Acid kho qhov dej: thev naus laus zis thiab khoom siv

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Acid kho ntawm lub qhov dej yog ib qho ntawm cov thev naus laus zis siv hauv kev tsim cov qhov dej thiab lawv txoj haujlwm. Nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog los ntxuav lub qhov hauv qab los txhawb cov dej ntws ntawm cov dej hauv reservoir. Muaj ntau qhov kev hloov kho ntawm cov thev naus laus zis no, nyob ntawm hom kev txhawb nqa ntawm lub pas dej thiab geological tej yam kev mob.

Lub hom phiaj thiab lub hauv paus ntsiab lus

Kev kho kua qaub yog siv rau hauv qhov drilling, kev ua haujlwm thiab kev saib xyuas cov chaw tsim cov roj los daws cov teeb meem hauv qab no:

• kho ntawm thaj chaw hauv qab thaum lub sijhawm txhim kho lub qhov dej (rau cov dej ntws ntawm cov dej ntws tom qab kev tsim kho tiav);
• ntseeg (debit nce);
• ntxuav lub lim thiab hauv qab ntawm cov kab mob sib kis thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, tom qab kev txhaj tshuaj dej lossis kho qhov dej;
• tshem tawm cov nyiaj tso rau hauv cov hlua khi thiab lwm yam khoom siv hauv av.

Acids tau nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov dej uas muaj cov pob zeb uas muaj calcium (limestone, dolomite thiab lwm yam), nrog rau cov khoom ntawm cov cement uas nyob hauv qab qhov tom qab cementing lub annulus.

hom kev ua haujlwm

Hauv kev ua haujlwm thiab kev saib xyuas cov chaw tsim roj, cov kev kho mob hauv qab no yog qhov txawv:

• matrix (txhaj tshuaj reagent nyob rau hauv siab, tus nqi uas tsawg dua li hydraulic fracturing);
• hauv-situ acid da dej (kev kho yooj yim);
• nyob rau hauv siab siab (acid fracturing, thaum fracturing tshwm sim);
• kev sib kis;
• kev kho cua sov.

hom thev naus laus zis tom kawg yog siv nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas lub qhov dej ntawm lub qhov dej hauv qhov chaw hauv qab yog txhaws nrog paraffin deposits, tar thiab siab molecular hnyav hydrocarbons.

Acid da dej yog ua los ntawm cov hauv qab no:

• kev txhim kho thawj zaug (kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov dej);
• ntxuav qhib lim;
• ntxuav cov lim thaiv los ntawm cov kav dej los ntawm cov khoom siv acid-soluble.

Nyob ntawm reagents

Cov khoom siv yooj yim siv hauv kev kho cov kua qaub ntawm qhov dej yog hydrochloric HCl thiab hydrofluoric HF acids, nrog rau lawv cov sib tov (av nplaum acid). Tsawg siv lwm cov kua qaub:

• acetic;
• sulfamic;
• ant;
• sulfuric;
• kev sib xyaw ntawm cov organic acids.

Yog tias qhov kev tsim geological nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias, ces acetic los yog formic acid yog pumped rau hauv kev tsim. Kev siv sulfamic acid yog tsim nyog nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas cov reservoir muaj sulfate thiab hlau-cov kabmob carbonate pob zeb, txij li thaumLawv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog hydrochloric acid ua rau nag lossis daus ntawm gypsum lossis anhydrous calcium sulfate.

Cov tshuaj ua haujlwm ntawm cov reagent yog npaj rau hauv kev lag luam acid hauv paus thiab thauj mus rau hauv txoj kev lossis tsheb ciav hlau tankers, pleev xim rau hauv nrog cov enamel resistant, roj hmab lossis ebonite txheej.

Kev kho kua qaub yog ua tsis tau tsuas yog hauv cov qhov dej roj, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv cov dej txhaj tshuaj (kom tswj cov dej siab), nrog rau hauv cov qhov dej hauv artesian. Ua haujlwm hauv Abyssinian qhov dej, ntawm qhov tob tob, tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog tus kws tu lub qhov dej.

