Steel U8: yam ntxwv, daim ntawv thov, kev txhais

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm U8 steel, nrog rau lwm cov qib ntawm cov cuab yeej siv, yog vim qhov tseeb tias cov khoom muaj xws li carbon. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom no los ntawm lwm cov alloys yog qhov tsis xws li hnav tsis kam, lub zog thiab hardness nyob rau theem siab dua.

Khoom cim

Ua ntej peb tig mus rau qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm U8 steel cim, nws tsim nyog sau cia tias txhua lub xeev muaj nws tus qauv thiab cov khoom siv tib yam tuaj yeem raug xaiv los ntawm ntau txoj kev. Raws li rau Lavxias teb sab Federation, GOST qhia U8 cim. Nws tseem tsim nyog sau cia tias muaj qee qhov hloov kho me ntsis, uas tau xaiv los ua U8A.

1. thawj yam uas mus hauv qhov piav qhia yog tsab ntawv "U". Nws tsuas yog qhia tias cov hlau belongs rau cov cuab yeej cuab yeej. Nws tsis qhia cov ntsiab lus ntawm ib yam khoom lossis cov khoom.
2. Tus lej, hauv qhov no 8, yuav qhia qhov concentration ntawm cov khoom hauv paus hauv chav kawm hlau no. Cov khoom tseem ceeb yog carbon, thiab nws cov ntsiab lus yog qhia nyob rau hauv kaum ntawm ib feem pua. Ntawd yog, hauv U8 steel, cov ntsiab luscarbon yog 0.8%. Tsis ntau los yog tsawg.
3. Raws li kev hloov kho ntawm U8A steel, txhua yam yooj yim heev. Lub xub ntiag ntawm tsab ntawv "A" tsuas yog ib qho kev xaiv dav dav, uas qhia tau hais tias qee qhov teeb meem impurities raug tshem tawm ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg, uas ua rau nws tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom qub.

Ntxiv

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ntxiv ntawm no tias tsis muaj lwm yam kev xaiv hauv kev kos npe. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hlau muab rau muaj ntau lwm yam khoom. Piv txwv li, qhov no suav nrog cov khoom xws li silicon thiab manganese. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee qhov teeb meem impurities kuj muaj nyob rau hauv cov qauv. Ntawm lawv, piv txwv li, phosphorus thiab sulfur tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv yog qhov feem ntau. Lawm, qhov zoo ntawm cov hlau yuav ncaj qha nyob ntawm seb cov concentration ntawm cov tshuaj no. Qhov siab dua lawv cov ntsiab lus, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom yuav yog.

Substance summary

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm steel U8, zoo li U8A, yog qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws los ua ntau yam cuab yeej los ntawm nws. Tias yog vim li cas nws belongs rau pawg instrumental. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tam sim ntawd hais tias nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm cov khoom no, xws li ib tug txheej txheem li alloying yog tsis nqa tawm. Qhov tsis ua haujlwm no tsis tso cai rau kev txhim kho qhov yuav tsum tau ua, piv txwv li, hardness lossis lub zog, tab sis tib lub sijhawm nws tsis nce tus nqi rau cov khoom, uas tseem ceeb heev.

khoom tseem ceeb

U8 steel muaj cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:

1. Raws li tau hais ua ntej - qhov taw qhia siab ntawm lub zog thiab tawv. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog kom cov cuab yeej tsim khoom tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau ntev yam tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm ntxiv.
2. Heat resistance. Thaum lub sij hawm txhua yam kev ua haujlwm, kev sib txhuam tshwm sim, vim qhov kub ntawm cov khoom nce. Yog tias ceev thiab / lossis cua sov ntawm cov hlau tshwm sim, qhov no yuav ua rau kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Yuav muaj xws li ib tug tsis xws luag raws li ib tug nce nyob rau hauv plasticity thiab ib tug rearrangement ntawm siv lead ua lattice. Xws li ib qho kev ntsuas raws li qhov kub tsis kam txiav txim siab lub peev xwm ntawm cov hlau yuav raug rau txhua yam kev ntxhov siab thiab tib lub sijhawm tsis ua kom sov. Yog hais tias cov khoom tseem rhuab, ces cov hlau yuav tsis poob nws lub zog. Raws li rau U8 steel, qhov ntsuas no tsis siab dhau.
3. Tsawg susceptibility rau lo los yog vuam. Thaum lub sij hawm ua, tus nqi pub, piv txwv li, tuaj yeem siab heev. Qhov no yuav ua rau cov hlau sib txawv cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg, thiab qhov no yuav ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo. Lawm, qhov zoo ntawm cov hlau no nws thiaj li deteriorate.
4. Lwm qhov tseem ceeb rau U8 steel yog tawg ua haujlwm. Feem ntau, cov xwm txheej zoo li no tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm machining cov khoom yog raug rau cov neeg kho tshuab shocks lossis muaj zog vibration. Yog tias qhov kev tiv thaiv tsawg dhau, qhov no yuav ua rau tsim cov microcracks hauv cov qauv ntawm cov khoom, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm microcracks.nce ntxiv ntawm brittleness.
5. Tus yam ntxwv kawg yog qib viscosity ntawm cov hlau. Qhov kev ntsuas no yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau cov hlau uas cov khoom raug poob siab rau yav tom ntej yuav raug tsim. Yog li, qhov ntsuas no tseem ceeb heev rau cov cuab yeej alloys.

khoom siv

Feem ntau cov hlau U8 raws li GOST 2283-79 yog siv los txiav qhov chaw ntawm ntau yam cuab yeej. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias cov khoom no resists kub loads zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, tib lub sijhawm, nws tseem yog feem ntau siv rau cov ntsiab lus uas yuav tsis raug cua sov thaum ua haujlwm. Feem ntau, steel yog siv los ua chisels, chisels, saws, axes, rauj, thiab lwm yam. Hauv lwm lo lus, peb tuaj yeem hais tias qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv hlau ntawm qib no yog kev tsim cov hlau thiab cov cuab yeej sib dhos.

Material Composition

Raws li tau hais dhau los, cov khoom sib xyaw suav nrog tsis yog carbon xwb. Yuav luag 97% yog Fe tshuaj. Qhov no yog ua raws li C - 0.76-0.83%. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom xws li Si thiab Mn yog 0.17-0.33%. Ntxiv rau cov khoom no, cov qauv kuj suav nrog P, S, Ni. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj no yog me me thiab tsis pub tshaj 0.25%. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem ntxiv tias qhov hardening ntawm U8 steel yog nqa tawm ntawm qhov kub ntawm li 780-800 degrees Celsius. Rau kev tso tawm, cov dej zoo tib yam yog siv. Qhov kub ntawm cov hlau yog kwv yees li 240-270 degrees Celsius. Lub sijhawm so so yog faib kwv yees li 30-40 feeb.

Kev tshuaj xyuas txog hlau rau U8 riam yog txhua yam zoo. Cov tswv tau thov tias yog tias cov cuab yeej siv tau raug thiab tsis raug rau lub zog poob siab dhau lawm, ces nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau ntev. Cov hlau nws tus kheej yog qhov ntse heev thiab, yog tias koj tsis txiav cov khoom uas muaj cov qauv ntom ntom, ces qhov ntse yuav nyob twj ywm rau lub sijhawm ntev.