Vuam seam: kev xaiv, cov cai thiab hom

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

High-tech niaj hnub vuam yog ua raws li kev lees paub zoo. Cov khoom kawg ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog vuam seams, hom thiab cov qauv uas tau muab cais, piav qhia thiab muab faib raws li qhov zoo thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua tiav.

Yuav ua li cas yog weld

Cov ntsiab lus "weld" thiab "weld" feem ntau txhais tau tias tib yam, tab sis qee qhov chaw qhia ob qho tib si.

Raws li qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws, lub vuam yog ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm qhov chaw los ntawm vuam.

Ib qho kev txhais ntau dua yog cuam tshuam nrog lub cev ntawm cov txheej txheem: lub vuam yog ib feem ntawm cov khoom siv crystallized los yog deformed uas sib txuas ntau qhov chaw. Welds thiab seams, ib txoj kev los yog lwm qhov, yog perceived li tib lub ntsiab txhais.

Kev faib tawm

Hom thiab cov npe ntawm welds yog txiav txim los ntawm lawv cov yam ntxwv. Kev faib cov seams yog nyob ntawm qhov ntau ntawm lawv daim ntawv thov. Raws li cov kev ntsuas sab nraud, cov seams tau muab faib ua:

• Convex, txhawb nqa.
• Kab, nrogxoob design.
• Paj.

Nyob ntawm hom kev ua tiav, cov seams tau muab faib ua ib sab thiab ob sab, raws li tus naj npawb ntawm cov hlais electrode - mus rau hauv ib qho dhau thiab ob zaug dhau. Kuj tseem muaj ib txheej txheej thiab ob txheej txheej kev nkag mus.

Qhov ntev ntawm cov seams tau muab faib ua:

• ib leeg ib sab khoom.
• ib leeg ib sab sib quas ntus.
• Point. Hom kev tiv tauj hluav taws xob ua noj.
• Bilateral chain.
• ob-sided checkerboard qauv.

Los ntawm qhov kev npaj lawv muab faib ua:

• kub kab rov tav.
• Ceiling ntsug.
• Nyob hauv nkoj.
• Semi-ceiling.
• Semi-horizontal.
• Semi-vertical.

Raws li lub zog cuam tshuam vector lawv tau muab faib ua:

• Flanking, lossis longitudinal. Lub zog yog siv parallel rau kev nkag mus.
• Kev hloov pauv. Lub zog yog siv perpendicularly.
• sib tov. Ua ke txhua yam.
• ntseeg. Kev sib cuam tshuam yog ua tiav ntawm lub kaum sab xis.

Kev xaiv ntawm vuam seams raws li GOST, nyob ntawm qhov ua haujlwm thiab lub hom phiaj, muab faib ua kom muaj zog, nruj thiab muaj zog. Nyob rau hauv dav, ib tug xov seam yog txawv, tus nqi ntawm uas tsis pub tshaj lub cheeb ntawm lub electrode pas nrig, thiab ib tug dav, uas yog ua los ntawm vibrations nyob rau hauv lub transverse kev taw qhia thaum lub sij hawm vuam.

Raws li GOST, tau piav qhia nruj heev ntawm hom welds thiab pob qij txha. Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog hom fastening thiab txoj kev ntawm nws qhov kev siv yog xav txog hauv cov cim tshwj xeeb,siv los kos duab kos duab.

Types of welds

hom vuam siv yog nyob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, lawv cov tuab thiab cov qauv tsim. Kev nkag siab txog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm vuam qhov chaw thiab zam qhov tsis xws luag hauv kev ua haujlwm tsuas yog ua tau yog tias koj muaj qhov tsim nyog theoretical keeb kwm. Yog vim li cas rau qhov tsis muaj zog mechanical tsis kam ntawm cov pob qij txha feem ntau yog cov vuam tsis txaus ntawm cov pob qij txha. Kev ua tau zoo thiab lub zog ntawm cov seams yog ua tiav los ntawm kev xaiv cov hom thiab cov qauv ntawm vuam. Kev cob qhia ntawm welders suav nrog tsis tsuas yog ib qho kev ua tau zoo, tab sis kuj yog ib feem ntawm kev tshawb fawb - kev kawm ntawm cov qauv thiab cov cai, cov cim rau vuam seams, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv. Paub txog cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev siv cov fasteners thiab vuam ua haujlwm tso cai rau koj kom tau txais kev sib txuas ruaj khov thiab muaj zog.