Main parameters

Cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no cuam tshuam rau kev xaiv ntawm cov tshuaj reagent:

• Txoj kev pob zeb. Nrog tus nqi siab ntawm qhov ntsuas no, nws raug nquahu kom siv cov kua qaub tuab thiab foams. Qhov no yuav pab kom cov kev pab cuam ntawm kev tsim. Txhawm rau kom cov kua qaub tuab, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) ntxiv.
• Kev kis kab mob hauv qab lub qhov nrog cov ntxhia tshem tawm thiab tsis muaj permeability ntawm cov dej ntxeem tau. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, txhawm rau txhim kho kev nkag mus ntawm cov reagent, carbonated acids yog qhov zoo dua, nyob rau hauv uas qhov nro ntawm tus ciam teb nrog cov pob zeb raug txo. Cua, nitrogen, carbon dioxide yog siv rau aerate kua.
• Mineral muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm pob zeb. Seams muaj cov xuab zeb, sandstones thiab siltstones yog kho nrog av nplaum acid.
• Qhov kub hauv qab. Yog li, kev siv sulfamic acid yog txwv los ntawm qhov tseeb tias thaum rhuab mus rau 80 ° C, nws decomposes nrog dej los ntawm 43%. Thaum kub siab tshaj 115 ° C, concentratedhydrochloric acid.

Qhov xav tau ntawm cov kua qaub yog xam los ntawm cov qauv thiab nyob ntawm cov hauv qab no:

• thickness ntawm acidized tsim ncua sij hawm;
• pob zeb porosity;
• kev tob;
• zoo radius.

Kev txhaj tshuaj siab tshaj plaws yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov hauv qab no:

• hom phiaj thiab txheej txheem txheej txheem;
• lub zog ntawm cov khoom tsim;
• thickness ntawm tus choj nruab nrab ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab qhov sib txuas ua ke.

Lub sijhawm ntawm cov kua qaub raug txiav txim siab pom - los ntawm kev ntsuas nws cov concentration hauv cov tshuaj hloov chaw ntawm lub taub dej los ntawm tubing. Tus nqi nruab nrab ntawm qhov ntsuas no yog nyob rau hauv 16-24 teev.

khoom noj khoom haus

Hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab, cov kua qaub tsis tshua siv. Cov tshuaj hauv qab no yog siv los ua cov khoom ntxiv rau lawv hauv kev lag luam roj:

• corrosion inhibitors - txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau casing, tubing thiab lwm yam khoom siv;
• cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke uas tiv thaiv kev tsim cov gel lossis hlau hydroxide uas txhaws qhov pores ntawm cov khoom sau;
• potassium nitrate rau kev kho mob ntawm anhydrites (sulfates);
• stabilizers kom cov khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv lub xeev yaj;
• citric lossis acetic acid rau kho cov pob zeb hlau-cov kabmob carbonate;
• surfactants, lossis intensifiers (OP-10, OP-7 thiab lwm yam) los txhim khopob zeb wettability thiab pab txhawb kev tshem tawm cov khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm qhov hauv qab.

YHydrochloric acid

Thaum acidizing qhov dej siv HCl, nws qhov kev pom zoo yog 10-16%. Cov kev daws teeb meem ntau dua tsis siv rau cov laj thawj hauv qab no:

• txo qis kev sib cais;
• nce hauv corrosivity;
• nce hauv emulsifying muaj peev xwm;
• nce ntsev los nag thaum sib xyaw nrog cov ntsev tsim dej.

Thaum ua cov pob zeb uas muaj sulfate, cov khoom ntxiv los ntawm cov lus ntsev, poov tshuaj lossis magnesium sulfates, thiab calcium chloride tau nkag rau hauv cov kua dej ua haujlwm. Cov tshuaj tom kawg kuj tseem ua rau cov kua qaub nruab nrab tsis zoo ntawm qhov siab hauv qab qhov kub.

Hydrofluoric acid

Fluoric acid yog lub zog muaj zog thiab siv los ua kom yaj cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no:

• silicate compounds nyob rau hauv terrigenous formations;
• av nplaum lossis cement slurry absorbed thaum drilling lossis ua haujlwm zoo;
• cement crust at bottomhole.

Ammonium fluoride-bifluoride kuj tseem siv los hloov cov reagent no, kev noj tsawg dua 1.5 npaug.

