Drilling platform yog dab tsi? Hom ntawm drilling platforms
Drilling platform yog dab tsi? Hom ntawm drilling platforms

Video: Drilling platform yog dab tsi? Hom ntawm drilling platforms

Video: Drilling platform yog dab tsi? Hom ntawm drilling platforms
Video: niam txoj kev hlub - me tub KC 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Mining yog nqa tawm nrog kev pab los ntawm kev tsim tshwj xeeb engineering - drilling platforms. Lawv muab cov xwm txheej tsim nyog rau kev txhim kho kom tshwm sim. Lub tshuab drilling tuaj yeem nruab rau ntawm qhov sib txawv qhov tob - nws nyob ntawm qhov tob npaum li cas ntawm cov roj thiab roj av dag.

Drilling on land

drilling platform
drilling platform

Roj tshwm sim tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv av, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv continental plume, uas yog surrounded los ntawm dej. Tias yog vim li cas qee qhov kev teeb tsa tau nruab nrog cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb, ua tsaug rau lawv nyob hauv dej. Xws li lub platform drilling yog cov qauv monolithic uas ua raws li kev txhawb nqa rau lwm cov ntsiab lus. Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov qauv yog ua nyob rau hauv ntau theem:

  • ua ntej, lub qhov dej kuaj tau raug drilled, uas yog tsim nyog los txiav txim qhov chaw ntawm thaj chaw; yog tias muaj kev cia siab tias yuav tsim ib cheeb tsam tshwj xeeb, ces ua haujlwm ntxiv;
  • npaj ib qhov chaw rau lub tshuab drilling: rau qhov no, thaj chaw ib puag ncig yog qib ntau li ntau tau;
  • lub hauv paus tau nchuav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias tus pej thuam hnyav;
  • ntawm lub hauv paus npaj, lub tuam tsev drilling thiab nws lwm cov khoom tau sib sau ua ke.

Txoj Kevdeposit identification

Drilling platforms yog cov qauv tseem ceeb ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm kev txhim kho roj thiab roj tau ua tiav ob qho tib si hauv av thiab hauv dej. Kev tsim kho ntawm drilling platforms yog nqa tawm tsuas yog tom qab lub xub ntiag ntawm roj thiab roj nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam yog txiav txim. Ua li no, lub qhov dej yog drilled siv ntau txoj kev: teb, teb, turbine, volumetric, ntsia hlau thiab ntau lwm yam.

Feem ntau yog txoj kev tig: thaum nws siv, ib qho kev hloov me ntsis yog tsav mus rau hauv pob zeb. Qhov nrov ntawm cov thev naus laus zis no yog vim muaj peev xwm ntawm qhov drilling kom tiv taus cov khoom hnyav rau lub sijhawm ntev.

platform loads

jack-up drilling platforms
jack-up drilling platforms

Lub platform drilling tuaj yeem sib txawv hauv kev tsim, tab sis nws yuav tsum tsim kom muaj peev xwm, feem ntau suav nrog cov ntsuas kev nyab xeeb. Yog tias lawv tsis saib xyuas, qhov tshwm sim tuaj yeem loj heev. Piv txwv li, vim qhov kev suav tsis raug, kev teeb tsa yuav tsuas yog vau, uas yuav ua rau tsis yog nyiaj txiag poob, tab sis kuj rau kev tuag ntawm tib neeg. Tag nrho cov khoom thauj uas ua rau kev teeb tsa yog:

  • Tsis tu ncua: lawv txhais tau tias cov tub rog ua haujlwm thoob plaws hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub platform. Qhov no yog qhov hnyav ntawm cov qauv lawv tus kheej saum toj no lub installation, thiab dej tsis kam, thaum nws los txog rau offshore platforms.
  • Ib ntus: cov khoom thauj no ua rau ntawm cov qauv hauv qee yam xwm txheej. Tsuas yog thaum pib ntawm lub installation yog muaj zog vibration.

Ntau hom drilling platforms tau tsim nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws. Txog hnub tim, rau8 chaw nres tsheb ntau lawm ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab pipeline.

Nto platforms

Roj tuaj yeem tshwm sim tsis yog hauv av xwb, tab sis kuj nyob hauv dej. Txhawm rau rho tawm nws hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, cov txheej txheem drilling yog siv, uas tau muab tso rau hauv cov qauv ntab. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, pontoons, self-propelled barges yog siv raws li floating chaw - qhov no nyob ntawm seb cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev loj hlob roj. Offshore drilling platforms muaj qee yam qauv tsim, yog li lawv tuaj yeem ntab rau hauv dej. Nyob ntawm qhov tob ntawm cov roj lossis roj av, cov khoom siv sib txawv yog siv.

hom drilling platforms
hom drilling platforms

Kwv yees li 30% ntawm cov roj tau muab rho tawm los ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv, yog li cov qhov dej tau nce ntxiv rau hauv dej. Feem ntau qhov no yog ua tiav hauv dej ntiav los ntawm kev txhim kho pawg thiab txhim kho cov platforms, yees, thiab cov khoom tsim nyog ntawm lawv. Floating platforms yog siv los laum qhov dej hauv cov dej tob. Qee zaum, qhov dej qhuav ntawm qhov dej tau ua tiav, uas yog pom zoo rau qhov qhib qhov tob txog 80 m.

