Yak-130 aircraft: specifications, piav qhia, daim duab thiab tshuaj xyuas

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Rau ntau tshaj li ib puas xyoo ntawm keeb kwm aviation, obsolete hom tshuab tau txais kev pab raws li "flying desk". Nws tau ntseeg tias yav tom ntej tus kws tsav dav hlau yuav tsum kawm paub txog kev tswj hwm thawj zaug ntawm qee yam yooj yim ua ntej nkag mus rau hauv lub cockpit ntawm lub dav hlau niaj hnub. Qhov kev lig kev cai no tau ua txhaum los ntawm cov neeg tsim qauv ntawm Design Bureau. A. S. Yakovleva thiab NPK Irkut, uas tau tsim lub dav hlau Yak-130, cov yam ntxwv ntawm uas yog heev ze rau qhov tsis muaj interceptors ntawm plaub, thiab nyob rau hauv qee txoj kev txawm tiam thib tsib.

Winged Desks

Tau plaub xyoos lawm, cov tsev kawm ntawv dav hlau tau siv Czechoslovakian L-29s thiab L-39s rau kev cob qhia huab cua. Yav dhau los, yav tom ntej pilots tau kawm nyob rau hauv Yak-52, txawm tias ua ntej - ntawm Yak-18. Ua ntej ua tsov ua rog, tus naas ej U-2 (aka Po-2) tau ua haujlwm ua "lub rooj ya". Tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub USSR thiab tag nrho cov socialist camp, cov cav tov uas ua rau lub technical park ntawm siab dua aviation tsev kawm ntawv loj hlob laus, tsis tsuas yog coj ncaj ncees, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub yooj yim, lub cev kev xav. Kev xa khoom tsis yog ntawm lub dav hlau xwb, tab sis kuj cov khoom seem tau nres, thiab cov peev txheej ntawm lub cev muaj zog tsis tu ncua. Qhov xwm txheej tau ua rau hnyav zuj zus los ntawm kev cob qhia kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo tom qab qhov xwm txheej tiag tiag hauv Air Force units, uas tau pib tau txais cov kev cuam tshuam tshiab thiab MiG-29 thiab Su-27 pem hauv ntej kab. Ntawm L-39, nws tau dhau los ua teeb meem, yog tias tsis ua tsis tau, los cob qhia cov kws tsav dav hlau rau cov tshuab niaj hnub. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ib lub tsev kawm kev cob qhia kev tsav dav hlau hauv tebchaws Russia uas nyiam lub koob npe nrov thoob ntiaj teb, thiab nws yuav yog qhov yuam kev kom poob lub khw no.

Nyob rau thaum ntxov 90s, cov lus txib ntawm USSR Air Force pib pib tsim kev ua haujlwm hauv kev tsim lub dav hlau kev cob qhia tshiab. Thaum kawg, Yak-130 tau lees paub tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws: nws cov yam ntxwv kev sib raug zoo rau cov tub rog xav tau ntau tshaj plaws. Qhov no, txawm li cas los xij, tsis tau tshwm sim tam sim ntawd, muaj kev sib tw ua ntej.

Kev xaiv sib tw

Plaub lub chaw tsim khoom tau nthuav tawm lawv cov kev xav txog kev tsim qauv ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej UTC (kev cob qhia complex) thaum pib ntawm 1991:

- Sukhoi Design Bureau.

- ANPK MiG.

- OKB im. A. S. Yakovleva.

- EMZ im. V. M. Myasishcheva.

LubTTZ tau tsim kho me ntsis vaguely thiab vim li no cov ntsiab lus sib txawv heev. Sukhoi Design Bureau tau tshaj tawm cov qauv S-54, uas yog ib qho version ntawm Su-27 interceptor hloov mus rau kev cob qhia. Lub tshuab no yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev cob qhia twb tau ntsib cov kws tsav dav hlau dua li cov neeg pib tshiab. Mikoyanovites, nkag siab txog kev lag luamcov teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, coj txoj kev ntawm minimizing nqi, thiab raws li lawv tau txais ib tug pheej yig, tab sis tsis heev raws li lub siab xav ntawm lub Air Force aircraft. Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tsim Kho Myasishchev tau mus txog qhov teeb meem muaj tswv yim, tawm tswv yim txoj kev xaiv uas muaj ncaj qha "tis lub rooj" thiab kev cob qhia hauv av, tab sis lawv tau nqa me ntsis, thiab lawv txoj haujlwm tau dhau los ua kim heev, ntxiv rau, tsis yog. twin-engine, raws li qhia hauv TOR. Qhov kev vam meej tshaj plaws yog Yakovlevites, uas tau tswj kom tau raws li yuav luag txhua qhov kev xav tau hauv txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws. Lub swept-rov qab, ze tshaj rau cov txheej txheem niaj hnub no, kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub davhlau yak-130, nrog rau cov txheej txheem ntawm kev xaiv ntxiv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab cov txheej txheem simulators raws li PC thiab cov chav kawm qhia tau zoo. Raws li qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm Cua Tub Rog, cov ntawv cog lus tau xaus nrog ob lub chaw tsim khoom - Mikoyan thiab Yakovlev, uas tau muab los ua haujlwm ua ke.

