2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28
Lub tswv yim ntawm "dov Tshuag" tuaj yeem suav nrog tag nrho cov khoom siv koom nrog hauv kev thauj khoom lossis cov neeg caij tsheb hauv kev tsheb ciav hlau. Lub dov Tshuag ntawm Lavxias teb sab Railways suav nrog cov tsheb ntawm ntau pawg, locomotives. Nws tau muab faib ua lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb, cov neeg caij tsheb thiab cov tsheb thauj khoom los ntawm hom kev thauj mus los.
Koj tuaj yeem muab cov kev faib tawm hauv qab no ntawm PS:
- Traction: locomotives (hluav taws xob locomotives, chav locomotives, diesel locomotives).
- Tsis yog tus kheej-propelled: wagons (platforms, gondola tsheb, grain carriers, tank, thiab lwm yam).
- Tsav tsheb: metro, hluav taws xob tsheb ciav hlau, tsheb ciav hlau.
- Composition tshwj xeeb. Lub hom phiaj: tsheb tus kheej, tsheb trolleys.
Tus tsim ntawm kev thauj mus los hauv nqe lus nug yog tam sim no lub tshuab tsim kev lag luam ntawm lub teb chaws thiab txawv teb chaws, locomotive thiab tsheb tsim cov nroj tsuag, metallurgical nroj tsuag.
Thawj lub tsheb thauj khoom hauv tebchaws Russia tau pib tsim nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th. Raws li ib qho kev lag luam ywj pheej, lub tsev tsheb sawv tawm los ntawm nruab nrab-40s ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th. Lub sijhawm ntawd, kev tsim kho ntawm Moscow-St. Petersburg railway pib, thiab nws yog rau kev tsim kho wagons.rau txoj kev no nyob rau hauv Leningrad, lub xeev-muaj foundry thiab mechanical Alexander cog tau faib.
Lub ntsiab kev tsheb ciav hlau ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd yog cov khoom dov tau ntau dua li tsim los thauj neeg. Raws li txoj cai, cov tsheb thauj neeg caij tsheb tau tsim, plying nyob rau hauv suburban destinations. Tsis muaj chav dej, buffet, lossis txawm tias pw tsaug zog, tsuas yog qhov chaw zaum xwb.
Thawj lub tsheb yog ob lub qag, tus ncej thiab lub cev yog ua los ntawm ntoo. Lawv txoj kev sib txuas yog saw hlau. Lub dov Tshuag rau kev thauj mus los ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd txawv ntawm qhov niaj hnub no.
Qhov kev txhawb nqa tom ntej rau kev txhim kho kev lag luam tsheb ciav hlau yog kev hloov pauv ntawm Russia los ntawm feudalism mus rau peev los ntawm kev hloov kho xyoo 1861. Txij li xyoo 1863, kev tsim cov wagons siv ob lub qag tsim pib.
Xyoo 1859, ib qho piv txwv ntawm lub tsheb gondola niaj hnub tshwm sim ntawm Alexander Plant - lub tsheb qhib, nrog rau lub tsheb hmoov av thiab lub tsheb tawg.
Thiab tib lub sijhawm, vim qhov xav tau txav cov khoom lag luam puas tsuaj (khoom noj khoom haus, feem ntau), ib lub nkoj nkoj isothermal wagon tau tshwm sim.
Xyoo 1875, Ministry of Railways (MPS) tau tshaj tawm ib qho kev txiav txim, uas tau hais txog kev nqa tag nrho cov tsheb thauj mus los rau tib hom "qhov loj me" (64002743 mm). Qhov no tau hais los ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov khoom siv tub rog thiab kev thauj mus los ntawm cov tub rog loj.
Los ntawm ib nrab thib ob ntawm 90s. muaj kev nce hauv industrial ntau lawm, uas ua rau nthuavkev tsim kho ntawm railways, lub dov Tshuag rov pom innovation. Qhov kev xav tau ntawm wagons rau kev thauj cov khoom loj loj loj tuaj. Kev tsim cov li no tau nce ntau.