Floating platform

Floating platforms tau nruab rau ntawm qhov tob ntawm 2-150 m thiab tuaj yeem siv rau ntau yam xwm txheej. Cov qauv zoo li no tuaj yeem ua rau me me thiab ua haujlwm hauv cov dej me me, lossis lawv tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau hauv hiav txwv qhib. Lub tshuab nqus dej twj tso kua mis yog cov qauv zoo, txij li txawm tias muaj qhov me me, nws tuaj yeem tso tawm ntau cov roj lossis roj. Thiab qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txuag tau tus nqi thauj khoom. Xws li lub platform yognyob rau hauv hiav txwv ob peb hnub, ces rov qab los rau hauv paus rau lub tso tsheb hlau luam.

Txhim kho platform

tsau offshore drilling platform
tsau offshore drilling platform

Stationary offshore drilling platform yog ib qho qauv uas muaj cov sab saum toj thiab lub hauv paus txhawb nqa. Nws yog tsau rau hauv av. Cov qauv tsim ntawm cov tshuab no sib txawv, yog li hauv qab no hom kev teeb tsa nyob ruaj ruaj yog qhov txawv:

  • gravitational: qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov qauv no tau lees paub los ntawm tus kheej qhov hnyav ntawm cov qauv thiab qhov hnyav ntawm qhov tau txais ballast;
  • piling: lawv tau txais kev ruaj ntseg vim yog pawg tsav mus rau hauv av;
  • mast: kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov qauv no yog muab los ntawm cov txiv neej lossis qhov xav tau ntawm buoyancy.

Nyob ntawm qhov tob ntawm cov roj thiab roj tau tsim, txhua qhov chaw nres tsheb tau muab faib ua ntau hom:

  • dej tob ntawm txhua kab: lub hauv paus ntawm cov kev teeb tsa no yog nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog hauv qab ntawm thaj chaw dej, thiab cov kab yog siv los txhawb;
  • cov dej ntiav ntiav ntawm txhua kab: lawv muaj cov qauv zoo ib yam li cov tshuab hauv hiav txwv tob;
  • kev tsim kho kob: xws li lub platform sawv ntawm lub hauv paus hlau;
  • monopod yog lub platform dej ntiav ntawm ib qho kev txhawb nqa, ua hauv daim ntawv ntawm tus pej thuam thiab muaj cov phab ntsa ntsug lossis inclined.

Nws yog lub platform ruaj khov uas suav nrog cov peev txheej tsim khoom loj, vim tias lawv tau txais txiaj ntsig ntau dua thiab yooj yim rau nruab thiab ua haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv ib tug yooj yim version, xws li installation muajsteel ncej puag, uas ua raws li cov qauv txhawb nqa. Tab sis nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum siv cov chaw nyob ruaj ruaj uas xav txog qhov xwm txheej zoo li qub thiab qhov tob ntawm cov dej hauv thaj chaw drilling.

Kev txhim kho nyob rau hauv uas lub hauv paus yog ua los ntawm cov pob zeb muaj zog yog muab tso rau hauv qab. Lawv tsis xav tau fasteners ntxiv. Cov tshuab no siv rau hauv cov dej ntiav.

Kev tshawb nrhiav qhov chaw nyob sab nraud yog ua los ntawm kev siv xov tooj ntawm tes ntawm cov hauv qab no: jack-ups, semi-submersibles, drilling ships thiab barges. Barges yog siv nyob rau hauv cov dej ntiav, thiab muaj ob peb hom nkoj uas muaj peev xwm ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv sib txawv qhov tob: los ntawm 4 m mus rau 5000 m.

floating drilling platform
floating drilling platform

Lub nkoj zoo li lub pob zeb drilling yog siv nyob rau hauv thawj theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm thaj chaw thaum nws tsim nyog los tho qhov dej hauv cov dej ntiav lossis cov chaw tiv thaiv. Cov kev teeb tsa no yog siv rau hauv lub qhov ncauj ntawm tus dej, pas dej, swamps, kwj dej ntawm qhov tob ntawm 2-5 m. Feem ntau ntawm cov nkoj no tsis yog tus kheej, yog li lawv tsis tuaj yeem siv los ua haujlwm hauv hiav txwv siab.

