Lavxias teb sab nuclear aircraft carriers thiab lawv specifications

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Nuclear aircraft carriers yog cov tiam tshiab ntawm cov nkoj uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no tus thawj coj powers. Txawm li cas los xij, tib lub sijhawm, lawv xyaum tsis tau teev nyob rau hauv Lavxias Navy. Qhov teeb meem yog dab tsi? Yog vim li cas Lavxias teb sab Federation, uas nyob rau hauv ntau yam ua rau lub ntiaj teb no caj npab haiv neeg, kom deb li deb nyob rau hauv no taw qhia? Tom qab tag nrho, Tebchaws Meskas twb muaj tus lej tsim nyog ntawm cov nkoj no hauv Tshuag. Nyob qhov twg Russia lub nuclear aircraft carriers? Nws yog rau lo lus nug no uas koj yuav pom cov lus teb hauv kab lus no. Koj yuav nkag siab tias yog vim li cas qhov no ntawm caj npab kev sib tw nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation tau dhau los ua tsis muaj zog. Koj tseem yuav kawm txog cov nkoj ntawm hom no, uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv Russia, tab sis rau ib qho laj thawj lossis lwm qhov tsis tau xaus rau hauv Navy. Koj tseem tuaj yeem tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hais txog tib lub dav hlau thauj khoom hauv kev pabcuam nrog Navy, nrog rau seb cov tuam txhab Lavxias nuclear puas tau npaj rau yav tom ntej.

Ib txwm, nws tsis muaj tseeb kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb txog cov haujlwm no - cov neeg muaj lub luag haujlwm yuav hais ib yam hauv TV, lwm qhov yuav raug qhia rau hauv ntawv, tab sis qhov tseeb ib feem peb yuav tshwm sim. Yog li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv hais txog yav tom ntej ntawm nuclear aircraft carriers nyob rau hauv Russia yogspeculative purely.

Vim li cas thiaj tsis muaj cov dav hlau nuclear hauv tebchaws Russia?

Lavxias teb sab nuclear aircraft nqa yog lub ntsiab lus nthuav dav, txij li ib qho ntawm lub zog muaj zog tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb ua tub rog tsis muaj ntu loj thiab tseem ceeb yuav luag tag. Nws tuaj txog li cas? Tag nrho cov teeb meem nyob rau hauv cov keeb kwm uas Lavxias teb sab Federation tau txais los ntawm lub Union ntawm Soviet Socialist Republics. Kev ntes tuaj yeem pom thaum kawm txog kev ua tub rog txoj cai ntawm USSR - qhov tseeb yog tias lub xeev tau tso tseg tag nrho cov tsim cov dav hlau thauj khoom, tsis txawm xav txog lawv raws li lub tswv yim ntawm cov nkoj nqa aviation zog.

Tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub hnub ntawm lub Soviet Union, lub hauv paus tau muab tso rau qhov tsis sib xws ntawm qhov no nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej Russia nyob rau hauv kev sib piv, piv txwv li, nrog lub tebchaws United States. Yog li ntawd, Lavxias teb sab Federation thaum pib ntawm nws lub neej tsis muaj aircraft nqa thiab tsis muaj kev npaj thiab cov kev pab cuam rau lawv tsim, lub teb chaws ntsib lub tshiab txhiab xyoo nyob rau hauv tib txoj hauj lwm raws nraim, thiab niaj hnub no tsuas muaj lus xaiv txog thaum Lavxias teb sab nuclear aircraft. Cov neeg nqa khoom yuav tshwm sim thiab sib tham.

