Dab tsi yog surfactants thiab lawv cuam tshuam li cas rau ib puag ncig?

Dab tsi yog surfactants thiab lawv cuam tshuam li cas rau ib puag ncig?
Dab tsi yog surfactants thiab lawv cuam tshuam li cas rau ib puag ncig?

Video: Dab tsi yog surfactants thiab lawv cuam tshuam li cas rau ib puag ncig?

Video: Dab tsi yog surfactants thiab lawv cuam tshuam li cas rau ib puag ncig?
Video: yuam kev ua koj txiv tsev by nuj xeem nkauj tawm tshiab 2020-2021 2024, Tej zaum
Anonim

Dej yog qhov hnyav tshaj plaws thoob ntiaj teb hauv peb lub ntiaj teb. Tsis ntev los sis tom qab ntawd, txhua yam khoom uas los rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog nws yuav dhau los ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydrolysis thiab decomposes.

ce pav
ce pav

Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum, cov txheej txheem no yuav tsum tau nrawm dua, tsis txhob tos kom nws mus dhau ntawm qhov nrawm nrawm. Surfactants yog siv rau qhov no.

Dab tsi yog surfactant? Cov no yog cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke uas ua rau kom muaj dej ntau ntxiv thiab txhim kho nws lub peev xwm kom ntub dej ntau lub cev. Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov nro ntawm qhov chaw - ib zaj duab xis nyias uas muaj cov kua molecules uas cais nws los ntawm qhov nruab nrab gaseous ib puag ncig. Cov txheej no muaj zog heev, nws tsim ib qho kev thaiv rau kev nkag mus ntawm cov dej rau hauv cov khoom uas yuav tsum tau saturated nrog molecules vim qee yam.

anionic surfactant
anionic surfactant

Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb vim li cas tib neeg nyiam ntub ntau yam khoom yog lub siab xav ntxuav lawv cov av, uas yog, ntxuav lossis ntxuav. Cov xab npum yog lub ntsiab thiab qub tshaj plaws surfactant uas tib neeg daws qhov teeb meem no, tab sis kev ua tiav ntawm cov chemistry niaj hnub no tau pom tias cov surfactant tsis yog cov cuab yeej zoo tshaj plaws. Txawm tias loj heevtus nqi ntawm xab npum tsim thiab siv, rau ntxhua khaub ncaws thiab ntxuav tais diav nws tsis tshua muaj siv niaj hnub no. Txij li thaum lub xyoo pua plaub caug ntawm lub xyoo pua XX, cov tshuaj ntxuav tes tshiab tau tshwm sim uas muaj lub hwj chim zoo kawg nkaus los rhuav tshem qhov nro.

Kev faib tawm ntawm cov surfactants raws li lawv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov qauv molecular thiab qhov cuam tshuam muaj xws li:

- Tsis yog-ionic surfactants.

- Amphoteric surfactants.

- Cationic surfactants.

- Anionic surfactants.

Kev faib tawm ntawm surfactant
Kev faib tawm ntawm surfactant

Rau tag nrho lawv cov tswv yim thiab kev lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig, cov khoom ua haujlwm saum npoo av tsim los ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj niaj hnub hauv cov khoom siv titanic tiag tiag ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau lub ntiaj teb ecology. Txawm hais tias muaj ib yam khoom uas tawg rau hauv carbohydrates tom qab siv. Nws tuaj yeem hais tias surfactant raws li alkyl polyglucosides muaj kev nyab xeeb rau ib puag ncig.

Qhov feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj ntxuav tes thiab tshuaj ntxuav cov hmoov yog resistant rau decomposition thiab khaws lawv cov khoom rau lub sijhawm ntev. Nkag mus rau hauv lub cev dej thiab dej hiav txwv, lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov khoom ntawm cov kua dej tseem ceeb ntawm peb lub ntiaj teb kom ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau lub neej. Tam sim no niaj hnub no (vim muaj ntau ntawm cov tshuaj detergents) nyuaj-rau-tshem tawm cov khoom hnyav hlau nkag mus rau hauv dej, suav nrog dej haus, los ntawm cov av, uas muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub cev. Cov teeb meem no yuav tsis muaj peev xwm yaj kom nquag plias hauv dej, nkag mus rau hauv nws los ntawm cov av, yog tias tsis muaj surfactants nyob rau hauv nws.nyob rau hauv txaus ntshai concentrations.

Nws yuav zoo li, qhov teeb meem yog dab tsi? Kev tsim tag nrho cov tshuaj detergents, tshwj tsis yog rau cov raws li kev nyab xeeb alkyl polyglucosides, yuav tsum tsuas yog txwv. Tab sis tsis yog txhua yam yooj yim heev. Qhov tseeb yog tias cov surfactant no kim dhau, thiab cov tshuaj detergents uas muaj nws nyob deb ntawm tus nqi pheej yig rau txhua tus. Cov neeg tsim khoom thiab cov neeg siv khoom tsis tshua xav txog qhov tseeb tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev xav tsis muaj tshuaj lom neeg tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj.

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