Shilka self-propelled anti-aircraft phom. ZSU-23-4 "Shilka"

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Nyob rau hauv thawj ob xyoo caum tom qab nws tshwm sim, aviation tau los ua ib tug formidable sib ntaus sib tua quab yuam. Lawm, txhais tau tias tam sim ntawd pib tshwm sim los tiv thaiv nws kev puas tsuaj onslaught. Txawm tias lub dav hlau yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm Thawj Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau cov tub rog ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam. Tom qab ntawd muaj Spain, Abyssinia thiab ntau lwm yam kev tsis sib haum xeeb uas tau tshwm sim nrog kev siv dav hlau, kev foob pob feem ntau tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv los yog cov zej zog muaj kev thaj yeeb, tsis muaj kev sib tham. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tawm tsam loj heev rau kev dav hlau pib xyoo 1939, thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II tau tshwm sim. Air Defense artillery tau dhau los ua ib hom riam phom cais. Feem ntau, qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub rog hauv av tau sawv cev los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tawm tsam cov dav hlau ua haujlwm ntawm qhov siab qis thiab xa cov foob pob raug kaw. Qhov xwm txheej no tsis tau hloov pauv hauv xya xyoo dhau los.

keeb kwm keeb kwm ntawm Shilka tswvyim

Tam sim no thaum kawg ntawm nees nkaum xyoo pua XX, ntau lub tuam txhab caj npab, cia siab tias qhov kev thov loj hlob tuaj, pib tsim cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob nrawm nrawm, tsim feem ntau rausib ntaus sib tua lub hom phiaj. Yog li ntawd, cov qauv ntawm cov phom me me ntawm cov turret sawv, nruab nrog lub voj voog ncig, tau tshwm sim. Piv txwv yog German FlaK anti-aircraft phom (luv rau Flugzeugabwehrkanone), tau txais los ntawm Wehrmacht xyoo 1934. Thaum tsov rog uas pib tsib xyoos tom qab ntawd, lawv tau rov kho dua tshiab thiab tsim tawm ntau heev. Lub Oerlikons, tsim nyob rau hauv Switzerland (1927) thiab siv los ntawm tag nrho cov warring tog ntawm Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II, tau txais koob meej. Cov tshuab tau pom kev ua haujlwm siab hauv kev tawm tsam cov dav hlau yuam kom ua haujlwm ntawm qhov siab qis. Lub caliber ntawm cov phom tua ceev no feem ntau yog 20 hli nrog qhov ntev sib txawv ntawm daim cartridge (qhov pib ceev thiab yog li, qhov ntau yog nyob ntawm qhov ntim ntawm cov khoom tawg hauv lub tes tsho). Qhov nce ntawm qhov hluav taws kub tau ua tiav los ntawm kev siv ntau lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Yog li, lub tswv yim dav dav tau tsim, raws li Soviet self-propelled anti-aircraft phom "Shilka" tom qab tsim.

Vim li cas peb thiaj xav tau rab phom tua hluav taws kub ceev rau tus kheej

Hauv 50s, foob pob hluav taws thev naus laus zis tau tshwm sim, suav nrog kev tiv thaiv dav hlau. Lub tswv yim bombers thiab reconnaissance aircraft, uas yav tas los muaj kev ntseeg siab nyob rau hauv txawv teb chaws skies, dheev poob lawv incessibility. Tau kawg, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm aviation kuj tau ua raws li txoj hauv kev nce lub qab nthab thiab nrawm, tab sis nws tau dhau los ua tsis zoo rau cov dav hlau nres zoo tib yam los tshwm rau cov yeeb ncuab txoj haujlwm. Muaj tseeb tiag, lawv muaj ib txoj hauv kev zoo kom tsis txhob raug ntaus los ntawm huab cua tiv thaiv cuaj luaj, thiab nws muaj nyob rau hauv kev nkag mus rau lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov siab qis heev. Raws li qhov kawg ntawm 60slub anti-aircraft artillery ntawm lub USSR twb tsis tau npaj txhij mus tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab aircraft ya raws ib tug ca trajectory ntawm kev kub ceev. Lub sij hawm teb tau dhau los ua luv luv, ib tus neeg txawm tias qhov nrawm tshaj plaws "boxing" reflexes tsis tuaj yeem lub cev muaj sijhawm qhib hluav taws, ntau dua ntaus lub hom phiaj flashing saum ntuj rau ib lub vib nas this. automation thiab txhim khu kev qha kev tshawb nrhiav tshuab yuav tsum tau. Xyoo 1957, tsab cai zais cia ntawm Pawg Thawj Kav Tebchaws tau pib pib ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim hluav taws kub ceev ZSU. Lawv kuj tuaj nrog lub npe: Shilka self-propelled anti-aircraft phom. Nws yog ib qho teeb meem me me: tsim thiab tsim nws.