Kev kho mob yooj yim hydrochloric acid

Kev kho yooj yim yog ua tiav nrog ib lub twj tso kua mis. Ua ntej cov kua qaub raug txhaj, lub qhov dej yog yaug nrog dej kom tshem tawm cov sludge thiab lwm yam kab mob. Yog hais tias muaj cov deposits ntawm paraffin los yog resins nyob rau hauv lub bottomhole thiab nyob rau hauv tubing (tubing), ces nyob rau hauvRaws li cov kua dej yaug, cov kuab tshuaj organic yog siv - kerosene, liquefied propane-butane feem thiab lwm yam. Kev ua haujlwm hauv cov teb tsis txaus tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog lub tshuab ntxuav kom zoo.

Cov haujlwm ua ntej tseem suav nrog cov haujlwm hauv qab no:

• txhim kho chav kho av hauv av ntawm lub taub dej;
• tshem tawm cov khoom siv hauv qab (rau cov dej ua haujlwm);
• qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob rau qhov qis dua ntawm kev kho lub sijhawm:
• khoom siv lub taub hau nrog fittings rau piping thiab kos valve;
• piping ntawm lub twj tso kua mis nrog tubing, acid carrier, tank tsheb nrog cov kua hloov pauv;
• hydrotesing cov kav dej hauv qab lub siab 1.5 npaug siab dua qhov ua haujlwm.

Tom ntej no, cov kua qaub tau muab tso rau hauv qhov dej hauv qhov ntim sib npaug ntawm cov kab noj hniav, tom qab ntawd lub voj voog kaw. Tom qab ntawd cov seem ntawm cov reagent thiab cov kua hloov pauv yog txhaj. Crude degassed roj yog siv los ua cov tom kawg hauv cov qhov dej ntau lawm. Koj tuaj yeem pom cov txheej txheem kho cov kua qaub zoo li hauv daim duab hauv qab no.

Tom qab siv lub ntim tag nrho, kaw lub valve tsis txuas, txiav lub twj tso kua mis thiab lwm yam khoom siv. Cov kua qaub tseem nyob hauv lub qhov dej rau lub sijhawm xav tau rau kev sib cais, tom qab ntawd cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau zoo los ntawm lub twj tso kua mis los ntawm kev rov qab ntxuav.

Interval thev naus laus zis

Thaum qhib lub tank roj thiab roj nrog cov txheej txheem sib txawvpermeability, ib qho yooj yim acid kho ntawm qhov dej ua rau lub fact tias nws cuam tshuam tsuas yog feem ntau permeable txheej. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, nws raug nquahu kom siv lub sijhawm siv thev naus laus zis.

Txhawm rau cais txhua txheej, 2 packers raug ntsia rau hauv qhov dej. Txoj kev khiav ntawm cov kua qaub los ntawm lub annulus yog tiv thaiv los ntawm cementing nws. Tom qab ua cov ntu xaiv ntawm lub reservoir, lawv mus rau lwm qhov.

Acid fracturing thiab thermal acid kho

Kev kho cov kua qaub ntawm qhov dej hauv qhov siab yog ua tiav thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm thiab kev txhim kho ntawm cov dej ntws nrog heterogeneous permeability. Kev da dej ntawm cov kua qaub yooj yim tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov xwm txheej zoo li no, vim tias cov kua qaub "nplooj" hauv cov txheej txheem zoo permeable, thaum lwm qhov chaw tseem tsis tau npog.

Ua ntej txhaj tshuaj reagent, cov txheej txheej permeability siab raug cais siv cov khoom ntim khoom (zoo ib yam li cov cuab yeej siv yav dhau los). Kev npaj kev ntsuas yog ua raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kho cov kua qaub yooj yim ntawm qhov dej. Cov hlua casing yog tiv thaiv los ntawm kev txhim kho ib qho chaw ntim khoom ntawm lub raj.

Raws li kev ua haujlwm reagent, ib qho emulsion npaj los ntawm kev daws ntawm hydrochloric acid thiab roj yog siv. Yuav ua li cas lub layout ntawm lub Azinmash-30A chav tsev rau cov kua qaub txhaj rau hauv lub reservoir zoo li yog muaj nyob rau hauv daim duab hauv qab no.

