Inguri River: HPP. Inguri hydroelectric fais fab chaw nres tsheb. Qhov chaw ntawm kev phooj ywg ntawm Georgia thiab Abkhazia

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Tus neeg nyeem tej zaum yuav paub txog cov xwm txheej tu siab ntawm Georgian-Abkhazian teeb meem. Thiab niaj hnub no kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov teb chaws no tseem nruj. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ib qho chaw ntawm kev phooj ywg ntawm Georgia thiab koom pheej ntawm Abkhazia, tab sis yuam kev phooj ywg. Qhov no yog qhov chaw nres tsheb fais fab dej ntawm Enguri, yog ib qho zoo nkauj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Wb mus saib nws.

Qhov no yog dab tsi - Enguri hydroelectric power station?

Nov yog lub tuam txhab hluav taws xob loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv tag nrho Caucasus. Inguri, Ingur hydroelectric power station, Inguri hydroelectric fais fab chaw nres tsheb - cov no yog tag nrho nws ntau lub npe. Nws nyob ntawm tus dej ntawm tib lub npe ze ntawm lub nroog Jvari. Nov yog ciam teb ntawm Georgia thiab Abkhazia.

Yog vim li cas lub tuam txhab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm Enguri hu ua qhov chaw ntawm kev phooj ywg ntawm ob lub teb chaws uas tseem ua phem rau ib leeg? Qhov tseeb yog tias nws tau tsim rov qab rau lub sijhawm ntawm USSR, thaum Georgia thiab Abkhazia yog cov koom pheej ntawm tib lub tebchaws. Vim li cas cov chaw dej tseem ceeb nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm ob lub tebchaws niaj hnub no. Yog li ntawd, nws txoj kev siv zog tsuas yog ua tau nrog kev sib koom ua ke.

Short description

Enguri HPP, tau tsim tawm xyoo 1978, hnub no muaj cov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Xav txog nws cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb:

• Type of object: diversion dam.
• Kev tsim hluav taws xob rau lub xyoo: 4430 lab kWh.
• Lub peev xwm: 1300 MW.
• Design head: 325 meters.

Cia peb mus rau qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm HPP ntawm Enguri:

• Dam hom: pob zeb, arched.
• Dam ntev: 728 m.
• Dam qhov siab: 271.5 m.
• Tsis muaj qhov rooj.
• Switchgear: 110/220/500 kV.

Thiab tam sim no cov lus piav qhia luv luv ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob:

• Turbines: radial-axial.
• Number of turbines: 5.
• Ntau lub tshuab hluav taws xob: 5.
• Turbine flow: 5 x 90 m3.
• Generator muaj peev xwm: 5 x 260 MW.

Tam sim no cia peb saib ze ze ntawm qhov khoom loj no.

Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov qauv

Inguri hydroelectric fais fab chaw nres tsheb yog qhov chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob hloov pauv. Nws cov tswv yim hydraulic yog ua raws li kev hloov ntawm Enguri dej mus rau lub phiab ntawm lwm lub roob dej - Eristkali. Tag nrho lub taub hau yog kwv yees li ntawm 410 m. Ntawm no, 226 m poob ntawm lub pas dej nws tus kheej, thiab qhov seem 184 m yog qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov siab.

Inguri HPP yog ntau cov qauv tseem ceeb. Xav txog lawv.

A striking arch dam 271.5m siab. Ua ntej lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub USSR, nws tau suav hais tias yog qhov thib ob loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov Union tom qab lub Nurek hydroelectric fais fab chaw nres tsheb (rockfill hom).

Hnub no, lub pas dej da dej ntawm Enguri yog qhov thib rau thib rau hauv ntiaj teb! Nws yog qhov qis dua rau qhov chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob hauv Suav teb"Jinping-1" (305 m), muaj npe tom qab Tajik Nurek HPP (304 m), Suav Xiaowan HPP (292 m), Suav Silodu HPP (285.5 m) thiab Swiss "Grand Dixens" (285 m).

Lub pas dej Enguri muaj lub koov (221.5 m) thiab 50-meter ntsaws. Lub thickness ntawm tag nrho cov pas dej ua ke ntawm nws (cork) sab saum toj yog 52 m, thiab nyob rau theem crest nws yog 10 m.

Nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm lub pas dej, muaj xya 5-meter (inch) spillways rau idle water flow. Kuj tseem muaj 12 qhov kev ncua ntev nrog qhov tob txog li 9 meters, uas tuaj yeem hla mus txog 2.7 txhiab m 3 ntawm dej ib ob!

Lwm cov qauv tseem ceeb ntawm qhov chaw tsim hluav taws xob hauv dej hauv Georgia thiab cov neeg nyob sib ze Abkhazia:

• Tunnel hom dej tob inlet nrog ob qhov qhib tig ua ib qho. Nws coj dej mus rau hauv qhov dej ntws.
• Qhov tseeb ntawm txoj kev hloov siab, qhov ntev yog 15 km nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 9.6 m. Cov dej siab ntawm qhov nkag yog kwv yees li ntawm 101 m. Ntawm qhov tawm - 165 m.
• Surge tank.
• chaw nres tsheb hauv av hydroelectric.
• 5 turbine underground conduits uas thaiv npauj npaim li qub (lawv txoj kab uas hla yog 5 m txhua).
• Diversion qhov.

