Ua haujlwm thaj chaw ntawm kev xa khoom. Lub tuam tsev logistics ua dab tsi?

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Logistics yog qhov theoretical, tswv yim ntawm kev txav mus los, kev thauj mus los, kev faib cov peev txheej. Lub sij hawm yog siv nyob rau hauv lub lag luam ntiaj teb no, muaj feem xyuam rau ib tug niaj hnub enterprise. Muaj kev thauj mus los ntawm cov khoom siv raw, kev ua haujlwm, nyiaj txiag, lwm yam kev tsim khoom, tangible, intangible. Nws yuav tsum tau hloov cov khoom ntawm tus muag khoom mus rau tus neeg yuav khoom, los ntawm tus neeg siv khoom mus rau tus neeg siv khoom, los ntawm qhov chaw mus rau tus neeg siv khoom. Tus neeg uas txhim kho txoj haujlwm no yog hu ua tus kws tshaj lij logistics.

nag hmo, hnub no, tag kis

Logistics ntawm kev tsim khoom lag luam tau muaj txij li lub sijhawm thaum muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev muab kev pabcuam, muag khoom tshwm sim ntawm tib neeg. Nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm, nws yog kev cai rau perceive logistics raws li ib tug ywj siab cheeb tsam, txawm hais tias ob peb lub xyoo dhau los nws tau raug suav hais tias yog ob peb yam tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam. Niaj hnub no, logistics nyob rau hauv ib lub lag luam ua ke nrog cov chaw muab khoom, warehouse thiab cov neeg ua hauj lwm lub luag hauj lwm rau thauj cov khoom. Yav dhau los, tag nrho cov no tau muab faib ua peb pawg faib rau hauv cov qauv ntawm lub tuam txhab.

Lub tuam tsev logistics ua dab tsi? Nws cheeb tsam ntawm lub luag hauj lwm yog tangible, intangibleflows sawv cev ntawm lub lag luam los ntawm ib qho kev sib tshuam ua ke. Cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm hauv logistics yog siv los tswj cov dej ntws kom raug thiab tshem tawm cov kab thiab ncua sij hawm. Qhov no yuav pab txhim kho koj txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm thiab txo qis kev poob haujlwm.

Txhua lub luag haujlwm yog nyob ntawm tus neeg ua haujlwm

Txoj haujlwm ntawm tus thawj coj logistics yog npaj thiab tswj txhua theem ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab kev lag luam ntawm cov khoom. Nws koom nrog cov khoom siv raw, tshuaj xyuas qhov zoo, sib piv cov npe, saib xyuas lub sijhawm, ntim khoom thiab tsim nyog, khaws cov nqi tswj thiab sib tham nrog cov neeg muag khoom yog tias muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb.

Kev ncaj ncees txhais tau tias kev xa khoom hauv kev lag luam tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv uas muab rau lub tuam txhab txhua yam tsim nyog rau kev tsim khoom, kev pabcuam rau cov neeg siv khoom kawg. Qhov ntawd yog, qhov tseeb, logistics yog ib txoj hauv kev los xyuas kom meej tias lub tuam txhab ua tiav nws cov luag num rau cov neeg siv khoom nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm teem.

Logistics: yam khoom, khoom

Cov khoom ntws yog ib yam khoom uas tsom ntsoov rau tus neeg saib xyuas kev thauj mus los. Qhov tseeb, qhov ntws yog qhov kawg-rau-kawg, tab sis txhua qhov thaiv muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb, tshwj xeeb tsis zoo uas koj yuav tsum paub txhawm rau txo cov nqi. Tsom ntsoov rau qhov kev lees paub feem ntau ntawm kev ua haujlwm logistics, thaj chaw muaj qhov txawv:

• Kev yuav khoom.
• Production.
• Kev faib tawm.
• Kev thauj mus los.
• Information.

Lub tuam tsev ua dab tsilogistics? Txhua yam teeb meem feem ntau, tab sis nws zoo li tsim nyog los faib cov haujlwm ntawm cov kws tshaj lij hauv kev suav ntawm ib tus neeg lossis ib pab pawg neeg ua haujlwm rau txhua yam.