Chav tsev no yog nruab nrog lub siab siab triple plunger kab rov tav twj. Qee lub sij hawm 2 qhov chaw nres tsheb yog siv rau kev ua haujlwmkev teeb tsa. Kev lag luam roj kuj tseem tsim tawm lwm chav - UNTs-125x35K, ANTs-32/50, SIN-32, tsim los ntawm KrAZ lossis URAL chassis. Ib qho kev teeb tsa ntawm cov chav nyob suav nrog lub log tsheb tawm ntawm txoj kev chassis, lub rooj sib dhos platform uas cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb tau teeb tsa, cov twj tso kua mis siab, lub tank rau thauj thiab muab cov khoom siv reagent, cov kua qaub-resistant manifold muaj siab thiab nqus. pipelines.

Thaum kho cov kua qaub cua sov, cov lus qhia tshuaj tiv thaiv raug txo qis rau hauv qhov dej. Lawv cov kab noj hniav sab hauv yog ntim nrog magnesium nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm chips los yog granules, thiab sab nrauv muaj perforated qhov. Thaum raug cov kua qaub, magnesium tso tawm ntau lub zog thermal.

Tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej los ntawm corrosion

Reagents siv rau hauv kev kho cov kua qaub ntawm qhov dej yog qhov chaw corrosive nrog rau cov hlau. Tus nqi corrosion ntawm cov khoom ua los ntawm St3 steel ntawm qhov kub ntawm 20 ° C thiab qhov concentration ntawm HCl 10% yog 7 g / (m ² ∙h), thiab rau kev sib xyaw ntawm 10 % HCl thiab 5% HF – 43 g/(m^{2∙h). Yog li ntawd, inhibitors yog siv los tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej hlau:}

• formalin;
• catapine;
• urotropine;
• I-1-A inhibitor;
• unicol thiab lwm tus.

Kev nyab xeeb rau cov dej acidizing

Cov tshuaj lom thiab cov nplaim taws yog siv thaum acidizing qhov tsim. Nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov dej ntws los yog nchuav, kev puas tsuaj loj tuaj yeem ua tiavib puag ncig.

Ib txoj kev npaj kho kua qaub yog tsim thiab pom zoo los ntawm Chief Engineer ntawm OGPD. Kev ua haujlwm yog ua raws li daim ntawv tso cai thiab kev tswj hwm thev naus laus zis. Kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb hauv qab no siv tau:

• Tseem tshuav ntawm cov tshuaj thiab cov dej ntxuav yog sau rau hauv cov thawv tshwj xeeb rau kev pov tseg tom ntej.
• Cov kua qaub vapor yog saib xyuas siv lub tshuab ntsuas roj.
• Cov khoom siv twj tso kua mis thiab cov tso tsheb hlau luam tau teeb tsa ntawm qhov deb tsawg kawg 10 m ntawm lub qhov dej, lub tsheb cab nyob rau hauv qhov kev taw qhia.
• Thaum lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj acids, tsuas yog cov neeg ua haujlwm uas nws cov haujlwm ncaj qha cuam tshuam nrog kev saib xyuas cov cuab yeej nyob ze ntawm chav tsev; tag nrho lwm tus neeg raug tshem tawm mus rau qhov chaw nyab xeeb.
• Nws txwv tsis pub ua haujlwm thaum cua daj cua dub, thiab hmo ntuj.
• Kho thiab teeb tsa ua haujlwm ntawm cov kav dej thiab cov khoom siv txheej txheem tsis ua tiav kom txog thaum lub siab tso tawm hauv qhov system.
• Tiv thaiv cov teebmeem ntawm cov kua qaub, cov khoom siv tiv thaiv tus kheej yog siv - cov khaub ncaws tshwj xeeb (rubber aprons, khau boots), hnab looj tes roj hmab, tsom iav, qhov ncauj qhov ntswg, lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg.

Lub teb yuav tsum muaj kev pabcuam thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev ntawm tag nrho cov tshuaj thiab cov tshuaj kom tsis txhob muaj cov kua qaub (txiv qaub, chalk, chloramine thiab lwm yam). Txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm engineering yuav tsum tau txais kev cob qhia ib ntus thiab ntawv pov thawj rau kev paub txog kev nyab xeeb raws li lub sijhawm pom zoo los ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub tuam txhab.