HPP peev

Lub peev xwm ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb fais fab ntawm tus dej Inguri yog 1300 MW. Qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo tsim hluav taws xob yog kwv yees li ntawm 4,430 lab kWh.

Nyob hauv lub tsev HPP muaj tsib chav dej uas tsim los ntawm "Turboatom". Lawv ua haujlwm ntawm qhov siab ntawm 325 m (qhov siab tshaj plaws - 410 meters). loj tshaj plawsqhov ntws los ntawm txhua lub turbine yog 90 m 3ib ob. Cov turbines tsav hydro generators, txhua tus tsim muaj peev xwm ntawm 260 MW.

Cov chaw siab ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob tsim Inguri (lossis Dzhavar) reservoir. Nws tag nrho ntim yog 1110 lab m3.

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob hydroelectric

HPP tsis yog tag nrho ntawm kev lag luam ntawm Georgia lossis Abkhazia. Niaj hnub no, nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm ob lub xeev no, nws tsis tuaj yeem siv rau nws lub peev xwm tag nrho. Cov chaw dej hauv dej muaj nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws hauv qab no piv:

• Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Abkhazia muaj ib lub tsev ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb fais fab thiab ib feem ntawm nws qhov.
• Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Georgia - qhov dej nkag, lub pas dej thiab lwm qhov ntawm lub qhov.

Ntxiv mus, tag nrho Enguri hydropower complex, ntxiv rau qhov chaw no, suav nrog plaub qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob (ib qho cascade ntawm 4 lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob - I, II, III, IV). Lawv tau tsim nyob rau ntawm tus dej Eristkali, uas ntws los ntawm Abkhazian av. Yog li ntawd, kev lag luam ntawm Georgia yuav ntsib teeb meem loj yog tias tsoomfwv ntawm lub tebchaws tsis kam koom tes nrog Abkhazia ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob.

Yog li, txij xyoo 1992 txog rau tam sim no, cov xeev nyob sib ze, los ntawm kev pom zoo tsim nyog, tau koom ua ke ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw. Raws li kev pom zoo, 60% ntawm cov hluav taws xob tsim tawm mus rau Georgia, thiab 40% - rau Abkhazia.

Kev tsim kho ntawm cov khoom

Nyob rau thaum ntxov 90sIb tug xov tooj ntawm cov teeb meem kev lag luam tau txheeb xyuas ntawm Enguri HPP, uas tsis tso cai rau nws ua haujlwm ntawm lub peev xwm siab tshaj plaws. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-nineties, 3rd hydraulic chav ua tsis tiav.

Nyob rau qhov no, xyoo 2004, kev tsim kho tau pib dua. Ua los ntawm Voith Siemens Hydro. Cov haujlwm tau txais nyiaj txiag los ntawm cov neeg qiv nyiaj txawv teb chaws. Ib feem tau them los ntawm cov nyiaj pab los ntawm cov tub ua lag luam txawv teb chaws.

Raws li kev tsim kho dua tshiab hauv xyoo 2006, qhov thib peb hydroelectric unit tau pib dua. Ces 2nd thiab 4th raug kho. Xyoo 2012-2013 kev tsim kho ntawm 1st thiab 5th hydraulic units tau ua tiav. Tus nqi ntawm tag nrho cov hauj lwm ua tiav yog 20 lab €. Cov nyiaj tau muab los ntawm European Bank for Reconstruction thiab Development, ib qho kev peev txheej thoob ntiaj teb tsim los txhawb kev lag luam ntawm cov teb chaws xav tau.

Enguri HPP tsis yog tsuas yog qhov chaw tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Lub hwj chim, majesty thiab zoo nkauj ntawm lub hydroelectric fais fab nroj tsuag nyiam tourists ntawm no ib yam nkaus. Qhov chaw nyob ze tshaj plaws rau nws yuav yog lub zos. Potskho Etseri thiab lub nroog Jvari. Raws li rau lub zos, nws muaj ib lub tsev so cozy nrog ib tug breathtaking saib ntawm lub pas dej ua ke los ntawm nws balconies.

Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov no yog qhov chaw Upper Svaneti originates - ib qho ntawm cov roob zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm Georgia. Lub Enguri ntws mus rau HPP ncaj qha los ntawm cov glaciers centuries-laus. Thiab hauv qab Potskho Etseri ciam teb Abkhazian-Georgian twb dhau lawm.

300-meter pob tsuas, tshaj li 1110 lab cubic meters dej - tiag tiagbreathtaking spectacle. Yog li ntawd, tsoomfwv Georgian npaj yuav tsim thaj chaw ua si ntawm no yav tom ntej - los tsim ib lub tsev cia puav pheej, chaw ncig tebchaws thiab txawm tso lub tsheb cable hla lub pas dej.

Inguri HPP yog ib qho ntawm cov qauv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv peb lub ntiaj teb. Nws kuj yog qhov khoom siv tswv yim uas tso cai rau ob lub tebchaws sib ntaus sib tua los koom tes.