ZSU yuav tsum zoo li cas?

Cov kev xav tau rau cov thev naus laus zis tshiab suav nrog ntau yam khoom, uas yog ntau yam tshwj xeeb rau peb cov kws tua phom. Nov yog qee qhov ntawm lawv:

- Anti-aircraft phom "Shilka" yuav tsum muaj ib lub radar built-in los ntes cov dav hlau ua phem.

- Calibre - 23 mm. Tau kawg, nws yog me me, tab sis kev coj ua ntawm kev ua tub rog yav dhau los tau pom tias nrog qhov hluav taws kub siab, kev tawg tawg tawg tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj txaus kom tsis txhob muaj peev xwm sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub tsheb tawm tsam.

- Lub kaw lus yuav tsum suav nrog cov cuab yeej tsis siv neeg uas tsim cov txheej txheem rau kev taug qab lub hom phiaj thaum tua nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej sib txawv, suav nrog kev txav mus los. Muab lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, txoj hauj lwm tsis yog ib qho yooj yim.

- Lub Shilka installation yuav tsum yog tus kheej-propelled, muaj peev xwm txav mus los ntawm ntxhib struts raws li ib tug tank.

Cannons

Cov phom loj ntawm USSR txij li Stalin lub sijhawm yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, yog li tsis muaj lus nug txog txhua yam uas cuam tshuam nrog "cov pob tw". Nws tsuas yog tseem xaiv qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau lub tshuab them nyiaj (cov kab xev tau lees paub tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws). Tsis siv neeg rab phom 23-mm calibre "Amur" AZP-23 nrog ib tug impressive "kev ua tau zoo" ntawm 3400 rds / min. xav tau kev quab yuam ua kua txias (antifreeze los yog dej), tab sis nws tsim nyog nws. Txhua lub hom phiaj nyob rau hauv ib lub vojvoog ntawm 200 m mus rau 2.5 km muaj tsawg txoj hauv kev muaj sia nyob, ntaus cov hlaws ntawm qhov pom. Cov pob tw tau nruab nrog lub zog ruaj khov, lawv txoj haujlwm tau tswj hwm los ntawm hydraulic actuators. Muaj plaub rab phom.

Qhov twg muab lub kav hlau txais xov radar?

ZSU-23 "Shilka" yog tsim raws li cov txheej txheem classical nrog rau kev sib ntaus sib tua, sab qaum teb fais fab nroj tsuag, rov qab kis tau tus mob thiab mobile turret. Qee qhov teeb meem tshwm sim nrog kev tso chaw ntawm radar kav hlau txais xov. Nws yog irrational muab tso rau nruab nrab ntawm lub chim, hlau qhov chaw yuav ua tau ib tug screen rau emission thiab tau txais signals. Txoj hauj lwm sab nraud raug hem nrog kev puas tsuaj ntawm "phaj" los ntawm kev vibrations uas tshwm sim thaum tua. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm muaj zog hluav taws xob countermeasures (kev cuam tshuam), ib phau ntawv tswj kev xaiv tau muab nrog aiming los ntawm gunner pom, thiab tus tsim ntawm lub emitter yuav thaiv qhov pom. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tus kav hlau txais xov tau ua foldable thiab muab tso rau saum lub hwj chim compartment ntawm lub stern.

Lub cev muaj zog thiab chassis

Chassis qiv los ntawm lub teeb tankPIB-76. Nws suav nrog rau txoj kev log ntawm txhua sab. Lub shock absorbers yog torsion bar, lem yog nruab nrog roj hmab ntsaws ruaj ruaj los tiv thaiv hnav ntxov ntxov.

Boosted engine (B6R), 280 hp. nrog., nrog ejection txias system. Cov kis tau tus mob yog tsib-ceev, muab qhov sib txawv ntawm 30 km / h (ntawm qhov nyuaj struts) mus txog 50 km / h (ntawm txoj kev loj). Lub zog cia yam tsis muaj refueling - mus txog 450 km / h nrog lub tank puv.

