Silicate iav: ntau lawm thiab siv

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-02 13:55

iav yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv nrov tshaj plaws hauv kev thov rau ntau yam ntawm lub neej. Nws yog siv rau hauv kev tsim kho thiab kev ua tiav, kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev siv thiab kev kos duab siab yog tsim los ntawm nws, thiab siv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw lag luam. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov muaj, yooj yim hauv cov ntaub ntawv muaj pes tsawg leeg. Hom uas peb feem ntau ntsib thiab siv cov khoom los ntawm nws yog silicate iav.

Qhov no yog dab tsi?

Cov iav qub tshaj plaws yog cov hlaws pom thaum lub sijhawm khawb hauv tebchaws Iziv, cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias qhov pom muaj ntau tshaj tsib txhiab xyoo. Txij thaum ntawd los, muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm iav tau hloov me ntsis. Lub ntsiab ntawm cov khoom yog quartz xuab zeb (Si0_{2) - silicate. Soda, potash, limestone thiab ob peb lwm yam ntxiv rau nws.}

Hauv kev lag luam, kom tau txais lub khob loj, oxides ntawm cov khoom siv yooj yim yog sib xyaw thiab yaj hauv qhov cub. Lub melting point yog nyob ntawm additives uas hloov lub zog ntawm lub iav. Lub resulting loj yog molded nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev: los ntawm kev ua daim iav, muab nws ntau yam duab (zaub mov, ntxoov ntxoo rau chandeliers, iav rau moos, thiab lwm yam), ua blanks rau tom ntej piece ua los ntawm iav blowers, thiab ntau ntxiv.

BLomonosov M. V., Kitaygorodsky N. I. ua ib qho tseem ceeb rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm glassmaking, Mendeleev D. I. thiab lwm tus neeg xav nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim sab ntawm qhov teeb meem. Nws yog dab tsi? Cov khoom siv uas muaj cov qauv amorphous-crystalline ntawm cov qauv, tau los ntawm melting tov oxides nrog rau qhov txias txias.

iav

Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov iav yog quartz xuab zeb, uas tsawg kawg tsib cov khoom xyaw ntxiv rau hauv proportions. Nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj ntxiv ntawm kev siv cov khoom tau txais, cov khoom siv ntxiv yog tsim rau hauv daim ntawv qhia tseem ceeb: oxidizing agents, silencing agents, decolorizers, dyes, accelerators, and so on. Hlau oxides yog siv los ua dyes. Piv txwv li, tooj liab yuav xim lub iav loj, hlau yuav muab xiav lossis daj tint, cob alt oxides yuav muab xim xiav, thiab cov nyiaj colloidal yuav muab xim daj.

Cov khoom sib xyaw qhuav tau ntim rau hauv lub khob yaj hauv lub qhov cub, qhov twg cov khoom siv yog yaj ntawm qhov kub ntawm 1200-1600 ° C, cov txheej txheem yuav siv sij hawm 12 mus rau 96 teev. Cov iav ntau lawm yog ua tiav los ntawm cov txheej txheem cua txias sai, tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej no lub iav loj yuav tau txais tag nrho cov khoom tsim nyog: pob tshab, kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo thiab cov khoom ntxiv uas tau muab tso rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib xyaw oxides.

Type of silicate glass

Cov khoom siv ntau lawm yog cov txheej txheem siv hluav taws xob, thiab ua haujlwm los ntawm kev lag luam silicate. Cov iav ntau lawm hauv kev lag luam yuav siv qhov chaw hauvtunnel hom furnaces nrog kev tu ncua ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Qhuav mix yog loaded los ntawm ib kawg ntawm lub kiln, cov khoom tiav yog unloaded ntawm qhov tawm.