sim pib tsim khoom

Koj tsis tuaj yeem hais tias Soviet Union tsis tau sim. Nyob rau hauv lub seventies thaum ntxov, lub USSR tau npaj rau kev tsim kho ntawm thawj full-fledged nuclear aircraft carrier, uas yuav pib nrhiav ib tug tiag tiag fleet. Ib qhov project twb tau tsim, uas tau txais lub npe ua haujlwm "1160". Lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov project no yog tsim los ntawm 1986 ntau li pebTag nrho-fledged nuclear aircraft carriers uas yuav catapult ib tug zoo tshaj plaws Soviet aircraft Su-27K. Txawm li cas los xij, hmoov tsis, txoj kev npaj yuav tsis destined yuav tsum tau, txij li thaum lub sij hawm lub USSR tau tsom mus rau tsim hnyav aircraft nqa cruisers. tsis raug hu ua full-fledged nuclear aircraft carriers rau ntau yam laj thawj. Thiab nws yog tom qab ntawd qhov kev pom zoo tau tsim los tsim qhov tshiab tshaj plaws hnyav dav hlau nqa cruiser nrog ntsug nqa tawm. Nws yog thaum ntawd qhov project "1160" tau txiav txim siab, thiab thawj lub dav hlau nuclear thauj khoom ntawm lub tebchaws hauv tebchaws tsis tau yug los.

Los ntawm txoj kev, lub dav hlau nqa lub nkoj nkoj, uas hloov qhov project "1160", raug kev puas tsuaj tag. Nyob rau hauv 1991, nws tau ua tiav, kev sim khiav pib, uas thaum kawg ua rau lub fact tias ib tug ntawm cov aircraft poob ncaj qha mus rau lub lawj ntawm lub cruiser thiab hlawv nyob rau ntawd. Los ntawm xyoo 1992, txoj haujlwm tau txiav txim siab, thiab Soviet Union raug tso tseg yam tsis muaj ob lub nkoj thauj khoom nuclear thiab tsis muaj lub nkoj nrog lub tshuab xa tawm ntsug, thiab Lavxias Federation, uas tau tshwm sim ib xyoos tom qab, tsis muaj lub hnab ntim khoom hauv kev txhim kho ntawm lub dav hlau nuclear. cov cab kuj.

Tab sis dab tsi tshwm sim tom ntej? Puas muaj Lavxias teb sab nuclear aircraft carriers tshwm sim? Keeb kwm qhia tau hais tias lawv tau tshwm sim tiag tiag, tab sis lawv kuj yog cov dav hlau nqa nkoj, thiab lawv tau tsim tshwj xeeb tsis yog rau Lavxias Navy.

Yuav noj dab tsi tam sim no?

Thaum nws los txog rau Lavxias teb sab nuclear aircraft nqa, kev faib tawm ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb heev. Qhov tseeb yog tias, xws li, atomictsis muaj aircraft carriers nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws txhua. Thiab lawv yeej tsis tau tsim nyob rau hauv Russia, los yog ua ntej ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union. Tab sis yog tias peb muab pov tseg kom zoo, ces cov dav hlau nqa hnyav, uas twb tau sau txog ua ntej, tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau cov neeg nqa dav hlau. Thiab tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem taug qab keeb kwm ntawm yuav ua li cas cov neeg tsav nkoj tau tshwm sim uas twb ua haujlwm hauv tebchaws Russia.

thawj yog cov nkoj nkoj "Kyiv", "Minsk" thiab "Novorossiysk". Lawv tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1970s thiab tau tso tseg ua ke hauv xyoo 1993. Thawj tus sawv ntsug rau kaum xyoo kom txog rau thaum nws raug xa mus rau Tuam Tshoj, qhov chaw nws tau los ua ib qho khoom pov thawj ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej thematic. Qhov thib ob, ob xyoos tom qab decommissioning, tau muag rau Kaus Lim Qab Teb, qhov chaw lawv xav rhuav tshem nws kom tau txais hlau, tab sis tom qab ntawd nws tau muag rau Tuam Tshoj, qhov twg, zoo li yav dhau los, nws tau mus rau hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej thematic. Qhov thib peb yog qhov muaj hmoo tshaj plaws - nws tau muag rau Kaus Lim Kauslim rau kev tshem tawm, tab sis tsis muaj leej twg yuav nws, yog li lub nkoj thauj khoom tau muab tshem tawm rau qhov chaw.

