawm 1965, cov nroj tsuag twb tau tsim 11 kev hloov kho ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb (es tsis yog ib qho hauv xyoo 1959). Ntawm qee cov qauv, thawj zaug hauv kev coj ua ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv kev tsheb ciav hlau, cov tshuab cua txias tau teeb tsa, uas tau siv hluav taws xob los ntawm lub zog tshwj xeeb uas yog ib feem ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau. Cov tshuab no tau siv nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm lub tebchaws, feem ntau hauv Central Asia.

Tver Carriage Works chaw nyob
Tver Carriage Works chaw nyob

Nyob nrawm

Los ntawm xyoo 1960, cov lus nug ntawm kev nce tsheb ciav hlau ceev tau siav. Xyoo 1965, lub tsheb ciav hlau nthuav dav ntawm Aurora series tau tsim. Nws muaj peev xwm xa cov neeg caij tsheb los ntawm Moscow rau Leningrad hauv tsawg dua 5 teev -speeds unimaginable thaum lub sij hawm. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tshaj lij tsis tau tso tseg. Ua ke nrog cov kws tshawb fawb, ib txoj haujlwm tau tsim los tsim lub tsheb ciav hlau turbojet uas tau tsav los ntawm ob lub tshuab dav hlau.

Cov qauv kev sim tau raug sim ntau xyoo ntawm cov pej xeem txoj kev, nce mus txog 250 km / h. Nws hloov tawm tias nws muaj peev xwm txav tau sai dua, tab sis lub xeev ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau tsis tso cai rau nws kom nrawm dua li qhov txwv. Cov ntaub ntawv tau txais tom qab ntawd ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim lub tsheb ciav hlau RT-200, hu ua Lavxias Troika. Txawm hais tias nws txoj kev caij nkoj ceev yog 200 km / h, nws kuj tseem muaj peev xwm ntawm 250 km / h. Lub tsheb ciav hlau no tau dhau los ua kev txaus siab ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv lub Hoobkas.

tram ntawm Tver Carriage Works
tram ntawm Tver Carriage Works

Hnub no

Nyob rau xyoo 1990, JSC Tver Carriage Works tau ntsib qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Qhov ntim ntawm kev txiav txim tau txo qis ntau zaus, tab sis cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv lub Hoobkas tau pom lawv cov khoom lag luam niche: thawj zaug hauv lawv cov keeb kwm, lawv pib tsim cov tsheb sib tw, uas yav tas los yuav hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees. Thawj tus qauv 61-820 tau qhia hauv xyoo 1993. Kev thov rau cov khoom siv ib txwm ua kom sov: cov neeg caij tsheb, xa ntawv thiab lub nra, cov neeg ua haujlwm, thauj khoom, tsheb tshwj xeeb, lub log teeb, thiab lwm yam.

Tib lub sijhawm, lwm yam khoom tsim tawm. Piv txwv li, cov tsheb ciav hlau ntawm Tver Carriage Works ncig Moscow thiab lwm lub nroog loj hauv lub tebchaws.

Txij li xyoo 90s, kev ua haujlwm tau ua tiav ntawm kev tsim thiab txhim kho cov tsheb ceev (tshaj 200 km / h) nrog lub cev tiaj tus sidewall. Raulub centennial hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub lag luam nyob rau hauv 1998, thawj cov qauv ntawm cov qauv 61-4170 tau tsim. Kev tsim kho tshiab tau siv rau hauv kev tsim:

  • nce lub zog thiab kav ntev vim corrosion-resistant steel ncej;
  • txhim kho smoothness;
  • ntau cov txheej txheem yog automated thiab tswj los ntawm lub hauv paus computer;
  • chav tso quav tso quav tso.

Cov tsheb no tau siv los tsim cov tsheb ciav hlau "Red Arrow", "Petrel", "Nevsky Express" thiab lwm yam.