Logistics: peb yuav

Cov kws tshaj lij lub luag haujlwm los muab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom nrog cov khoom siv raw yog koom nrog kev yuav khoom logistics. Qhov no suav nrog kev tswj hwm tag nrho cov khoom ntws tam sim no hauv qhov system. Lub koom haum ntse, streamlined kom ntseeg tau tias cov nroj tsuag muaj cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog los ua kom cov khoom lag luam tsis muaj sijhawm poob lossis pov tseg.

Rau kev yuav khoom, los ntawm qhov pom ntawm kev xa khoom, kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm, uas yog, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm txhua yam khoom ntws mus rau hauv ib qho kev sib koom ua ke, kev sib txuas lus, los ua ntej. Hauv chav haujlwm logistics, kev faib khoom mus rau thaj chaw ywj pheej ua rau nws tus kheej hauv kev tsim khoom thiab kev lag luam, txij li txhua qhov chaw muaj kev xav tau rau cov neeg ua haujlwm lub luag haujlwm rau kev yuav khoom, xa khoom. Nyob rau hauv lawv cheeb tsam ntawm lub luag hauj lwm tsis yog tsuas yog raw cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis kuj cov neeg siv khoom, semi-tiav lawm khoom.

Kev faib ua theem

Nws yog ib txwm ua kom paub qhov txawv ntawm peb qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev yuav khoom:

• kev sib txuas nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev lag luam, kev hloov kho ntawm kev ua haujlwm suav nrog kev txaus siab macro;
• kev sib txuas lus ntawm lub tuam tsev logistics nrog ib chav tsev tshwj xeeb, uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov kev tsim qauv no;
• tag nrho cov txheej txheem ywj pheej nrog cov ntsiab lus thiab cov hom phiaj.

Cov neeg yuav khoom: Lub Hom Phiaj

Qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm kev xa khoom muaj lub luag haujlwm rau kev muab khoom, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, daim ntawv txuas nrogcov neeg muab khoom. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lawv tab tom ua haujlwm rau cov teeb meem ntawm txoj cai tswjfwm kev lag luam, txheej txheem, kev txhawb nqa thiab thev naus laus zis. Cov kws tshaj lij uas tau tso siab rau kev tswj xyuas cov khoom thauj khoom ua haujlwm nrog cov neeg xa khoom, chaw muag khoom, thiab cov neeg cog lus muab kev pabcuam thauj khoom. Qhov tseeb, nws yog qhov tseeb vim qhov kev yuav khoom uas lub tuam tsev logistics tau nruj ua ke rau hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev lag luam.

Lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab ke no yog los xyuas kom cov txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev faib khoom tsim nyog thiab kev lav phib xaub, khoom muag thiab sijhawm. Qhov no txhais tau tias txhua tus kws tshaj lij hauv chav haujlwm yuav tsum paub tias lawv lub hom phiaj tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb nkaus xwb. Txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum paub tias cov haujlwm ntawm lub tuam txhab yog qhov tseem ceeb, thiab tsuas yog rau lub hom phiaj ntawm lawv qhov kev ua tiav tau teeb tsa thiab ua tiav cov hom phiaj ntawm lub tuam txhab logistics. Cov neeg ua haujlwm muag khoom ua haujlwm rau lub tuam txhab hauv txoj hauv kev uas txhim kho cov khoom tsim tau ntawm lub lag luam tag nrho. Qhov no kuj ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv qhov kev coj rov qab: yog tias txoj haujlwm ntawm lub tuam txhab ua haujlwm ruaj khov, muaj zog dua, qhov no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub tuam txhab logistics, ntxiv dag zog rau nws txoj haujlwm (thiab tib lub sijhawm pab lwm lub tuam txhab ntawm lub tuam txhab txhim kho).