Xyoo 1880, nyob ze ntawm lub zos Bolshie Mytishchi, kev tsim kho ntawm Mytishchinsky Carriage Works pib.
Hauv xyoo 1896, kev tsim kho ntawm Verkhnevolzhsky cog rau kev tsim cov wagons pib.
Nyob rau xyoo 1897, nws tau yug los ua lub chaw ua haujlwm wagon rau kev tsim cov thawv ntim khoom, lub tsev noj mov thiab phaetons.
Thiab yog li cov chaw tsim khoom tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov loj ntawm lub teb chaws nrog tsuas yog ib lub hom phiaj - los tsim kom tau ib qho zoo meej dov Tshuag muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm lub xeev hauv kev thauj mus los.
Tam sim no, tus naj npawb ntawm wagons thiab locomotives tuaj yeem hu tau txaus rau lub tebchaws, tab sis cov txheej txheem ntawm cov no yuav tsum tau xav zoo. Ib qho txaus siab: kev tsim kho cov cuab yeej ntawm hom no tsis tau cuam tshuam rau ib xyoos txij li thaum pib.
Pom zoo:
Rolling stock locksmith: qeb, kev cob qhia, kev piav qhia txog kev ua haujlwm
Txoj haujlwm no muab faib ua qeb. Tus kws kho cov khoom siv dov, txhawm rau kom tau txais cov qeb tom ntej, yuav tsum tau txais kev cob qhia qib siab thiab ua haujlwm ntawm cov tuam txhab cuam tshuam tsawg kawg ib xyoos. Cov tswv ntiav ua haujlwm saib xyuas cov neeg ua haujlwm nrog lub cev zoo
Rolling mill: keeb kwm thiab niaj hnub kev faib tawm
Lub tshuab dov ua haujlwm li cas? Ua ntej, cov hlau ingot yog rhuab nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb qhov dej (kub yog hais txog 1800 C), tom qab uas lub fais tsheb muab nws rau thawj ua (rau slabbing los yog tawg), qhov twg tuav tau los ntawm lub ingot. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntawv hlau lossis cov khoom tiav ntawm cov duab tau muab los ntawm lawv ntawm lwm yam khoom siv dov, xws li cov ntsia hlau, thiab lwm yam
Rolling tshuab: txheej txheem cej luam, hom, yam ntxwv
Tam sim no, cov khoom siv hlau tuav lub niche loj hauv tib neeg lub neej. Los ntawm cov khoom siv hlau me tshaj plaws mus rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev loj. Txawm li cas los xij, kom tau txais cov hlau zoo, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum muaj cov cuab yeej zoo uas ua rau nws. Rolling tshuab yog raws nraim li koj xav tau kom tau zoo hlau thiab hlau
Common stock is Bond and common stock
Ib qho piv txwv yog ib feem uas muab txoj cai los ua tus tswv ntawm lub tuam txhab tso tawm. Lawv cov neeg tuav pov hwm tuaj yeem xaiv cov tswv cuab ntawm pawg thawj coj saib xyuas thiab cuam tshuam cov teeb meem tseem ceeb, koom nrog kev tswj hwm lub koom haum cov nyiaj tau los (los ntawm cov nyiaj faib tawm)
Dough rolling machines - lub hom phiaj, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qauv
Nyob rau hauv txhua lub tsev noj mov uas tau dhau mus dhau qhov ntsuas ntawm "ci rau tsev neeg thiab cov neeg hlub", yuav tsum tau ua khob noom cookie. Lawv xav tau dab tsi rau? Koj puas nco qab cov kab ntawm cov ncuav ci hauv cov khw muag khoom bakery. Loj thiab zoo li - ib tug rau ib tug. Qhov no tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm tes molding. Txawm hais tias koj lub khob cij qab npaum li cas, qhov tsos tseem ceeb heev rau cov neeg siv khoom. Delicious, zoo nkauj thiab du pastries yuav xav tau ntau dua li qab
