Pov tseg rov ua dua tshiab hauv tebchaws Russia: nta, kev xav tau thiab qhov tseeb nthuav

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Kev rov ua dua tshiab hauv tebchaws Russia, zoo li ntau lwm yam, txawv peb lub tebchaws los ntawm sab hnub poob. Yeej, nyob rau hauv Western lub teb chaws, cov khib nyiab yog txheeb raws li tej yam. Ministry of Natural Resources ntawm Lavxias Federation tsis xav kom maj nrawm nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov pov tseg incineration mus rau nws cov txheej txheem.

Department and Federal Agency Proposed solution

Nyob rau hauv Russia, cov nroj tsuag incineration pov tseg yog siv hauv zos rau pov tseg. Raws li cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Ministry of Natural Resources, cov nroj tsuag no muaj zog heev thiab raug nqi ntau thiab muaj sia nyob ntau ntawm tsoomfwv cov nyiaj pab. Tab sis lub chaw haujlwm no tseem npaj yuav tsim cov nroj tsuag khib nyiab pov tseg raws li lub tswv yim pom zoo rau kev kho cov khib nyiab kom txog thaum 2030. Rosprirodnadzor suav hais tias kev siv tshuaj tua hluav taws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev pov tseg pov tseg.

Vim li cas kev tua tsis yog qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj

Yuav daws qhov teeb meem ntawm cov khib nyiab hauv Russia nrog kev pab ntawm incineration yog txaus ntshai los ntawm ib puag ncig ntawm kev pom. Nrog kev pab los ntawm incinerators, MSW hloov mus ua pa luam yeeb, uas muaj tag nrho cov carcinogens uas tsis dispersed los ntawm.ib puag ncig thaum khaws cov khib nyiab hauv qhov chaw pov tseg. Raws li kev tsim kho ntawm cov nroj tsuag zoo li no, kev nce hauv qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntau yam mob hnyav, suav nrog mob qog noj ntshav tuaj yeem pom. Tab sis txawm hais tias qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim siab raug tshem tawm ntawm thaj tsam ntawm cov kab mob loj tshaj plaws, emissions nrog carcinogens ua rau muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj - cov kab mob scourge nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los. Cov khib nyiab hlawv tawm cov dioxins, uas yog qhov txaus ntshai tshaj li strychnine thiab potassium cyanide.

Qhov teeb meem ntawm kev rov ua dua pov tseg hauv tebchaws Russia muaj, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau daws.

Junk business concept

Kev lag luam rov ua dua tshiab yuav tsum ua raws li kev tsim cov chaw tsim khoom tsim nyog. Zoo li lwm yam kev lag luam, qhov kev lag luam no yuav tsum muaj cov peev txheej thawj zaug rau kev xauj lossis yuav qhov chaw, ntiav cov neeg ua haujlwm uas yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm ntawm cov cuab yeej tsim nyog, tab sis qhov no kuj yuav tsum tau yuav.

Dhau li ntawm no, koj yuav tau sau ntau pawg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv uas tso cai rau hom haujlwm no.

Nws tseem yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab seb cov khib nyiab yuav muab li cas thiab yuav muag li cas. Thawj qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim tias tsis muaj kab lis kev cai ntawm kev khaws cov khib nyiab hauv peb lub tebchaws - ntawm ib cheeb tsam hauv cheeb tsam, nws yog tag nrho khaws cia rau hauv ib lub hnab yam tsis muaj kev sib cais thiab muab pov rau hauv lub thoob khib nyiab. Raws li Rosprirodnadzor cov kws tshaj lij, yog tias lub xeev tsis txhawb cov tuam txhab ntawm cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab los yuav los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom pov tseg, cov nroj tsuag no tsis muaj lub neej yav tom ntej.

Rau cov pov tseg rov ua lag luam hauv Russia, muaj qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zootes.

Txoj kev zoo ntawm kev lag luam khib nyiab

• Trash is limitless.
• Cov khoom lag luam ua tiav, raws li kev paub dhau los hauv ntiaj teb, yuav tsum xav tau.
• Kev lag luam zoo li no yuav tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm hauv nroog, vim tias kev rov ua dua tshiab kuj ua rau lawv mob taub hau.
• Cov khoom lag luam tuaj yeem ua cov khoom sib txawv, lossis tej zaum qee qhov tshwj xeeb, uas ua rau nws yooj yim rau kev txiav txim siab pib ua lag luam.
• Xyaum xoom kev sib tw - raws li yuav qhia hauv qab no, muaj kev xyaum tsis muaj cov khoom pov tseg hauv tebchaws Russia.
• Nrog lub koom haum tsim nyog ntawm kev tsim khoom, cov nroj tsuag no tuaj yeem ua tiav them thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig hauv ob peb xyoos.

Txoj kev tsis zoo ntawm kev lag luam khib nyiab

• Qhov tsis zoo tseem ceeb yog kev cais cov khib nyiab, raws li tau hais los saum toj no.
• Tus nqi siab - cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem lossis tsis them nrog kev tsis paub ntawv, tab sis nws yuav xav tau cov nqi pib, thiab cov nqi no yuav tsis them rau ntau xyoo.
• Ib pawg loj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas lub tuam txhab yuav tsum tau ua nrog hauv kev lag luam no.
• Nrhiav cov neeg muag khoom thiab cov neeg yuav khoom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum pib ua lag luam, nyuaj heev.