Npaj welds

Hom vuam pob qij txha, feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov kav dej, cov qauv ntawv thiab cov seem kawg. Tsim nrog tsawg lub sijhawm, kev siv zog thiab cov khoom siv. Xws li lub pob tw fasteners muaj lawv tus yam ntxwv: nyias cov ntawv hlau yog welded yam tsis muaj beveled npoo.

Cov pob qij txha loj dua yuav tsum tau kho ua ntej, uas muaj bevelling kom nkag mus tob dua. Xws li kev npaj ua ntej yog nqa tawm rau cov khoom siv hlau, nws lub thickness yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 8-12 millimeters. Thicker hlau yog ua ke los ntawm ob sab welding nrog bevelled npoo. Butt welds feem ntau yog ua nyob rau hauvkab rov tav.

Teeb seams

Kev xaiv ntawm T-hom vuam seams yog ua raws li tsab ntawv "T". Qhov dav ntawm qhov vuam nyob ntawm qhov tuab ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tau ua ke, cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib khi cuam tshuam qhov kev sib txuas yuav ua li cas - ib sab lossis ob sab.

Cov electrode tuav ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 60 degrees thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov hlau ntawm cov thicknesses sib txawv. Cov txheej txheem vuam yog yooj yim yog siv tacks los yog "nkoj" txoj kev - nws txo tus naj npawb ntawm undercuts. Kev txiav txim siab ntawm tee seam yog nqa tawm hauv ib qho dhau los. Rau hom no, tsis siv neeg vuam tshuab siv dav siv.

Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws

Seams siv rau vuam daim hlau mus txog 12 millimeters tuab. Cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav tsum tau koom nrog yog overlapped thiab welded rau ob sab ntawm cov pob qij txha. Sab hauv ntawm cov qauv yuav tsum tau welded yuav tsum tau insulated los ntawm noo noo. Ntxiv welding nyob ib ncig ntawm lub perimeter yog ua los txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau daim ntawv cog lus.

Kev tsim ntawm kev sib txuas los ntawm kev sib tshooj sib tshooj yog nqa tawm ntawm qhov chaw ntawm ib yam khoom thiab lub ntsej muag kawg ntawm lwm qhov. Txoj kev vuam no ua rau nce kev noj cov khoom siv, uas yog coj mus rau hauv tus account ua ntej. Ua ntej pib ua hauj lwm, cov nplooj ntawv ntawm cov hlau raug muab sib dhos thiab ua tib zoo nias rau ib leeg.

Angular

Kev tsim cov welds ua ntawm ib lub kaum ntse ntse rau ib leeg. Ib tug yam ntxwv feature yogmuab kev nkag tau zoo dua los ntawm kev siv pre-bevels. Qhov no tsis tsuas yog nce qhov tob ntawm qhov vuam, tab sis kuj nce kev ntseeg tau ntawm tag nrho cov qauv. Lub zog yog txhim kho, ntawm lwm yam, vim yog ob sab vuam ntawm cov khoom hlau tsis muaj qhov khoob ntawm cov npoo. Xws li hluav taws xob welds yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm ntau cov hlau tso nyiaj.

Ceiling joints

Ib qho nyuaj tshaj plaws kev siv hluav taws xob vuam ua haujlwm vim qhov chaw ntawm lub seam saum lub vuam. Nws yog tsim los ntawm qhov tsawg kawg nkaus lub zog ntawm cov hluav taws xob tam sim no los ntawm kev sib tshuam welding seam. Lub npe ntawm qab nthab thiab ntsug pob qij txha nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia ceeb toom ntawm complexity ntawm kev ua hauj lwm thiab yuav tsum tau rau tej yam kev txawj ntse ntawm welder kom ua tau zoo tshaj plaws. Ceiling seams yog siv nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob uas tsis muaj peev xwm mus tshem tawm cov qauv yuav tsum tau welded: ua hauj lwm nrog cov kav dej, qab nthab raws thiab kab teeb ntawm cov chaw tsim kho, txhua yam hlau lug. Qhov tshwj xeeb thiab nuances ntawm qab nthab seams yog mastered hauv kev xyaum xwb.