Kev sib raug zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm

Txoj haujlwm ntawm kev thauj mus los tsis tau piav qhia tsuas yog los ntawm cov hom phiaj ntawm kev lag luam. Lub tuam tsev yuav tsum muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog lwm cov qauv txhawm rau ua kom tiav saturation, volumetric cov ntaub ntawv ntws, cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom siv-tsim-kev ua haujlwm tiag tiag. Hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov saw hlau no, thaj chaw tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam yog los xyuas kom meej kev sib cuam tshuamCov khw muag khoom thiab cov chaw muag khoom.

Txoj hauv kev niaj hnub tshaj plaws rau kev ua tiav txoj haujlwm no suav nrog kev siv cov kev daws teeb meem niaj hnub tshaj plaws. Logisticians yog lub luag haujlwm rau qhov sib xws, muaj peev xwm kho tau sai sai, nrog rau cov khoom ntim coj los ntawm cov neeg muag khoom. Lawv yuav tsum taug qab cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag thiab kho cov ntim yuav los ntawm sab nraud thiab muag rau cov neeg siv khoom.

Txoj hauv kev niaj hnub

Kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev muab khoom, txheej txheem tsim khoom, kev muag khoom tiav yog raws li cov ntsiab lus kev lag luam tsim tawm tsis ntev los no. Nws yog assumed tias, ua ntej, cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev muag khoom ntawm cov khoom yog xav tawm, nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm uas ntau lawm volumes yog npaj, thiab los ntawm qhov no kev txiav txim siab yog ua nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm kev yuav khoom. Lub tuam tsev lag luam tsuas yog teeb tsa txoj haujlwm dav dav, tab sis lwm yam kev faib ua feem cuam tshuam nrog cov ntsiab lus. Yog li, ib yam dab tsi dhau los ua txoj haujlwm ntawm kev thauj mus los, khoom siv.

Kev lag luam yog kev tshawb fawb ntau dua li cov cuab yeej siv tau, yog li txoj haujlwm ntawm tus neeg lag luam yog los tswj cov txheej txheem, kev tsim khoom, lub hom phiaj, muaj cov txheej txheem, tsim cov dej num ntawm kev lag luam thiab muab lwm lub tuam tsev cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim rau kev ua haujlwm. Kev lag luam tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm, thiab ntau dua li tsis xav txog yuav ua li cas thiab qhov twg cov khoom muag txav mus rau hauv lub tuam txhab. Cov no yog cov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm logistics, indispensable rau txhua lub lag luam niaj hnub. Logistics tsim cov ntaub ntawvcov neeg lag luam ib lub tswv yim, siv cov tswv yim paub zoo, nthuav cov tswv yim thiab tig mus rau qhov tseeb.

Efficiency: result

Yog tias cov kev pabcuam muab kev pabcuam tau zoo, nws yuav ua haujlwm tau zoo, kev xa khoom ntawm lub tuam txhab yuav ua haujlwm zoo. Tib lub sijhawm, koj yuav tsum nkag siab tias kev xa khoom thauj khoom feem ntau yog kev cog lus nrog cov neeg muag khoom thiab ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom muag hauv kev lag luam.

Production logistics

Hais txog thaj chaw ua haujlwm ntawm kev xa khoom, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej txog kev tsim khoom, lub luag haujlwm tswj cov khoom ntws, uas yog, saib xyuas kev tsim kev nplua nuj, kev pabcuam.

Qhov chaw tsim khoom lag luam ua haujlwm yog lub luag haujlwm rau warehousing, structuring, tis, luj ntsuas, ntim, cia. Feem ntau cov chaw tswj los ntawm kev tsim khoom logistics yog thaj chaw compact. Cov kws tshaj lij hu lawv cov Islands tuaj. Cov neeg koom nrog hauv kev ua haujlwm tau txuas nrog kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev tsim khoom, uas categorically distinguishes ntau lawm logistics nyob rau theem ntawm cov qauv kev faib tawm los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm theem ntawm cov lag luam uas them ib leeg nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj thiab cov khoom.