Vim yog daim ntawv thov dav hauv ntau qhov kev lag luam, silicate iav tuaj yeem muab faib ua hom:

• Quartz tsis muaj impurities ntawm oxides ntawm sodium, potassium yog alkali-dawb iav. Nws muaj kev ua haujlwm siab rau cov cua sov thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo heev. Ntawm qhov shortcomings - nyuaj rau txheej txheem.
• Soda, potassium, sodium-potassium - alkaline iav. Hom khoom siv feem ntau haum rau kev siv dav dav. Nws yog siv los ua iav rau lub thoob dej yug ntses, qhov rais iav, tais diav thiab lwm yam.
• Alkaline nrog cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm cov hlau oxides hnyav. Piv txwv li, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov hlau lead yog tsim nyog kom tau txais cov iav siv lead ua, kho qhov muag.

siv ntau yam

Silicate iav muaj ntau yam khoom uas tso cai rau nws siv ntau yam. Txhua yam ntawm nws qhov zoo tuaj yeem txhim kho, nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas nrog cov sijhawm ntxiv qhib. Piv txwv li, amalgam-coated iav ua haujlwm ua daim iav thiab tuaj yeem siv los ua lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag raws li qee qhov xwm txheej.

Cov khoom tu cev thiab cov khoom siv ntawm iav yog qhov tsis lees paub. Cov khoom siv tsis muaj porosity, uas txhais tau hais tias cov kab mob pathogenic tsis sib xyaw hauv nws, nws yooj yim los ntxuav, tiv taus cov khoom noj khoom haus. Thaum tshav kub kub-resistant lauj kaub tais diav los ntawm nws yog multi-tasking: koj muaj peev xwm ci nyob rau hauv ib tug kub kub nyob rau hauv qhov cub los yog muab tso rau hauvlub freezer tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj.

Txheej thiab thickness

Cov khoom muaj qhov sib txawv, uas txiav txim siab nws lub peev xwm. Daim ntawv, 2 hli tuab, haum rau qhov rais. iav rau lub thoob dej yug ntses yog siv tsawg kawg yog 5 hli, nyob ntawm qhov ntim ntawm cov dej nchuav rau hauv lub thawv. Txawm li cas los xij, aquarists tau nce mus rau qhov xaus tias kev siv cov acrylic analogue yooj yim dua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias yuav tsum muaj peev xwm ntawm 500 litres lossis ntau dua.

Kev siv cov khoom siv laminated (triplex) nthuav dav qhov muaj peev xwm: cov ntaub nplaum nrog cov yeeb yaj kiab polymer yog qhov ua tau zoo, nws muaj kev nyab xeeb, vim nws tsis tawg. Nws yog qhov ua tau tsis yooj yim sua kom tawg ob lub iav silicate nrog lub thickness ntawm 10 hli nrog ib zaj duab xis txheej nrog rauj. Triplex yog siv los ua cov choj pob tshab, cladding ntawm lub tsev facades, pas dej ua ke fencing, thiab lwm yam.

Properties

Kev siv cov khoom siv silicate pom nws qhov chaw hauv kev tsim kho. Lawv siv tsis tau tsuas yog rau kev tsim cov qhov rais, tab sis kuj raws li kev tiv thaiv ntxiv thiab ib tug binder. Yog li, lub hauv paus blocks raug kho nrog kua iav, uas ua rau lawv tiv taus ya raws, fungus, kub hloov pauv, thiab lwm yam.

Curved translucent lossis matte khoom siv hauv lub neej txhua hnub, rooj tog rooj tog, chav da dej, tsev facades thiab lwm yam yog tsim los ntawm nws.

Silicate iav muaj cov khoom nram qab no:

• Transparency.
• Reflective.
• Sustainable.
• Kub resistant.
• Resistant mus aggressive chemical ib puag ncig.
• Resistant mus rau ntuj aggressive ib puag ncig.
• Durability.
• Tsawg thermal conductivity.

Cov khoom zoo ntxiv, xws li tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab thiab kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom siv los ntawm kev ua kom tawv nqaij. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov txheej txheem yog cua kub ceev thiab tib lub sijhawm txias txias hauv lub sijhawm luv luv. Lub zog nce los ntawm 4-5 zaug. Nws yog siv los ua cov iav saib, qhov rooj nplooj, rooj tog zaum, sab hauv partitions.