Ntxhais ua tiav seams

Welded seams tom qab ua tiav ntawm kev ua haujlwm muaj qhov tsis sib xws, nthuav tawm saum npoo av thiab tawm hauv qab tee ntawm cov hlau, cov kab ntawm slag thiab nplai. Tag nrho cov no raug tshem tawm, thiab cov txheej txheem nws tus kheej hu ua stripping.

Yuav ua tau ntau theem:

• Dross yog khob nrog chisel los yog rauj.
• Cov ntu nrog cov seam yog ua tiav los ntawm kev sib tsoo.
• Qee zaum tinning yog nqa tawm - thovnyias txheej ntawm molten tin.

Kev txij nkawm thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau tsis zoo

Feem ntau nyob rau hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov welders muaj ib tug nkhaus seam nrog uneven filling. Xws li qhov tsis xws luag tuaj yeem ua tau vim qhov tsis sib xws ntawm electrode kev taw qhia. Nws raug tshem tawm tsuas yog nrog cov txheej txheem kev paub dhau los ua tus welder.

Qhov thib ob feem ntau qhov tsis zoo yog qhov kev xaiv tsis raug ntawm qhov ntev ntawm qhov ntev lossis lub zog tam sim no, uas ua rau tsis sib xws los yog "undercuts". Nyob ntawm seb hom kev puas tsuaj, qhov zoo nkauj ntawm cov seams los yog lawv lub zog yuav raug kev txom nyem.

Tsis muaj fusion

Raws li qhov tsis muaj fusion hauv cov cai rau kev tsim cov welds thiab lwm cov lus qhia, lawv nkag siab tsis txaus sau ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom nrog hlau. tshwm sim hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:

• Muag lossis tsis zoo edging khoom.
• Low amperage.
• Electrode ceev heev.

Undercut - ib qho tsis tsim nyog groove nyob rau ntawm seam. Qhov tsis xws luag tshwm sim vim qhov arc ntawm qhov ntev. Tiv thaiv los ntawm shortening lub arc ntev los yog teem ib tug dua tam sim no.

Hlawv dhau - lub qhov hauv seam - tshwm sim rau ntau yam:

• Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov npoo hlau.
• High current.
• Slow electrode txav.

Sagging thiab pores yog qhov me me uas tshwm sim hauv cov lej loj thiab tsis zoo rau lub zog ntawm cov seam tiav. Tej zaum yuav muaj ntau yam laj thawj rau lawv qhov tsos:

• Txoj kab xeb thiab av ntawm cov hlau.
• Oxygen tsoo cov hlau molten thaum ua haujlwm hauv cov cua ntsawj ntshab.
• Kev tsis zoo hlau edging.
• tsis zoo electrodes.
• Siv cov xaim xaim.

Thaum kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov seams tawg, tawg tshwm sim. Muaj tshwm sim tom qab txias ntawm cov hlau molten thiab portend kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev sib txuas. Tib txoj kev uas yuav cawm tau qhov xwm txheej yog los ntawm kev zom cov suture los yog tshem tawm tag nrho thiab tom qab ntawd thov ib qho tshiab.

Ncig ua noj ntau hom tshuaj sib xyaws

Nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj rau kawm paub siv cov khoom siv zoo thiab ruaj khov ntawm koj tus kheej: rau lub hom phiaj no, muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv tshaj lij, uas qhia tsis tau tsuas yog cov lus qhia ua noj xwb, tab sis kuj yog qhov piv ntawm Lavxias. thiab thoob ntiaj teb designations ntawm vuam seams nrog rau lwm yam nuances. Txhua hom seam muaj nws tus kheej subtleties uas yuav tsum tau paub.

Cov pib pib tau qhia kom pib nrog hluav taws xob arc vuam thiab kev npaj tsim nyog ntawm cov cuab yeej tsim nyog.

Cov khoom siv hauv qab no tab tom npaj rau hluav taws xob arc vuam:

• vuam khoom.
• Electrodes ntawm txoj kab uas hla.
• Rauj los yog chisel ntxuav seams.
• txhuam txhuam txhuam rau qhov chaw welded.
• Tshwj xeeb lub teeb lim thiab daim npog qhov ncauj.

Tshwj xeeb thiab tib lub sijhawm yooj yim yuav tsum tau ua rau ntawm cov khaub ncaws welder: nws yuav tsum yog tuab, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua - nrog hnab looj tes thiab lub tes tsho ntev. Thaum ua hauj lwm nrog ib tug qub vuamkhoom siv, nws yog ntshaw kom siv lub rectifier thiab transformer.