Lub ZU-23 chav tsev yog nruab nrog lub tshuab lim cua zoo meej, suav nrog lub tshuab labyrinth ntawm kev faib tawm, nrog rau kev tshuaj xyuas ntxiv ntawm cov pa pa phem.

Tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm lub tsheb yog 21 tons, suav nrog lub turret - ntau tshaj 8 tons.

Instruments

Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas Shilka nws tus kheej-tsim phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau nruab nrog yog kev koom ua ke rau hauv ib qho RPK-2M hluav taws xob tswj qhov system. Cov cuab yeej siv xov tooj cua muaj xws li radar (1RL33M2, sib sau ua ke ntawm lub teeb lub hauv paus), lub khoos phis tawj ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm (thaum lub sijhawm tsim cov qauv nws tau hu ua lub ntsuas ntsuas), lub xov tooj cua cuam tshuam kev tiv thaiv, kev kho qhov muag thaub qab. pom.

Lub complex muab lub peev xwm los ntes lub hom phiaj (ntawm qhov deb txog li 20 km), nws tsis siv neeg taug qab (txog 15 km), hloov cov cab kuj zaus ntawm pulses thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam (wobble), suav cov tsis muaj hluav taws kub kom ua tiav qhov muaj feem ntau ntawm kev ntaus lub plhaub. Lub kaw lus tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv tsib hom, suav nrog kev nco txog qhov sib koom ua ke ntawm ib qho khoom, txiav txim siab nws lub kaum sab xis thiab tua ntawm lub hom phiaj hauv av.

Kev sib txuas lus sab nraud yog ua los ntawm lub xov tooj cua R-123M, sab hauv - los ntawm intercom TPU-4.

Vajntxwv hnub nyoog thiab daim ntawv thov kev paub

Shilka self-propelled anti-aircraft phom tau muab tso rau hauv kev pab ntau tshaj li ib nrab xyoo dhau los. Txawm hais tias muaj hnub nyoog muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov riam phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, plaub lub xeev tseem muaj nws nyob rau hauv arsenal ntawm lawv cov tub rog. Cov tub rog Israeli, uas nyob rau xyoo 1973 tau ntsib kev cuam tshuam ntawm plaub lub thoob ntawm SZU ntawm nws lub dav hlau, tseem siv rau caum daim ntawv raug ntes los ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws, ntxiv rau cov khoom ntxiv tom qab. Ntxiv nrog rau cov koom pheej uas yav dhau los tau tsim los ntawm USSR, ntau lub xeev ntawm Africa, Asia thiab Arab ntiaj teb tau npaj siv rab phom tiv thaiv Soviet thaum muaj tsov rog. Qee tus ntawm lawv muaj kev paub dhau los hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua siv cov tshuab tiv thaiv huab cua, uas tau tswj kom ua tsov rog nyob rau hauv Middle East thiab Nyab Laj (thiab tsis muaj kev tawm tsam tsis muaj zog). Lawv kuj yog nyob rau hauv cov tub rog ntawm lub qub Warsaw Pact lub teb chaws, thiab nyob rau hauv ntau tus lej. Thiab dab tsi yog yam ntxwv: tsis muaj qhov twg thiab tsis muaj leej twg hu ZU-23 ib qho khoom qub lossis lwm lub npe menyuam yaus uas ua rau muaj riam phom qub.

YModernization thiab zeem muag

Yog, tus laus zoo Shilka tsis hluas lawm. Kev txhim kho lub dav hlau tiv thaiv tau dhau los ntawm ntau qhov kev hloov kho tshiab, uas yog txhawm rau txhim kho kev ua haujlwm thiab nce kev ntseeg tau. Nws kawm paub qhov txawv ntawm nws lub dav hlau los ntawm cov neeg txawv txawv, pib ua sai dua, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau txais cov blocks tshiab ntawm lub hauv paus niaj hnub. Qhov kawg "kho dua tshiab" tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub nineties, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, thaj,Modernization muaj peev xwm ntawm no system tau tag lawm. Cov Shilkas tau raug hloov los ntawm Tunguskas thiab lwm yam SZUs, uas muaj peev xwm loj dua. Ib lub dav hlau sib ntaus sib tua niaj hnub tuaj yeem ntaus ZU-23 los ntawm qhov deb tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau nws. Koj ua tau dab tsi, vam meej…