Lub nkoj drilling muaj peb yam tseem ceeb: lub pas dej hauv qab submersible pontoon uas tau nruab rau hauv qab, lub platform nto nrog lub lawj ua haujlwm, thiab cov qauv uas txuas ob ntu.

nce toj platform

Jack-up drilling platforms zoo ib yam li cov nkoj drilling, tab sis cov qub tau hloov kho dua tshiab thiab txhim kho. Lawv sawv ntawm jack-masts uas so hauv qab.

Cov qauv tsim, xws li kev teeb tsa muaj 3-5 kev txhawb nqa nrog khau, uasraug txo qis thiab nias rau hauv qab rau lub sijhawm ua haujlwm drilling. Cov qauv zoo li no tuaj yeem raug thauj mus los, tab sis kev txhawb nqa yog txoj haujlwm muaj kev nyab xeeb dua, txij li lub hull ntawm lub installation tsis kov cov dej saum npoo av. Lub self-elevating floating platform tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm qhov tob txog li 150 m.

semi-submersible roj drilling platform
semi-submersible roj drilling platform

Hom kev teeb tsa no nce siab saum npoo dej hiav txwv ua tsaug rau txhua kab uas nyob hauv av. Lub lawj sab sauv ntawm lub pontoon yog qhov chaw uas tsim nyog cov cuab yeej siv cuab yeej siv tau. Txhua qhov kev txhawb nqa tus kheej sib txawv ntawm cov duab ntawm lub pontoon, tus naj npawb ntawm cov kab txhawb nqa, cov duab ntawm lawv cov seem thiab cov qauv tsim. Feem ntau, lub pontoon muaj ib daim duab peb sab, duab plaub. Tus naj npawb ntawm kab yog 3-4, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov haujlwm thaum ntxov cov tshuab tau tsim nyob rau 8 kab. Lub derrick nws tus kheej yog nyob rau ntawm lub lawj sab sauv los yog txuas rau tom qab.

nkoj nkoj

Cov rigs no yog tus kheej-propelled thiab tsis tas yuav rub mus rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Cov tshuab no tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev teeb tsa ntawm qhov tob tob, yog li lawv tsis ruaj khov. Drilling ships yog siv rau hauv kev tshawb nrhiav roj thiab roj ntawm qhov tob ntawm 200-3000 m thiab tob dua. Lub drilling rig yog muab tso rau ntawm lub nkoj, thiab drilling yog nqa ncaj qha los ntawm lub tshuab thev naus laus zis hauv lub lawj nws tus kheej.

Tib lub sijhawm, lub nkoj tau nruab nrog txhua yam khoom tsim nyog kom nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm rau txhua qhov huab cua. Lub thauj tog rau nkoj tso cai rau koj los xyuas kom meej qhov zoo ntawm kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov dej. Cov roj uas tsim tawm tom qab kev huv huv yog khaws cia rau hauv cov tank tshwj xeeb hauv lub cev, thiab tom qab ntawd rov qab mus rau hauv cov tsheb thauj khoom.

Semi-submersible

Semi-submersible roj drilling platform yog ib qho ntawm feem nrov offshore drilling rigs raws li nws muaj peev xwm ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv qhov tob tshaj 1500m. Floating structures tuaj yeem submerge mus rau qhov tob tob. Lub installation yog ua tiav los ntawm ntsug thiab inclined braces thiab kab, uas ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm tag nrho cov qauv.

Lub cev sab sauv ntawm cov tshuab no yog cov tsev nyob, uas tau nruab nrog cov thev naus laus zis tshiab thiab muaj cov khoom siv tsim nyog. Qhov nrov ntawm semi-submersible installation yog piav qhia los ntawm ntau yam kev daws teeb meem architectural. Lawv nyob ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm pontoons.

kev tsim kho ntawm drilling platforms
kev tsim kho ntawm drilling platforms

Semi-submersible installations muaj 3 hom kev tsim qauv: drilling, cua daj cua dub hom thiab kev hloov pauv. Lub buoyancy ntawm lub kaw lus yog muab los ntawm kev txhawb nqa, uas tseem tso cai rau lub installation kom tswj tau txoj haujlwm ntsug. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias kev ua hauj lwm ntawm drilling platforms nyob rau hauv Russia yog heev them nyiaj, tab sis rau qhov no koj yuav tsum muaj tsis tau tsuas yog cov kev kawm uas tsim nyog, tab sis kuj nws kim heev kev ua hauj lwm.

Cov Lus Qhia

Yog li, lub tshuab drilling yog qhov kev ua haujlwm niaj hnub ntawm ntau hom, uas tuaj yeem laum qhov dej ntawm qhov tob sib txawv. Cov qauv siv dav siv hauv kev lag luam roj thiab roj. Txhua qhov kev teeb tsa tau muab cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb, yog li lawv txawv ntawm cov qauv tsim, kev ua haujlwm, kev ntim khoom, thiab kev thauj mus los. Resources.

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