Trash statistics

Cia muab cov txheeb cais ntawm cov khoom pov tseg hauv tebchaws Russia. Tsuas yog 4% ntawm tag nrho cov ntim hauv peb lub tebchaws tau rov ua dua. Nyob rau hauv 2017, lub ntim ntawm cov khoom pov tseg nyob rau hauv Russia tshaj 60 billion tons nrog ib xyoos ib zaug ntxiv ntawm 60 lab tons.

Txhua yam khib nyiab hauv peb lub tebchaws muaj txog li 4 lab hectares, uas yog piv rau thaj tsam ntawm Switzerland lossis Holland. Txhua xyoo cheeb tsam no nce 10%, uas yog piv rau tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm ob lub nroog ntawm Russia.

Tam sim no, muaj txog 15,000 qhov chaw pov tseg hauv lub tebchaws uas tau tso cai los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm, tus naj npawb ntawm cov chaw pov tseg, raws li ntau qhov chaw, thaj tsam li 200 txog 1000.

Ntau qhov chaw pov tseg tsis raug cai. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog nyob rau hauv Leningrad, Chelyabinsk, Moscow, Sverdlovsk thiab ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm cheeb tsam.

Cov nroj tsuag pov tseg hauv tebchaws Russia

Cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm Rosprirodnadzor qhia tias tsuas muaj xya qhov chaw pov tseg hauv peb lub tebchaws, uas nyob hauv Moscow, Sochi, Murmansk, Vladivostok, Pyatigorsk. Ntawm no, cov khib nyiab raug hlawv, qhov tshwm sim tshauv thiab slag raug nias thiab pov tseg los ntawm kev faus. Ntxiv mus, tsuas yog 7-10% ntawm cov khoom khib nyiab tuaj raug hlawv. Tus nqi hlawv MSW siab dua tus nqi faus nws.

Raws li lwm qhov chaw, muaj ntau dua 200 lub tuam txhab pov tseg hauv tebchaws Russia, nrog rau txog 50 qhov chaw pov tseg. Cia peb saib ze dua ntawm qee cov npe ntawm cov khoom siv pov tseg hauv tebchaws Russia.

Lub Novokuznetsk pov tseg cov nroj tsuag tau ua haujlwm hauv cheeb tsam Kemerovo txij li xyoo 2008. Cov khib nyiab tau txheeb ntawm no, cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab, cov khib nyiab seemfaus rau ntawm qhov chaw pov tseg tsim tau 75 xyoo.

Txoj kab sib cais ntawm cov khoom siv pov tseg tau qhib hauv thaj av Kursk xyoo 2013.

Nyob hauv Krasnoyarsk muaj cov nroj tsuag pov tseg "Lub Nroog Huv Huv", uas ua tiav txog 730,000 tons ntawm cov khib nyiab hauv lub xyoo. Cov khoom siv rov ua dua raug xa mus rau kev rov ua dua tshiab, cov khib nyiab seem pov tseg ntawm lawv tus kheej qhov chaw pov tseg.

Nyob rau xyoo 2014, lub chaw tsim khoom pov tseg tau tsim tawm hauv Orenburg. Nws tuaj yeem ua cov tshuaj lom neeg xws li pov tseg kev kho mob, mercury. Cov nroj tsuag yog nruab nrog ib tsob nroj perolysis. Kev ua tiav yog ua tau mus txog 250,000 tons ib xyoos twg. Kev txheeb xyuas yog ua tiav manually. Cov seem yog muab faus rau ntawm qhov chaw pov tseg thiab muab ntim nrog cov menyuam.

Ntau lub tshuab khib nyiab ua haujlwm hauv cheeb tsam Moscow. Cov no suav nrog State Unitary Enterprise "Spetszavod No. 2", "Spetszavod No. 3" (cov nroj tsuag no tau ua haujlwm nrog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg), thiab Rudnevo khib nyiab incineration cog tau ua haujlwm txij li xyoo 2003.

Kev paub thoob ntiaj teb hauv kev cuam tshuam nrog cov khib nyiab

Cov khib nyiab tam sim no tsis yog tsuas yog lub ntiaj teb, tab sis kuj yog dej hiav txwv. Xyoo 1997, tus kws sau dej hiav txwv Amelikas C. Moore, hla North Pacific Spiral, pom tias nws nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm cov khib nyiab deb ntawm thaj av. Raws li nws, nws tau siv ib lub lim tiam kom kov yeej pawg no.

Nyob hauv ntau lub teb chaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, cov khib nyiab tau sau tsis nyob rau hauv ib lub thawv, tab sis nyob rau hauv sib txawv, tom qab muab cais. Nyob rau hauv Ljubljana hauv Slovenia, thiab nyob rau hauv Russia, lawv tau mus tsimpov tseg incineration nroj tsuag. Lawv cov kev tsim kho tau suav nrog hauv qhov project 2014, tab sis lub teb chaws cov thawj coj hloov nws lub siab nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm. Ib tug neeg ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb mus rau cov tsev. Kev xav tau rau kev rov ua dua tshiab thiab siv cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab tau txhawb nqa ntawm cov pej xeem.

Nyob hauv kaw

Pov tseg rov ua dua tshiab hauv Russia yog thawj theem ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob. Cov khib nyiab tsawg heev yog rov siv dua. Hauv Russia, kev lag luam khib nyiab tsis tsim. Nws muaj nws tus kheej lub zeem muag, tab sis cov neeg uas tsis ntshai ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, leej twg muaj nyiaj rau thawj lub peev uas tuaj yeem pheej hmoo yuav tsum sim lawv txhais tes. Kev coj noj coj ua yuav tsum mloog cov kws tshaj lij ib puag ncig thiab, tsis yog tsim cov nroj tsuag pov tseg, ua tib zoo saib lub ntiaj teb kev paub txog kev ua pov tseg.