Tsim cov khoom

Silicate glassware thiab khoom siv hauv tsev yog tsim los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev:

• nias. Cov viscous loj yog nchuav rau hauv cov pwm ruaj khov, tom qab uas qee qhov ntsuas tau teeb tsa siv qhov txav tau ntawm cov pwm (punch). Cov pwm nyob rau sab hauv tuaj yeem muaj cov qauv hloov mus rau sab nrauv ntawm cov khoom thaum lub sij hawm stamping.
• tshuab tawm. Sib txawv ntawm cov tshuab thiab phau ntawv. Phab ntsa thickness ntawm cov khoom txawv ntawm 1 hli mus rau 10 hli. Vases, fwj, cawv txiv hmab, tsom iav yog ua li no. Tes tshuab yog ib qho txuj ci. Master glassblowers tsim cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev sib txuas cov pob tshab thiab xim, nrog rau cov hlau, cov khoom siv raw, kub thiab lwm yam hauv lub cev ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Tsis muaj cov khoom siv tes ua tshuab zoo ib yam.
• Nkauj. Nws yog tsuas yog siv los ua figurines, figurines. Hauv kev lag luam, los ntawm casting, opticaliav.
• Multi-stage articulation. Cov khoom tsim los ntawm ob lub thev naus laus zis yog siv: tshuab thiab nias. Piv txwv li, lub khob ntim tau tshuab thiab lub qia yog nias, cov khoom tiav txuas nrog.

Kev kho kom zoo nkauj

Silicate iav yog cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau ntau hom kev kho kom zoo nkauj. Paub qhov txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias tsim.

khoom noj kub muaj xws li:

• Coloring hauv ntau nrog hlau oxides.
• Kev sib xyaw ntau ntawm cov xim sib txawv nrog ntxiv shaping (Venetian iav nrog stains).
• Txhob Cia Siab. Qhov loj yog molded rau hauv ib yam khoom, txias sharply, raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov nto tawg, thiab cov khoom yog melted los kho nws.
• Fusing.
• Kub txoj hlua, xov nrog cov khoom ntxiv tom ntej rau cov khoom.
• Tsim cov duab ntxiv ntawm ntug thaum tshuab. Ua tiav los ntawm kev siv cov cuab yeej.

Cold décor forms:

• Mechanical: sib tsoo, engraving, pob zeb diamond txiav, sandblasting.
• Tshuaj: etching nrog hydrofluoric acid.
• Applied: painting, decal drawing, silk screen printing, metallization, plasma spraying, painting with luster paints.

Lwm hom iav

Cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub tau ua rau nws muaj peev xwm muab cov iav silicate ntxiv qhov zoo. Ntawm no, qhov nthuav tshaj plaws thiab nrhiav tom qab yog:

Smart iav: hom khoom hloov pauvlawv cov khoom nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm sab nraud tej yam kev mob. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no, cov khoom yuav npub, thaum lub Circuit Court yog disconnected, nws rov qab mus rau lub pob tshab.

Fiberglass (fiberglass): tau los ntawm kev kos cov khoom rau hauv nyias (ntsuas hauv microns) xov. Lawv tsim cov khoom siv tau yooj yim. Siv rau kev tsim cov fiber ntau optics, insulating cov ntaub ntawv, thiab lwm yam.

Clarified iav: zoo tib yam silicate iav muaj ib tug ntsuab lossis greyish tint uas pom meej meej thaum saib los ntawm kev txiav. Yog li ntawd, lub canvas hloov mus ua xim me ntsis. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj qhov cuam tshuam no, brighteners tau ntxiv thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom kom tsis txhob muaj xim tsis xav tau. Nws txawv ntawm cov khoom siv zoo tib yam hauv kev sib kis lub teeb, hloov cov xim tsis muaj xim hloov.