Qib tom qab qib: tob dua thiab tob dua

Kev tsim khoom logistics txiav txim siab cov txheej txheem nyuaj, decomposed, yog tias tsim nyog, rau hauv qib yooj yim nrog thaj tsam me ntawm lub luag haujlwm. Intra-production logistics systems rauPiv txwv:

• cargo hubs;
• tuam txhab lag luam wholesale 'warehouses;
• tuam txhab lag luam;
• node ports.

Nws tsis yooj yim

Cov kab ke no tau kawm ntawm qib macro thiab micro. Macro xav tias qhov system logistics suav nrog cov khoom macro uas teeb tsa lub suab sib dhos rau qhov tau txais cov khoom muag. Logistics yuav tsum yoog raws li cov xwm txheej no. Qhov no yuav ua tau zoo npaum li cas yog nyob ntawm lub peev xwm los kho qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov zis tawm: ntim, zoo. Ntawd yog, qhov hloov tau yooj yim tshaj plaws - lub kaw lus uas cov neeg xa khoom tuaj yeem hloov pauv qhov ntau, ntau yam ntawm cov khoom tsim.

Lub microlevel xav tias cov tshuab logistics yog ib feem ntawm kev lag luam thiab sib cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg, tsim ib qho tag nrho. Feem ntau cov no yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev khaws cia, nrhiav, muag, khaws cia, thiab lawv cov tsheb thauj mus los. Tsis tas li ntawd, logistics yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev paub txog lub xeev cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov tuam txhab - nws xa cov ntaub ntawv mus rau lwm lub tuam tsev, thiab tseem qhia txog cov teeb meem thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, pib sib tham txog cov teeb meem uas tau tshwm sim. Kev tsim khoom logistics yog ze ze rau kev nrhiav tau cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev faib tawm ntawm lub tuam txhab cov khoom, tab sis tsom ntsoov rau kev muab txhua yam tsim nyog rau cov txheej txheem tsim khoom.

Logistics: faib

Kev xa khoom xa tawm yog xav tau los xa cov khoom lag luam zoo rau cov neeg siv khoom. Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm txoj cai logistics yog qhov txawv me ntsis,lub luag haujlwm rau kev faib khoom, hauv kev lag luam, kev tsim khoom lag luam thiab hauv cov tuam txhab nruab nrab. Kev faib tawm muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau kev lag luam ntawm kev lag luam, yog li thaj chaw no ntawm kev xa khoom tshwj xeeb yog nyiam cov tub ceev xwm hauv txhua lub tuam txhab, txawm tias nws yog ib lub koom haum me me lossis cov zej zog loj thoob ntiaj teb.

Yog tias qhov kev faib tawm tau teeb tsa tsis zoo, tsis zoo, nrog kev ua haujlwm qis, ces tsis yog lub tuam txhab nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj cov neeg siv khoom tuaj yeem raug kev txom nyem. Yog li, yog tias qee lub tuam txhab hauv cheeb tsam tsis muaj cov neeg sib tw muaj zog thiab tsim khoom, piv txwv li, khoom noj khoom haus, kev tsim khoom tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua rau tib neeg tsis muaj zaub mov.

Txhua yam yog tswj hwm

Qhov tseeb, cov khoom ntws yog nyob rau hauv kev tswj ntawm kev xa khoom xa tuaj koom nrog kev faib khoom, twb nyob rau theem ntawm kev dhau los ntawm lub khw muag khoom. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau xav txog ntau yam ua ntej: ntim cov khoom, tus nqi, batch ntim, muaj thiab hom ntim. Cov teeb meem no yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev xa khoom xa tawm.

Kev xa khoom xa tawm tsis yog muag, kev lag luam hauv kev xav ntawm cov lus no. Qhov sib txawv yog tias lub kaw lus yog nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog rau kev lag luam department thiab sib raug rau lub tswv yim tsim los ntawm nws, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws yog nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo mus rau lub logistics ntawm lub enterprise raws li ib tug tag nrho thiab muaj kev cob cog rua nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tau txais cov ntaub ntawv. thiab kev tsim khoom. Ntawd yog, kev tswj hwm ntawm tag nrho cov khoom ntws yog koom nrog hauv nruab nrab thiabkoom.