Raws li cov qauv niaj hnub no, ntawm no nws tsim nyog them nqi rau Varyag dav hlau nqa nkoj, uas tau tsim tawm xyoo 1988. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm Soviet Union, nws tau mus rau Ukraine, uas muag rau Tuam Tshoj, qhov chaw uas nws tau txhim kho, ua tiav thiab npaj siv. Yog li ntawd, nws ua haujlwm rau hnub no raws li lub npe "Liaoning". Lwm lub nkoj uas tseem tab tom ua haujlwm yog Admiral Gorshkov, uas tau ua haujlwm txog xyoo 2004, tom qab ntawd nws tau muag rau Is Nrias teb, qhov chaw nws tau rov tsim kho dua, hloov mus rau hauv lub dav hlau dav hlau qub thiab tseem ua haujlwm nrog Indian Navy. Muaj lwm lub dav hlau nqa cruiserhu ua Ulyanovsk, uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv Lavxias Federation - nws tau tso tseg tsis ntev los no, xyoo 1998, thiab nws tau npaj tias nws yuav ua tiav xyoo 1995. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tseem tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ruaj ntseg hauv Lavxias Navy, tab sis qhov project tau txiav txim siab ua ntej nws ua tiav, thiab qhov uas twb tau sib sau ua ke tau raug rhuav tshem rov qab rau hauv cov hlau. Qhov ntawd yog yuav ua li cas thawj cov dav hlau nuclear ntawm Russia tsis tau txais kev pabcuam nrog Navy.

Admiral Kuznetsov

Tab sis cov no puas yog tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab nuclear aircraft nqa? Kev tshuaj xyuas tsis xaus rau qhov ntawd, vim nws tseem yuav tsum tau saib ntawm ib daim ntawv, uas yog tib qho uas tseem nyob hauv av thiab yog ib feem ntawm Navy. Lub nkoj no yog dab tsi? Qhov no yog Lavxias teb sab nuclear aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov, tsuas yog lub nkoj nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Navy uas muaj peev xwm muab cais raws li ib tug aircraft carrier. Txawm li cas los xij, tib lub sijhawm, nws tsuas yog hu ua lub nkoj thauj khoom nuclear xwb, txij li, zoo li cov qauv dhau los, nws yog TAVKR, uas yog, lub dav hlau nqa hnyav. Zoo li tag nrho lwm cov dav hlau thauj khoom, nws tau tsim nyob rau ntawm lub chaw nres nkoj Soviet Chernihiv. Lub nkoj no tau muab tso rau hauv 1985, thiab nyob rau hauv 1988 nws twb launched - txij thaum ntawd los nws tau ua hauj lwm thiab tswj los pab ob lub Soviet Union thiab Lavxias teb sab Federation. Nws tau txais nws lub npe tsuas yog tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm USSR, ua ntej nws muaj ntau lub npe sib txawv. Thaum xub thawj, nws tau muab lub npe "Riga", ces nws tau hloov lub npe "Leonid Brezhnev", tom qab ntawd nws tau los ua "Tbilisi", thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd los ntawm Lavxias teb sab nuclear aircraft carrier "Admiral Kuznetsov" yug. Qhov no yog dab tsiib lub nkoj uas tam sim no tsuas yog ib qho ntawm tag nrho Lavxias Navy?

Nkoj Specifications

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, Lavxias Navy tsis muaj ntau lub dav hlau nuclear hauv tebchaws Russia. Txawm li cas los xij, cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib lub dav hlau nqa hnyav hnyav tuaj yeem yog qhov txaus siab. Yog li, qhov no yog lub nkoj uas muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo heev - ntau tshaj rau caum txhiab tons. Nws ntev yog 306 meters, dav - xya caum meters, thiab qhov siab ntawm nws loj tshaj plaws taw tes - 65 meters. Lub nkoj lub nkoj tuaj yeem yog los ntawm yim mus rau kaum metres, nrog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev xaav mus txog 10.4 meters. Cov armor ntawm lub nkoj no yog ua los ntawm dov steel, lub hull yog redundant nrog ntxiv compartments. Lub nkoj muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab torpedoes los ntawm 4.5-meter peb-txheej tiv thaiv - lub armor txheej muaj peev xwm tiv taus kev ntaus nrog tus nqi ntawm 400 kg ntawm TNT. Raws li rau lub cav, nws tsim nyog yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau ntawm no uas siv plaub-ncej boiler-turbine technology, uas tsis yog siv rau tag nrho-fledged nuclear aircraft carriers. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias peb tham txog cov yam ntxwv qhuav, ces plaub lub tshuab hluav taws xob muab tag nrho ntawm 200 txhiab horsepower, turbo generators tsim 13 thiab ib nrab txhiab kilowatts, thiab diesel generators - lwm cuaj txhiab kilowatts. Nws tseem tsim nyog sau cia lub mover, uas muaj plaub tsib-bladeed propellers. Txhua yam no ntxiv rau dab tsi? Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, qhov siab tshaj plaws ceev yog 29 knots, uas yog, 54 kilometers ib teev. Kuj muaj nqisnco ntsoov kev sib ntaus sib tua kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam nrawm - thawj yog 18 pob, thiab qhov thib ob yog 14.

Lub nkoj no tuaj yeem caij nkoj mus ntev npaum li cas yam tsis muaj roj? Qhov ntau, ntawm chav kawm, nyob ntawm qhov ceev: ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws, qhov ntau yog 3850 nautical mais, ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua kev lag luam ceev - me ntsis ntau tshaj xya thiab ib nrab txhiab nautical mais, thiab ntawm kev lag luam ceev - yuav luag yim thiab ib nrab txhiab nautical. mais. Txawm hais tias qhov kev mus los ntawm qhov deb, qhov kev ywj pheej ntawm kev taug kev kuj tseem suav nrog, uas nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm lub nkoj no yog plaub caug tsib hnub. Cov neeg coob ntawm lub nkoj zoo li no muaj tsawg dua ob txhiab tus neeg. Qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim uas Russia lub niaj hnub nuclear aircraft nqa tau yooj yim tshaj. Tom qab tag nrho, cov yam ntxwv tau muab tso rau hauv peb caug xyoo dhau los, yog li tsis muaj dab tsi yuav xav tsis thoob. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov ntawd tsis yog txhua yam koj tuaj yeem paub txog tib lub dav hlau siv hluav taws xob nuclear tam sim no hauv Lavxias Navy.

Armaments

Rau qhov tseeb tias lub nkoj no yog lub nkoj sib ntaus sib tua, nws muaj ntau yam riam phom loj nyob hauv nkoj, nws yog hais txog nws tam sim no peb yuav tham txog. "Admiral Kuznetsov" boasts ib tug navigation system "Beysur", uas tso cai rau koj mus ua lub feem ntau aimed hluav taws. Ua ntej saib cov phom ncaj nraim, koj yuav tsum saib cov khoom siv radar - muaj txaus ntawm lawv ntawm lub nkoj. Muaj xya qhov sib txawv nrhiav pom radars ntawm lub nkoj, nrog rau ob lub chaw tswj kev dav hlau. Kuj tsim nyog them nqinyob rau hauv xov tooj cua electronics - nyob rau hauv lub nkoj muaj ib tug sib ntaus sib tua cov ntaub ntawv thiab tswj system "Lesorub", kev sib txuas lus complex "Buran-2" thiab ntau ntxiv.

Zoo, tam sim no koj tuaj yeem xyuam xim rau riam phom - ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws tsim nyog sau cia rau 6 lub dav hlau tiv thaiv phom loj, tsim rau 48 txhiab lub plhaub. Ntawm cov foob pob hluav taws nyob rau hauv lub nkoj, muaj 12 Granit launchers, 4 Kortik anti-aircraft missile systems thiab plaub Dagger launchers. Lub nkoj kuj tseem muaj txoj hauv kev los tawm tsam lossis tiv thaiv cov submarines - cov no yog ob lub foob pob hluav taws tsim los rau caum lub foob pob.

Avia Group

Nws tsim nyog ua tib zoo saib ntawm lub dav hlau thauj khoom ntawm cov yam ntxwv. "Admiral Kuznetsov" yog tsim los rau tsib caug lub dav hlau uas tuaj yeem thauj mus los. Ntxiv mus, nws tau xav tias helicopters tseem yuav nyob ntawd. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseeb, txhua yam tau hloov pauv me ntsis, thiab niaj hnub no lub nkoj no ua lub hauv paus rau tsuas yog peb caug lub dav hlau, feem ntau yog Su-33 thiab MiG-29K.

Npaj rau yav tom ntej

Tab sis dab tsi ntxiv? Puas yuav muaj lub dav hlau dav hlau tshiab hauv tebchaws Russia tshwm sim? Los yog Admiral Kuznetsov yuav nyob twj ywm tus neeg sawv cev rau lub sijhawm ntev? Ib xyoo caum dhau los, Russians tau pinned lawv txoj kev cia siab ntawm kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm tsab cai lij choj uas tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo 2009. Raws li nrog lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Soviet Union thiab tsim ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation, kaum xyoo dhau los tsoom fwv tsis muaj kev npaj rau tag nrho cov segment ntawm cov tub rog ua lag luam. Thaum ntawdNyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus neeg sib tw tseem ceeb, Tebchaws Meskas, twb tau pib lub thib kaum puv-fledged nuclear aircraft carrier. Tab sis dab tsi tshwm sim hauv 2009? Cov phiaj xwm twb tau teeb tsa mus txog rau xyoo 2020, thiab cov neeg nqa dav hlau nuclear tseem tsis tau teev nyob rau ntawd. Yog li lub dav hlau nuclear tshiab ntawm Russia tseem tsis tau tshwm sim txawm tias nyob rau hauv daim ntawv - nws tsuas muaj nyob rau hauv cov lus, thiab txawm tias tom qab ntawd hauv xovxwm, thiab tsis nyob rau hauv nqe lus ntawm cov neeg muaj cai tso cai.

prototypes

Qhov tseeb, kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim cov dav hlau thauj khoom twb tau ua lawm, tab sis Lavxias Navy yuav tau txais lub cim tshiab ntawm lub nkoj nkoj nuclear rau lub sijhawm ntev heev. Yeej tsis yog xyoo 2020. Qee qhov xwm txheej, cov peev txheej tau tshaj tawm tias lwm lub tebchaws tab tom ua haujlwm rau lub dav hlau thauj khoom rau Russia, tab sis ntau zaus tshaj tsis, cov lus flickers nrog ib daim duab ntawm ib qhov project ntawm Russia lub nuclear aircraft carriers yuav zoo li cas. Daim duab qhia txog kev teeb tsa ntawm lub nkoj uas tuaj yeem nqa tau ntau lub dav hlau los ntawm kev tso cov qauv loj loj thiab hloov nws nrog cov tswj me me.

Medvedev cov lus qhia

Txawm li cas los xij, tib neeg txoj kev cia siab tau rov qab los rau xyoo 2015, thaum Dmitry Medvedev tau qhia rau Ministry of Defense los tsim ib txoj kev npaj rau kev qhia txog cov dav hlau nuclear. Qhov no yuav tsis yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm rau vim li cas koj twb paub - tag nrho-fledged ships ntawm hom no yeej tsis tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Federation thiab txawm lub qub Soviet Union. Lub nkoj thauj khoom siv hluav taws xob nuclear tsis yog tib yam li lub dav hlau nqa hnyav, yog li kev siv thev naus laus zis sib txawv yuav tsum tau siv. Txawm li cas los xij, ib txoj hauv kev los yog lwm qhov, qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev kwv yeestshaj tawm tias los ntawm 2020 ib txoj kev npaj los tsim thawj lub dav hlau nuclear uas npaj rau Lavxias Navy tej zaum yuav raug npaj.