Tus khub txawv teb chaws

Teeb meem nrog lub xeev nyiaj txiag ntawm thawj xyoo ntawm kev muaj sia nyob ntawm Russia paub zoo. Txhawm rau kom muaj kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov dej num tau teeb tsa, cov chaw tsim khoom tsim tau ntsib nrog qhov xav tau los tshawb nrhiav cov tub ua lag luam. Tshwj xeeb, Fabkis cov tuam txhab Turbomeca (tswj cav) thiab Thomson (avionics), uas tab tom ntsib teeb meem vim qhov kev kaw ntawm Alpha Jet program, tau pom muaj kev txaus siab rau qhov project. Lub hom phiaj los koom tes kuj tau hais tawm los ntawm Italians (lub tuam txhab tsim dav hlau Ermacchi), uas kuj tau nias los ntawm cov neeg Askiv hauv khw. Lub sijhawm no, lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam tau pom, uas yog qhov ntawdIb lub dav hlau "huv" tsis zoo li yuav tsum tau muaj nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam, tab sis yog tias nws tseem tuaj yeem siv los ua lub dav hlau sib ntaus sib tua, ces lwm qhov teeb meem. Nws tau muab tawm tias Yak-130 yog qhov tsim nyog rau qhov no, cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua tau zoo, suav nrog lub vojvoog ua haujlwm, qhov loj ntawm cov nqa nqa, ceev thiab maneuverability, sib haum mus rau txawv teb chaws cov cai.

Aerodynamics thiab tag nrho layout

Qee qhov kev hloov pauv hauv qhov yuav tsum tau muaj tshwm sim hauv qhov pom ntawm lub tshuab cua: nws lub qhov ntswg tau dhau los ua rounder (tam sim no nws muaj radar lossis qhov chaw kho qhov muag qhov chaw). Tam sim no nws yog tsim nyog los cob qhia tsis tau tsuas yog Lavxias teb sab, tab sis kuj txawv teb chaws pilots, thiab qhov no yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm lub Yak-130. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshuab tshiab, ob qho tib si Lavxias teb sab Su-27 thiab MiG-29, thiab American F-16, tau ua tib zoo txheeb xyuas. Nws muab tawm tias lub dav hlau yuav tsum tau nce lub siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev tawm tsam mus rau 40 ° thiab ntau dua. Feem ntau, super-maneuverability xav tau. Qhov dav dav aerodynamics tau ua zoo ib yam li cov tswv yim tau txais los rau tiam thib tsib ntawm kev cuam tshuam, suav nrog cov duab tshwj xeeb tis thiab nws cov tshuab ua haujlwm siab, txhua qhov kev txav chaw stabilizers thiab tus Tsov tus tw ntsug tig mus rau pem hauv ntej.

Imitator thiab Demonstrator

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev tsim lub dav hlau kev cob qhia tshiab yog kev siv cov thev naus laus zis tshiab tshaj plaws. Tag nrho cov onboard systems yog raws li nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab cov cuab yeej thiab cov cuab yeej, nrog rau cov kev qhia digitalfly-by-wire tswj system thiab lub peev xwm los reprogram los txiav txim seb hom aircraft uas tus tsav yuav piloting. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv thawj lub sij hawm ntawm kev cob qhia, lub aircraft yog "loyal" rau novice cadet, nws zam txim rau nws ua yuam kev, thiab tom qab ntawd ua ntau thiab nruj. Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Air Force, flights ntawm Su thiab MiGs yog feem ntau simulated, tab sis, nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus, tsis muaj ib yam nyuaj rau tsim ib tug tag nrho illusion ntawm kev tswj lub European Mirage-2000, Rafal, Typhoon los yog American F-18, F-16. thiab F-15 thiab txawm F-35 los ntawm kev nkag mus rau lawv cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo rau hauv kev simulator program. Yak-130D (ib tsab ntawv ntxiv txhais tau tias "tus qauv") ua nws thawj lub davhlau thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1996.

Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws

Yog tias tsim nyog, lub dav hlau tuaj yeem siv los ua ib qho kev tawm tsam.

Yak-130 tuaj yeem nqa txog li peb tons ntawm missiles lossis foob pob. Cov yam ntxwv kev, suav nrog tus nqi nce thiab maneuverability, ntawm lub tsheb thauj khoom tag nrho, tau kawg, yuav ua rau tsis zoo, tab sis qhov no yog qhov siv tau thaum muaj kev tawm tsam hauv huab cua.

Ua raws li lub tswv yim dav dav ntawm daim ntawv thov thoob ntiaj teb, cov neeg tsim qauv tau nruab lub dav hlau nrog yim qhov nyuaj hauv qab tis thiab ib lub ventral pylon. Armaments tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv ntau qhov sib xyaw ua ke:

- UR R-73 "air-to-air" - 4 pcs.

- UR X-25M "air-to-surface" - 4 pcs.

- NURSs hauv blocks UB-32, PU-O-25 thiab lwm yam calibers (los ntawm 57 mus rau 266 hli) - raws li tus naj npawb ntawm pendants.

- Air bombs 250 lossis 500 kg(nrog rau kev tho pob zeb) - raws li kev txwv loj.

- RBC-500 foob pob tawg.

- Incendiary tanks ZB-500.

- Cannon containers.

Txhim kho lub vojvoog sib ntaus sib tua, ib lossis peb lub pylon tuaj yeem siv los dai cov roj tank ntxiv.

Ntse

Lub hom phiaj cov nuj nqis yog qhov zoo siab, tshwj xeeb yog xav txog qhov me me thiab qhov hnyav ntawm Yak-130.

Kev ua tau zoo ntawm Yak-130:

• length - 11,245 mm;
• wing span - 9,720 mm;
• siab - 4,760 mm;
• siab tshaj tawm qhov hnyav - txog 9 tons;
• combat load - 3 tons;
• siab tshaj plaws - 1050 km / h;
• lub qab nthab - 12,000 m;
• tso cai dhau ntawm +8 G txog -3G;
• tso cai lub kaum sab xis ntawm kev tawm tsam - 40 degrees;
• ntau yam tsis muaj PTB - mus txog 1060 km;
• ferry ntau yam tsis muaj PTB - txog 2000 km;
• takeoff khiav - 335 m;
• takeoff ceev - 195 km/h;
• tsaws nrawm - 180 km / h;
• motor resource - 10 txhiab lub davhlau teev lossis 30 xyoo.

tsoomfwv xaj

Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo txhiab, kev tso cov tub rog tsav tsheb tau txo qis dua piv rau lub sijhawm Soviet. Txawm li cas los xij, ntxiv rau cov tsev kawm ntawv, uas tsuas muaj peb sab laug xwb, cov chaw zov me nyuam rau cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv davhlau rov qab xav tau lub tshuab tshiab. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus nqi ntawm cov roj hauv lub xyoo caum dhau lostau loj hlob zoo, thiab nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm nws kev lag luam noj (tsuas yog 600 l / h) niaj hnub Yak-130 piv nrog rau cov li niaj zaus L-39. Cov lus piav qhia, cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo, muaj peev xwm kawm tau ya ntawm cov tshuab ntawm ntau hom - tag nrho qhov no coj mus rau qhov pib ntawm kev tsim khoom loj ntawm UTI tshiab.

Prospects

Tus neeg siv khoom tseem ceeb yog Lavxias Air Force. Lub dav hlau yog tsim los ntawm NAZ Sokol ntawm tus nqi kwv yees li kaum lub dav hlau txhua xyoo. Nws tau npaj los tsim kev cob qhia cov tub rog hauv Krasnodar. Tub Rog Tub Rog Tub Rog General ntawm Army V. Mikhailov tus kheej tau sim Yak-130. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub dav hlau, maneuverability, ntau yam ceev thiab yooj yim ntawm kev tswj tau ua ib tug zoo tswv yim rau nws. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej, tus naj npawb ntawm cov tsheb nyob rau hauv kev cob qhia units thiab retraining chaw yog npaj yuav nce mus rau peb puas, thiab cov kws txawj kwv yees tag nrho cov kev ua lag luam muaj peev xwm, nrog rau cov neeg muas zaub txawv teb chaws, ntawm 1000.