Kev lag luam mining ntawm Russia: cov npe thiab cov lus qhia kev lag luam

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Txaus siab muab cov lag luam ntawm Russia tsim kev lag luam yooj yim ntawm tag nrho kev lag luam. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam coj lub teb chaws txoj haujlwm ruaj khov thiab kev ywj pheej los ntawm kev lag luam txawv teb chaws.

Ntiaj teb qeb duas

Keeb kwm, Russia tau nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov ntxhia. Ua tsaug rau kev txhim kho cov peev txheej ntxhia, lub teb chaws tuav txoj haujlwm ua lag luam hauv ntiaj teb. Cov peev nyiaj loj tsis yog ib txwm txhais tau hais tias kev coj noj coj ua tsis sib xws, piv txwv li, Lavxias Federation muaj kev coj noj coj ua loj hauv ntiaj teb qeb duas ntawm cov hlau ore reserves, tab sis lawv cov ntsiab lus hlau tsawg. Tib qhov xwm txheej nrog titanium, tin, tungsten thiab ntau lwm yam khoom siv hlau.

Cov teb Norilsk txawv ntawm qhov xwm txheej dav dav, qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv raw khoom yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm tus nqi siab. Niaj hnub no, kev lag luam mining loj ntawm Russia ua haujlwm nyob rau ntawd, qhov chaw lawv tsim cov khoom siv raw rau kev tsim cov npib tsib xee (20% ntawm lub ntiaj teb ua lag luam), cob alt (10%), tooj liab (3%). Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm platinum, tellurium, thiab palladium tau muab rau lub ntiaj teb ua lag luam los ntawm Norilsk mines. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, Norilsk reserves yuav kav ntev txog 30 xyoo.

Russia tsim tawm 48 hom cov khoom siv ntxhia, uas ua rau nws ua tus thawj coj ntawm 166 lub tebchaws mining. Feem ntau ntawm cov teb chaws koom nrog kev ua lag luam ua haujlwm nrog cov npe qis dua - txog li 10 hom minerals. Qhov feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab mining kev lag luam nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntau lawm yog hais txog 10%, uas tso cai rau nws mus tuav lub thib peb txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv qeb.

Cov teeb meem kev lag luam

Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm kev khawb av hauv tebchaws Russia yog qhov tsis muaj kev tshawb nrhiav. Txhua lub xeev cov haujlwm hauv cov lus qhia no tau raug txiav tawm txij li xyoo 1966. Cov txheej txheem tam sim no ntawm subsoil siv los ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom ntiag tug tsis txhawb kev tshawb fawb. Yog li ntawd, kev hem thawj rau tag nrho cov kev lag luam loj hlob tuaj. Feem ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj twb tau nyob rau hauv lub verge ntawm depletion ntawm reserves, thiab cov tshiab tsis tau pom thiab tsis tau npaj scientific kev tshawb fawb ntawm subsoil.

qhov xwm txheej no ua rau muaj kev vam khom ntawm cov nroj tsuag metallurgical ntawm cov khoom siv sab nraud. Aluminium ntau lawm ntawm cov lag luam hauv tsev yog ncaj qha nyob ntawm cov khoom. Bauxite thiab alumina yog xav tau rau cov hlau ntau lawm, thiab lawv cov khoom tau maj mam poob. Kev faib tawm ntawm tus kheej bauxite yog 5-6 lab tons hauv ib xyoos, alumina - txog 2.9 tons hauv ib xyoos, uas tsis txaus rau kev tsim khoom. Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv raw khoom mus txog 5.3 lab tons.

Ntxiv rau qhov kev tshawb nrhiav tsis txaus ntawm subsoil, muaj teeb meem ntawm kev tso nyiaj tso tseg, hauv kev txhim kho uas tsis muaj peev txheej tau ua. Tag nrho cov tooj liab reserves nyob rau hauv Russia yog kwv yees li ntawm 100 labtons. Qhov loj tshaj deposit ntawm no hlau yog nyob rau hauv Eastern Siberia. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv, Udokan deposit muaj txog 200 tons ntawm raw khoom, tab sis tsis muaj leej twg ua hauj lwm rau nws. Lwm qhov chaw loj yog nyob rau hauv kev txhim kho (Oktyabrskoye, Gayskoye, Talnakhskoye), qhov twg reserves yuav los txog rau qhov kawg.