Kev tsheb ciav hlau tau nce siab hnub no. Lavxias Railways tab tom hloov kho lub nkoj ntawm locomotives, wagons thiab cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb poob rau TVZ ua tus thawj coj hauv kev lag luam. Nyob rau hauv 2008, tom qab ntau xyoo ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nyuaj, zus tau tej cov tshiab tiam ntawm dov Tshuag twb launched. Ua tsaug rau qhov kev pab cuam kho tshiab, kev tsim khoom tau nce ob npaug hauv xyoo tas los no (los ntawm 600 lub tsheb thaum ntxov 2000s txog 1,200 tam sim no).

Txij li xyoo 2009, nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm kev koom tes nrog Siemens Corporation, kev txhim kho thiab kev tsim kho ntawm RIC-coupe tsheb nrog kev hloov pauv sab hauv tau ua tiav. Cov khoom no tuaj yeem siv tau ob qho tib si ntawm kev khiav ntawm Lavxias tus qauv (1520 hli) thiab European tus qauv (1435 hli).

Kuj, txij li xyoo 2009, lub tsheb ob-decker, tshiab rau Russia, twb tau tsim, uas cov pej xeem hauv lub tebchaws tau tswj kom poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog. Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov no yog tus kheej txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub tsheb tsim los ntawm Tver.

OAO TVZ Tver Carriage Works
OAO TVZ Tver Carriage Works

Kev cob qhia thiab lawv cov lus piav qhia

Tver Carriage Works yog ib qho ntawm ob peb lub tsevcov tuam txhab uas lawv tsim thiab tsim tsheb rau kev tsheb khiav ceev. Lawm, lawv cov kev tsim khoom xav tau cov thev naus laus zis tshiab thiab cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub no. Cov peev txheej thev naus laus zis tau tsim los sib sau ua ke ntau dua 1,000 railcars, nrog rau ntau yam kev hloov kho, suav nrog ib daim ntawv luam.

Kev tsim khoom muaj ntau ntu. Cov kev cob qhia tseem ceeb yog:

  • Tsheb Sib Tw. Ntawm no, kev sib dhos zaum kawg ntawm cov khoom siv tsheb ciav hlau yog ua los ntawm cov khoom tsim los ntawm lwm qhov chaw.
  • Frame-lub cev, Bogie (tsim cov ncej thiab bogies).
  • Woodworking, Garniturny (tsim cov qauv ntoo, cov khoom, cov khoom zoo nkauj).
  • Nthuav, Forging thiab nias, Txias-nias (tau txais cov qauv hlau ntawm cov duab nyuaj).
  • Small series (ua ib qho tshwj xeeb xaj).

Kev cob qhia pab:

Nkauj ntseeg vaj tswv instrumental.

  • painting.
  • hluav taws xob.
  • Boiler.
  • Kev thauj mus los.
  • Mechanical Kho.
  • Kev sim.
  • cov khoom siv sim.
  • kev cob qhia thiab lawv cov lus piav qhia ntawm Tver Carriage Works
    kev cob qhia thiab lawv cov lus piav qhia ntawm Tver Carriage Works

    Tver Carriage Works: tshuaj xyuas

    Lub tuam txhab yog ib lub chaw ua haujlwm loj tshaj plaws hauv cheeb tsam Tver. Lub ntim loj ntawm kev txiav txim tso cai rau peb los lav cov nyiaj ua haujlwm ncaj ncees thiab raws sijhawm. Cov neeg ua haujlwm nco txog cov qauv kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Cov neeg ua haujlwm txom nyem tau muab qhov chaw nyob hauv hostel. Kuj ceeb tias, tab sislub Hoobkas noj su dawb, thiab cov zaub mov, raws li kev txheeb xyuas, yog qhov zoo. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tuam txhab yog ib qho nyuaj, tab sis them nyiaj ntau heev. Cov thawj coj yuav tsum muaj kev qhuab ntuas nruj.

    Chaw Nyob ntawm Tver Carriage Ua Haujlwm: 170003, Lavxias Federation, Tver nroog, Petersburg Highway, bldg. 45-B.

    Pom zoo: