Txoj hauv kev zoo los tiv thaiv cov kav dej los ntawm kev xeb

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Kev tiv thaiv cov kav dej los ntawm kev xeb yog ua los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev. Qhov no yog vim qhov sib txawv ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm deformation nws tus kheej, uas nyob ntawm seb hom ntawm qhov chaw ntawm txoj kev loj thiab qhov chaw nyob ib puag ncig. Corrosion ntawm hlau xov hlau txhais tau hais tias spontaneous deformation ntawm cov ntsiab lus vim yog tshuaj los yog electrochemical txheej txheem. Hom deformations tseem ceeb yog kua, atmospheric, underground.

Yog vim li cas

Cov hauv qab no yog cov ntsiab lus luv luv ntawm kev puas tsuaj uas yog qib los ntawm kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm cov kav dej roj:

1. Tshuaj ua haujlwm - oxidation tshwm sim ntawm cov hlau qhov chaw, vim nws hloov mus rau hauv thaj chaw ionic ruaj khov, nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv tsis zoo.
2. Electrochemical corrosion - cov hlau raug puas tsuaj ntawm tus nqi nyob ntawm qhov nkag ntawm electrode. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias cov atoms yog ionized nyias, nrog rau kev rov ua dua tshiab ntawm oxidizing tus neeg sawv cev hauv electrolyte.
3. Qhov kev phom sij tshaj plaws yog kev tawm tsam tam sim no. Qhov teeb meem no tau pom nyob zehluav taws xob conductive systems, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm \u200b\u200brailways nrog kev sib cuag network.

cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov kav xa hluav taws xob tiv thaiv corrosion suav nrog peb hom: tread, cathode thiab cov kav dej. Txhawm rau kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv, kev ntsuas nyuaj yog siv, suav nrog cathodic, tread, kev tiv thaiv dej. Cov chaw nres tsheb Cathode tau tsim nrog ntau lub qhov tso dej thiab tawg ntho anodes kom tsis txhob muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm kev sib txuas lus hauv av.

Cathodic corrosion tiv thaiv ntawm cov kav dej

Txoj kev no yog txhawm rau txuas tus ncej zoo ntawm DC lub tshuab hluav taws xob mus rau tus neeg xyuas pib ntawm anode-grounding. Los ntawm nws, cov dej ntws nkag mus rau hauv av, ntws los ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev rau hauv cov kav dej. Lawv hla cov yeeb nkab mus rau qhov chaw uas tus neeg xyuas pib txuas, ces mus rau qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov chaw.

Yog tias muaj qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob txaus, tag nrho qhov ua haujlwm ntawm cov kav dej xa hluav taws xob yuav tsis zoo-cathode. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv qhov tsim ntawm active corrosion. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, grounding (khoom hlau) ua lub anode seem. Yog li ntawd, cov yeeb nkab yog potentiated negatively hwm rau hauv av.

tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv

Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub raj xa hluav taws xob tiv thaiv corrosion muab kev tsim kom muaj peev xwm thaiv tau los ntawm kev txuas cov hlau tiv thaiv rau cov kav dej nrog qhov ntsuas tsis zoo tshaj qhov ntsuas ntawm cov kav dej nws tus kheej. SivTxoj kev no tsis muab rau ib qho chaw sab nraud tam sim no, cov yam ntxwv xav tau yog tsim los ntawm kev siv galvanic anode cell. Raws li kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, cathodic polarization ua rau ntawm cov kav dej roj, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej txheem corrosion.

Cov khoom siv ua haujlwm tuaj yeem yog zinc, txhuas, magnesium nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov alloys tshwj xeeb (ML, TsO, Ts1 thiab lwm yam). Hom kev tiv thaiv no yooj yim li sai tau, tsis tas yuav tsum muaj kev saib xyuas ntxiv. Txoj kev no, ua ke nrog lwm txoj hauv kev, muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev siv los tiv thaiv ib tus neeg cov khoom uas tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm cov seem uas nyob ib sab ntawm cathodic kev nyab xeeb. Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov raj xa hluav taws xob tiv thaiv corrosion yog tsim nyog rau cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tsheb ciav hlau thiab kev loj hla kev, ntawm cov chaw uas tsim cov qauv hauv av.

Cov tiv thaiv tau teeb tsa hauv cov khoom ntawm ntau lub ntsiab lus, txuas ncaj qha rau cov yeeb nkab lossis cathode qhov hluav taws xob. Nruab nrab ntawm lawv tus kheej, lawv txuas nrog siv ib qho tshwj xeeb cable, hlau ua los ntawm hlau los yog tooj liab. Txhawm rau kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv, cov khoom tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv qhov muab tub lim, uas txo qhov kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg yog magnesium sulfate los yog sodium nrog av nplaum. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov kav dej yog li 3-6 meters.

kwv dej

Ntau zaus, tram thiab railway rails ntawm electrified lem tsis muaj conductivity zoo, uas ua rau ib feem ntawm cov hluav taws xob tam sim no nkag mus rau hauv av. Nws yog los ntawm qhov no tias nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tiv thaiv cov kav dej uas khiav ze ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau. Nyob ntawmnyob rau ntawm qhov chaw nkag ntawm cov stray tam sim no rau hauv cov yeeb nkab, lub peev xwm cathode yog tsim, thiab ntawm kev tawm, thaj tsam anode. Nws yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw kawg uas cov hlau puas lawm.

Kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm cov kav xa hluav taws xob steel yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo los tawm tsam cov dej tsis zoo. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm cov nyhuv no, cov kav dej yog deformed los ntawm thiab los ntawm lub sij hawm luv luv. Hom kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb suav nrog kev tshem tawm cov tam sim no los ntawm cov kav dej mus rau qhov tseem ceeb uas siv tus neeg xyuas pib. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub peev xwm ntawm cov kav dej nrog kev hwm rau hauv av txo qis, uas ua rau tshem tawm cov alternating thiab anode seem nrog rau kev ncua kev ncua ntawm tam sim no to hauv av.

Drainage nta

Kev tso cov kab hluav taws xob tso rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm hem. Kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub ntsiab gas pipeline tiv thaiv corrosion yog ua nyob rau hauv lub tsheb npav tsis zoo ntawm lub traction substation los yog nyob rau hauv railway rail. Hauv thawj kis, kev sib txuas tuaj yeem ncaj qha lossis polarized.

Kev tso dej ncaj nraim yog qhov tsim nyog yog tias lub peev xwm ntawm cov kav xa dej siab tshaj qhov kev tshem tawm tam sim no. Thaum teeb tsa hluav taws xob tso rau ntawm txoj hlua, qhov kev sib txuas yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb polarized. Nws txawv ntawm qhov ncaj version nyob rau hauv uas lub Circuit Court muab rau tshwj xeeb kev teeb tsa los tiv thaiv kev xa rov qab ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no rau cov kav dej. Cov kab dej ntws tawm muaj nyob rau hauv ib lub cable lossis atmospheric version, thiab cov cuab yeej tau txuas rau ntawm nws.

Corrosion of underground pipelines

Hom kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov yeeb nkab yog hais txog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lawv qhov kev puas tsuaj vim yog kev tsim cov kab nrib pleb thiab tawg. Corrosion raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov hlau nrog ib puag ncig ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv nws cov qauv, uas ua rau muaj kev sib txuam deformations. Electrochemical kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov pa roj pipeline tiv thaiv corrosion ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv xws li malfunctions, vim hais tias feem ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo xws li txoj kev. Ntawd yog, cathode thiab anode zones yog tsim nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm cov yeeb nkab.

Raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm electromotive ntws ntawm ib khub galvanic, electrons los ntawm cov hlau hlau nkag mus rau hauv cathode compartment, ntws mus rau hauv av thiab tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog oxidizing electrolyte, provoking tsim oxygen thiab hydrogen ions. Qhov sib npaug electrolytic cuam tshuam, ntawm qhov chaw anode, cov khoom hlau zoo nkag mus rau hauv cov av, uas ua rau galvanic puas vim qhov poob ntawm cov hlau loj.

Tiv thaiv cov kav dej hauv av los ntawm kev xeb

Muaj ob txoj hauv kev tiv thaiv hauv qhov kev taw qhia no: nquag thiab tsis ua haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thib ob, nws yuav tsum tsim kom muaj qhov thaiv qhov thaiv ntawm cov hlau ntawm cov yeeb nkab thiab cov av nyob ib puag ncig nws. Ua li no, siv ntau txheej txheej xws li cov ntaub nplaum polymer, bitumen, resins.

Txhua cov txheej txheej insulating rau kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm cov kav dej yuav tsum ua tau raws li cov qauv thiab cov cai. Ntawm lawv:

• tshuaj tiv thaiv;
• siab hluav taws xob;
• lees txais tus nqiadhesion rau hlau nto;
• siab txhua yam muaj zog;
• tsis-susceptibility rau climatic yam;
• khaws cia ntawm nws cov khoom thaum raug kub thiab qis;
• tsis muaj kev siv tshuab lossis lub Hoobkas ua haujlwm;
• cov muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj cov khoom uas muaj cov nyhuv corrosive ntawm cov hlau;
• tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam ntawm ntau yam kab mob.

Efficiency

Raws li kev xyaum qhia, nws yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv los ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheej insulating. Cov khoom sib txawv muaj qhov sib txawv diffuse permeability, uas ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov raj xa dej los ntawm ib puag ncig. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm tsim thiab tso txheej txheem, dents, tawg thiab lwm yam tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv lub txheej. Los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau kev tiv thaiv passive yog qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws, txij li nyob rau hauv cov chaw no cov txheej txheem ntawm av corrosion yog nquag mus.

Vim txoj kev no tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov kav dej, kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov kav dej tiv thaiv corrosion kuj tseem siv. Nws yog ua raws li kev tswj hwm ntawm cov txheej txheem electrochemical uas tshwm sim ntawm thaj tsam ntawm cov yeeb nkab hlau thiab hauv av electrolyte. Txoj kev no yog hu ua kev tiv thaiv zoo. Nyob rau hauv lub active theem, cathodic polarization yog muab, uas ua rau kom ib tug txo nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm dissolution ntawm cov hlau raws li cov corrosion muaj peev xwm txav mus rau ib tug tsis zoo taw qhia, upwards los ntawm lub ntuj parameter.

Txoj cai ntawm cathodic polarization

Cathodic kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov kav dej hauv av yog ua los ntawm kev siv cov anodes los yog los ntawm polarization los ntawm qhov chaw ncaj qha tam sim no. Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub, kev suav yog coj los ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov hlau sib txawv hauv cov electrolyte muaj qhov sib txawv. Yog li ntawd, thaum tsim ib tug galvanic khub ntawm ob cov ntaub ntawv thiab immersing lawv nyob rau hauv ib tug electrolyte, cov hlau, lub peev xwm ntawm uas muaj ib tug loj tsis zoo qhia, yuav yog lub anode. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov khoom sib txawv yuav raug kev puas tsuaj tsawg dua.

Hauv cov ntsiab lus siv tau, cov kab mob galvanic sacrificial muaj magnesium, txhuas lossis zinc tiv thaiv. Kev tiv thaiv zoo li no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cov av uas tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv (txog 50 Ohm m).

External sources

Cathodic tiv thaiv cov kav xa hluav taws xob los ntawm cov txheej txheem corrosive nrog kev pab los ntawm lwm qhov chaw yog qhov nyuaj dua. Txawm hais tias qhov nyuaj ntawm kev teeb tsa cov txheej txheem, xws li cov txheej txheem tsis nyob ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb cov av tiv thaiv thiab muaj peev xwm tsis muaj zog. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw ncaj qha tam sim no yog ua si los ntawm cov hloov pauv ntawm ntau yam kev teeb tsa thiab kev tsim qauv, uas yog siv los ntawm cov hluav taws xob sib txawv.

Hloov cov ntsiab lus ua kom nws tuaj yeem kho qhov tam sim no ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv hauv ntau yam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov kav dej roj tau lees paub, tsis hais txog qhov xwm txheej ib puag ncig. Lub zog loj:

• 0, 4/6, 0/10, 0 kW;
• diesel generator;
• thermal, gas thiab lwm yam analogues.

Tiv thaiv tam sim no ntws ua yeeb yam ntawm cov kav dej tsim kom muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hlau mus rau hauv av thiab muab faib tsis sib npaug raws qhov ntev ntawm cov kav dej.