Nyob rau hauv lub plab ntawm Russia yog mus txog 10 txhiab tons ntawm kub, tab sis qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub kub mining kev lag luam ua raws li cov qauv. Kev tsim kho kev lag luam yog nqa tawm ntawm Natalka tso nyiaj thiab hauv Sukhoi Log (1,500 tons ntawm hlau ib xyoos). Lub Nroog Far Eastern suav rau feem ntau ntawm kev khawb kub (txog 58%). Tsis muaj kev txhim kho thiab tshawb nrhiav qhov tso nyiaj tshiab.

pob txha ntawm lub teb chaws kev lag luam

Kev lag luam mining hauv Russia yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb uas tsim lub teb chaws cov peev nyiaj. Qhov kev pab cuam rau GDP yog 60-70%, qhov nce hauv kev xa tawm ntawm cov khoom siv raw thiab cov khoom tiav ua kom tiav cov nyiaj ruaj khov ntawm kev lag luam thiab lub xeev reserves. Kev lag luam mining yog ib txoj kev lag luam uas suav nrog:

• Kev rho tawm cov ntxhia thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob (roj, roj, peat, uranium, thee, thiab lwm yam).
• Kev rho tawm cov ore ntawm ferrous thiab lwm yam hlau (hlau ore, chromite, vanadium, molybdenum, thiab lwm yam).
• Non-ferrous hlau ore mining (tooj liab, tin, lead, zinc, nickel, thiab lwm yam).
• Kev rho tawm ntawm cov mining thiab tshuaj raw khoom (apatite, potash ntsev, pyrites, phosphates, thiab lwm yam).
• Kev rho tawm cov khoom siv raw rau kev xav tau ntawm ntau yam kev lag luam (graphite, asbestos, chalk, limestone, av nplaum, granite, thiab lwm yam).
• Kev rho tawm cov khoom muaj nqis, ib nrab muaj nuj nqis, cov pob zeb zoo nkauj (pob zeb diamond, gems, thiab lwm yam).
• Hydromineral direction (dej hauv av).

Mining lag luam nyob rau hauv Russia yog tsim nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm minerals. Rau kev ua haujlwm puv ntoob thiab txo qis ntawm tus nqi, ib qho kev sib koom ua lag luam feem ntau yog tsim. Hlau ore deposits yog nrog los ntawm kev ua cov nroj tsuag, metallurgical nroj tsuag thiab ib tug complex ntawm infrastructure chaw, nrog rau cov neeg ua haujlwm camps, txoj kev junctions, lub zog complexes los xyuas kom meej lub lag luam ntawm industrial enterprises.

cov lag luam loj

Hnub no, muaj 24 lub tuam txhab mining loj. Geography npog tag nrho lub tebchaws. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam yog ua si los ntawm Siberia thiab Far East.

Dab tsi yog cov tuam txhab mining hauv Russia? Cov npe hauv qab no:

• AK Alrosa (PJSC) - nyob rau hauv lub koom pheej ntawm Sakha, cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev ua si yog pob zeb diamond mining, qhov sib koom nyob rau hauv lub domestic lag luam yog 95% ntawm tag nrho cov ntim ntawm mined precious pob zeb.
• Artel ntawm Prospectors "Amur". Lub tuam txhab tshwj xeeb hauv kev mining ntawm platinum, palladium.
• JSC Atomredmetzoloto. Lub tuam txhab tshwj xeeb hauv kev rho tawm cov uranium ore.
• Goroblagodatskoye Mining Administration. Lub tuam txhab tau koom nrog kev tsim kho ntawm cov hlau ore deposits.
• JSC Evrazruda, thaj chaw ntawm kev ua si yog kev txhim kho tsib hlau ore deposits.
• Kovdorslyuda LLC. Tam sim no nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheembankruptcy.
• Kola Metallurgical tuam txhab JSC. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm thaj chaw - mining ntawm non-ferrous hlau ores, metallurgy.
• Metalloinvest, lub hauv paus ntawm kev lag luam yog kev rho tawm ntawm cov hlau ore, ferrous metallurgy.
• Mechel PJSC (thee mining, tsim cov hlau tsis-ferrous thiab ferrous hlau, coking thee, thermal thee).
• Priargunskoye PCU. Tshwj xeeb yog kev txhim kho ntawm uranium thiab molybdenum-uranium deposits nyob rau hauv Trans-Baikal Territory.
• OK RUSAL (alumina thiab bauxite mining, aluminium ntau lawm).
• Russian Platinum. Cov lus qhia ntawm kev ua - mining ntawm platinum, palladium, eolota.
• MMC Norilsk Nickel (tsuas ntawm nickel, tooj liab, palladium thiab lwm yam hlau, tsis yog hlau metallurgy).
• PJSC "Severstal", yog ib lub tuam txhab loj tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia, kev ua haujlwm yog kev rho tawm ntawm cov thee, coking thee, extraction thiab enrichment ntawm hlau ore, complex ntawm metallurgical thiab mining thiab ua cov nroj tsuag.
• JSC SUAL (alumina, thawj aluminium, aluminium-raws li alloys, thiab lwm yam).
• ZAO Holding Sibplaz. Cov kev txaus siab ntawm lub tuam txhab dag nyob rau hauv lub mining, tshuaj, metallurgy, kev lag luam. Kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tshawb fawb tseem tab tom ua.
• JSC Silvinit (potassium mining, zus tau tej cov potash chiv, zaub mov thiab muaj ntsev, thiab lwm yam).
• Kev sib koom ua lag luam "Mongolrostsvetmet". Tshwj xeeb - mining kub, fluorite ore, hlau ore, geological tshawb nrhiav.
• Erdenet GOK (kev txhim kho ntawm molybdenum thiab tooj liab ore deposits, kev cog qoob loo,smelter).
• CHEK-SU (kev mining ntawm manganese ores ntawm Usinsk tso nyiaj, kev tsim kho ntawm cov mining thiab kev cog qoob loo).
• JSC "YATEK", thaj chaw ntawm kev ua haujlwm - tsim cov hydrocarbons, roj, tshawb nrhiav geological.
• JSC "Kaliningrad Amber Combine" (kev lag luam extraction ntawm amber, hniav nyiaj hniav kub).

Lavxias teb sab mining tuam txhab ua haujlwm ua ke nrog kev ua thiab kev tsim khoom lag luam.

Vacancies

Muaj ib txwm ua haujlwm hauv cov haujlwm loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub tebchaws kev lag luam. Muaj coob tus nrhiav kom tau mus rau hauv lub mining lag luam ntawm Russia. Cov neeg ua hauj lwm yuav luag tas li qhib rau cov neeg tsav tsheb ntawm cov tsheb thauj khoom thiab cov tsheb tshwj xeeb, cov neeg ua haujlwm dav dav, muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov kws tsim khoom tsim nyog. Cov npe ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tau hloov kho tas li, uas muab sijhawm rau txhua tus neeg sib tw kom tau txais txoj haujlwm xav tau.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov lag luam yog tsom mus rau sab qaum teb ntawm Russia, qhov chaw ua haujlwm nyuaj heev. Cov tswv lag luam, ntxiv rau cov nyiaj ua haujlwm siab, muaj lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb - txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm hloov pauv. Kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem ncav cuag 15 hnub mus rau rau lub hlis, tom qab ntawd tus neeg ua haujlwm tau txais nyiaj them tag nrho rau tag nrho lub sijhawm. Cov uas twb tau ua haujlwm hauv hom no hais tau zoo ntawm ob qho kev paub tau txais thiab cov nyiaj hli.