Plexiglas yog Txhais, nta thiab cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Plexiglas yog cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb uas tau tsim los ntawm Plexiglas hom hauv 30s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Nws cov khoom lag luam tau pib ua los ntawm Röhm thiab Haas Company. Cov khoom tshiab yog qhov xav tau zoo thaum Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II, muab kev txhim kho kev lag luam dav hlau, uas ua rau nws tuaj yeem txhim kho tsis tau tsuas yog cov dav hlau hulls, tab sis kuj cockpits. Cov khoom nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim siab muaj qib siab ntawm pob tshab, lub zog, thiab tsis muaj cov khoom tawg thaum lub sij hawm kev puas tsuaj. Ntxiv qhov zoo ntawm plexiglass yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv me me nrog aviation kerosene thiab roj, nrog rau huab cua tsis kam.

cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

Plexiglas. Nws yog dab tsi, lawv kawm nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union nyob rau hauv 1936. Cov khoom siv tau tsim thiab tsim tawm ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Tshawb Fawb ntawm Plastics. Xyoo 1941 thiab 1945 cov khoom siv tau nquag siv hauv kev npaj ntawm ntau hom dav hlau, turrets, thiab qee yam ntawm submarines.

Tam sim no plexiglass yog ib qho khoom siv uas siv tau los ua qhov chaw txhim khu kev qha thiab lub teeb yuag hauv equipping high-speed aircraft thiab lwm yam qauv zoo sib xws. Fluoracrylic iav yog siv ua ke nrog txhuas thiab titaniumalloys. Qhov ntsuas kub ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw yog 230-250 degrees Celsius.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias cov khoom siv polymer tsuas tuaj yeem hloov cov iav ib nrab uas muaj thermal stability thiab muaj zog ntxiv. Feem ntau, cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no yog siv hauv kev tsim cov khoom sib xyaw. Txoj kev loj hlob ntxiv ntawm aviation implies flights nyob rau hauv lub Uppermost khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov huab cua, uas yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb. Ntuj plexiglass yog siv los tsim cov dav hlau xws li Shuttle thiab Buran.

Analogues

Plexiglas tsis yog ib qho kev xaiv acrylic nkaus xwb. Muaj lwm txoj hauv kev los ntawm polystyrene, carbonate, lossis vinyl chloride. Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim siab yog thermoplastic resin. Xws li cov khoom tuaj yeem hu ua iav purely conditionally. Qhov tseeb, cov khoom siv yog hom sib txawv kiag li, ua ib hom inorganic composite uas ua raws li iav hauv qhov nqaim.

Cov khoom no muaj ntau lub hom phiaj zoo. Cov no suav nrog:

• Nyob.
• Siv cov khoom siv los ua lwm txoj hauv silicate iav (peb tab tom tham txog PMMA).
• Tus qauv no softer thiab nyab xeeb dua li iav zoo tib yam.
• siab zog thiab khawb tsis kam.

Ntawm qhov tsis zoo, nws tuaj yeem sau tseg tias plexiglass yog ib yam khoom uas yooj yim puas ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 100 degrees. Cov khoom yog tsis resistant rau alkalis, acids thiabcawv. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev tsim no qhia txog cov hluav taws xob infrared, lub teeb ci ultraviolet, thiab tseem qiv nws tus kheej zoo rau kev ua haujlwm nrog cov cuab yeej siv hlau ua ke.

Txhua yam khoom siv Plexiglas

Plexiglas muaj acrylic, polymer thiab methyl acrylate. Cov khoom yog tsim los ntawm casting los yog extrusion. Cov khoom no yog tsim los ntawm kev qhia cov khoom sib xws rau hauv cov khoom sib xyaw. Yog tias tsim nyog kom tau txais ib qho analogue ntawm cov khoom, uas yuav txawv los ntawm kev ntxiv dag zog thiab elasticity, ntau yam additives yog siv uas nce qib ntawm cov tsis.

Plexiglas - cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb:

• Tau txais cov khoom nug hauv ob txoj hauv kev. Qhov no yog txheem casting los yog extrusion. Qhov kev xaiv thib ob los ntawm lo lus Askiv, uas txhais tau hais tias qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm ob peb txheej ntawm cov yas, suav nrog nws cov yam ntxwv.
• Nyob rau hauv kev lag luam hauv tsev, molding zus tau tej cov iav organic ntau zaus.
• Cov yam ntxwv ntawm txoj kev tsim khoom thib ob - tau txais cov polymer ntim ntawm ob txheej iav, coj mus rau lub xeev ruaj khov.

Ntse & Cov txiaj ntsig

Dab tsi yog plexiglass, koj tuaj yeem nkag siab los ntawm qhov zoo uas nws tau muab piv rau iav zoo tib yam:

• Lub thickness ntawm cov ntawv txheeb yog qis dua qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm extruder.
• Qhov ntev ntawm cov ntsiab lus yog qhov loj dua cov analogues.
• Thickness variations txog li tsib feem pua ntawm tus nqi kwv yees tau tso cai hauv ib pawg.
• Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Plexiglas tshwm rau qhov tsawg duacuam tshuam tsis kam, tab sis ntau rhiab rau kev ntxhov siab ntau, thiab cov tshuaj tsis zoo.

Pros:

• High light transmittance.
• Original zoo, yuav luag 100% tsis hloov.
• Mechanical resistance yog 5 npaug ntawm cov iav zoo tib yam.
• Cov yam ntxwv ntawm plexiglass yog tias nws qhov hnyav yog yuav luag 2.5 npaug tsawg dua li cov tsoos suav nrog tib lub thickness.
• Cov khoom lag luam tsis tas yuav muaj kev txhawb nqa ntxiv, uas tso cai rau koj los tsim qhov pom ntawm qhov chaw qhib.
• Cov khoom siv tiv taus ya raws, kab mob thiab kab mob, tuaj yeem siv rau glazing yachts thiab thoob dej yug ntses.
• Cov khoom tsis ua rau muaj kev phom sij ib puag ncig, tsis txhob tawm cov pa phem thiab cov pa phem thaum hlawv.

Lwm cov txiaj ntsig

Ntawm lwm qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hauv kev xav, cov hauv qab no tuaj yeem raug sau tseg:

• Nws tuaj yeem tsim ntau yam kev teeb tsa los ntawm kev kho cua sov, kom cov ntsiab lus zoo thiab kho qhov muag ntawm cov khoom raug tswj xyuas.
• Kev ua cov qauv tsis nyuaj dua li ua haujlwm nrog tsob ntoo.
• Resistant rau txhua qhov kev nyab xeeb, nrog rau Frost resistance.
• Tsis pub ntau tshaj 73 feem pua ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob ultraviolet hla, thaum infrared puas tsis tau.
• Cov kab hluav taws xob xa mus tsis ua rau yellowing thiab deformation ntawm acrylicib feem ntawm lub khob.
• Tsim yog tshuaj resistant.
• Cov iav no muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo tshaj plaws, tsis tas yuav siv zog ntau thaum lub sijhawm molding, thiab ua haujlwm kub ntawm 150 txog 170 degrees Celsius.
• Cov khoom no yuav tsum tau rov ua dua tshiab hauv ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg.
• Cov khoom muaj cua sov shrinkage (6 feem pua ntawm 2 feem pua zoo li cam khwb cia acrylic).

Flaws thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv

Organic iav yog cov khoom siv nrog qee qhov tsis zoo. Ntawm lawv:

• Susceptibility rau deformation deformation (hardness - tsis ntau tshaj 190 N / sq. mm).
• Technological teeb meem hauv tshav kub thiab lub tshuab nqus tsev.
• Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ntxhov siab sab hauv ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov quav thiab tsim. Qhov no ua rau cov tsos ntawm microcracks.
• Cov khoom raug sau tseg tias yog nplaim taws (260 degrees yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws).

Raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom lag luam rau cov tshuaj reagents, ntawm no peb tuaj yeem sau ntau qhov nuances:

• iav yas tuaj yeem tawm tsam los ntawm ntau yam tshuaj, suav nrog cov tshuaj fluorine thiab hydrocyanide.
• Cov khoom siv tau tawm tsam los ntawm cov concentrated thiab dilute sulfuric, chromic thiab nitric acids.
• Cov khoom no siv chlorinated hydrocarbons, aldehydes, esters thiab ketones ua cov kuab tshuaj.
• Organic iav kuj tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tiv taus butane, ethyl thiabpropyl cawv. Nrog kev sib cuag ntev nrog 10% analogue ntawm hom no, plexiglass tsis cuam tshuam nrog nws.

Kev thauj mus los thiab khaws cia

Organic iav yog thauj los ntawm kev tsheb ciav hlau lossis txoj kev. Nws yog thauj mus rau hauv cov thawv ntim, uas ua tau raws li cov qauv ntawm cov kev cai rau kev thauj khoom. Nws tsis yog txwv tsis pub thauj cov khoom zoo li no hauv txoj kev qhib, txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau npog nws hauv qab cov khoom siv dej tsis zoo. Kev xa khoom ntawm cov khoom no ua ke nrog cov tshuaj thiab lawv cov khoom siv mus pw hav zoov tsis suav nrog.

Ntau yam

Colorless analogue muaj lub hauv paus pob tshab nrog rau qib ntawm lub teeb xa mus txog li 92 feem pua. Feem ntau, kev hloov pauv ntawm hom translucent yog siv, uas txawv ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ob sab. Cov khoom siv no yog siv los kho cov kev lag luam thiab lwm cov qauv.

Organic iav yog raug xov txiav, haum nrog cov pob qij txha tsim nyog, sib tsoo, polishing, ntau yam kev sib txawv. Ntxiv nrog rau kev lag luam automotive, plexiglass yog siv hauv ophthalmology, lo ntsiab muag rau lub zeem muag tau tsim los ntawm nws ntev. Intraocular analogues paub txog lub xub ntiag ntawm lub lens dag, uas tso cai rau koj los txiav txim qhov muag ntawm tib neeg, tsis hais hnub nyoog li cas.

Lwm qhov chaw ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm cov khoom hauv nqe lus nug: teeb pom kev zoo, kev tshaj tawm sab nraum zoov, suav nrog cov nqi cim npe thiab cov chaw tshwj xeeb, thiabkuj rau glazing aircraft cabins, thoob dej yug ntses, dielectric qhov chaw thiab ntim.