"Object 279". "Object 279" - Soviet sim supertank: piav qhia

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Tom qab Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II xaus, kev sib tw caj npab pib. Twb tau nyob rau lub Yim Hli 1945, thawj lub foob pob tawg tau poob. Cov neeg nyob hauv Hiroshima thiab Nagasaki tau hlawv nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob ntuj raug txim, thiab cov superpowers tau pib tsim thiab tsim riam phom atomic thiab tiv thaiv lawv. Dab tsi ua haujlwm tau teeb tsa rau cov neeg tsim qauv thiab cov kws tshawb fawb, peb tsuas tuaj yeem kwv yees, tab sis qee qhov haujlwm tau txais koob meej. Txog qee hom foob pob, khoom siv, kev npaj kho mob tau paub los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm raws li cov ntaub ntawv tsis sib xws.

riam phom tshiab

riam phom Nuclear muaj ntau yam ua rau puas tsuaj, lawv tsis muaj qhov sib piv hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Ntxiv nrog rau qhov tawg ntawm nws tus kheej thiab qhov kub thiab txias loj uas tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab thiab tig hlau mus rau hauv dej, kuj tseem muaj cua daj cua dub uas ua rau lub tsev tawg thiab rhuav tshem txhua yam khoom siv, hluav taws xob hlawv tawm ntawm qhov muag ntawm txhua yam muaj sia, hluav taws xob pulse hlawv tawm. hluav taws xob, thiab hluav taws xob nkag mus ua tiav txhua yam uas tseem muaj sia nyob, txawm tias tom qab ntau xyoo.

Tsis yog cov phab ntsa tuab, lossis cov hlau alloys, lossis ntau meters ntawm lub ntiaj teb tuaj yeem tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov cuam tshuam.

Tank tsis yogtsuas yog lawv tsis ntshai av

Tank yog ib lub tsheb armored nrog caterpillar undercarriage, muaj neeg coob ntawm 5 mus rau 3 tus neeg. Nws overcomes impassability zoo, muaj riam phom los rhuav tshem yeeb ncuab tsheb thiab manpower. Raws li thawj qhov kev ntsuam xyuas pom, nws yog cov cuab yeej siv no (tshwj xeeb yog tias nws yog lub tank hnyav) uas tiv taus qhov cuam tshuam los ntawm nuclear tawg. Lub thickness ntawm cov armor thiab cov huab hwm coj ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tiv taus lub moj tej tawg yoj, ib feem tiv thaiv los ntawm electromagnetic mem tes thiab hluav taws xob. Cov neeg coob tau txais lub neej txaus los ua kom tiav lub hom phiaj sib ntaus sib tua. Nws suab lim hiam, tab sis nyob rau hauv kev ua tsov ua rog txoj hauj lwm yog feem ntau muaj nuj nqis tshaj lub neej ntawm tib neeg.

Number 279. Yam khoom thiab nws keeb kwm

Nyob rau hauv USSR, tus cwj pwm rau kev txhim kho cov cuab yeej ua tub rog tau nthuav dav heev, lub chaw haujlwm tau tshaj tawm cov yam ntxwv tsim nyog, thiab cov neeg tsim qauv tau racked lawv lub hlwb dhau txoj haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv 1956, raws li tib yam scenario, lub USSR Ministry of Defense tau nthuav tawm cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo rau lub tank tshiab. Ncej tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm 50-60 tons thiab armament nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib rab phom 130 hli. Cov hauj lwm tau muab rau tus tsim bureaus ntawm Leningrad Kirov Cog thiab Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawd, hnyav Soviet tso tsheb hlau luam tau sawv cev los ntawm cov kab hauv qab no: IS-2, IS-3, IS-4, T-10. Tsis muaj leej twg ua tau raws li cov cai ntawm lub sijhawm. Tsis muaj dab tsi los tawm tsam NATO tanks. Tsuas yog T-10 (tom qab kev hloov kho ntawm T-10M) tau dhau los ua tus neeg sib tw tsim nyog rau Asmeskas M103 thiab British Conqueror. Ntau qhov haujlwm ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tau paub, xws li "Object 770", "Object 279", "Object 277".

Tsis zoo li lwm tus neeg sib tw hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub tank hnyav, "Object 279" yog ib txoj haujlwm tshiab tag nrho, thiab tsis yog kev rov ua dua tshiab thiab txhim kho cov qub. L. S. Troyanov los ntawm Leningrad Design Bureau coj kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov project 279. Cov khoom tau tsim los rau kev ua haujlwm sib ntaus sib tua hauv cov av nyuaj thiab siv riam phom nuclear.

Technical yam ntxwv ntawm "Object 279"

Lub tank "Object 279" muaj cov qauv txheej txheem nrog 11.5 cu. m nyob rau hauv armor thiab ib pab neeg ntawm 4 tus neeg. Cov armor rau nws lub sijhawm yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab tsis nkag mus txawm tias nyob ze. Frontal armor yog 192 hli, inclined los ntawm 60 degrees thiab tig lub kaum sab xis ntawm 45 degrees, yog li ntawd lub thickness ntawm armor txo mus txog ib nrab ib 'meter'. Lub hull muaj plaub qhov loj, tus pej thuam yog ib qho, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm hemisphere, flattened, muaj ib tug uniform armor siv, txo thickness mus txog 800 mm. Qhov no yog ib theem ntawm kev tiv thaiv yam tsis muaj booking ua ke.

130-mm M-65 phom phom thiab KPVT ua ke nrog nws tau ua haujlwm. Lub M-65 muaj ib tug slotted muzzle nres, ib tug ejector, thiab compressed cua purging lub chim. Lub armor-piercing tracer projectile tawm xws li rab phom ntawm qhov ceev ntawm 1000 m / s, muzzle zog yog 1.5 npaug siab dua li niaj hnub 120-125-mm rab phom smoothbore, nws yog ib tug Soviet sim supertank. "Object 279" kuj muaj ib lub tshuab ua haujlwm semi-automatic, uas coj tus nqi hluav taws xob mus rau 5-7 txhaj tshuaj ib feeb. Hmoov tsis zoo, muaj chav me me rau cov mos txwv: tsuas yog 24 lub plhaub thiab 300rab phom phom ammo.

Cov kev taw qhia hluav taws thiab kev tswj hwm, nrog rau hmo ntuj thiab cov pa pom, yog qhov siab tshaj plaws, ntawm cov tsheb sib tw xws li tshwm sim thaum kawg ntawm 60s.

Lub tank hnyav ntawm txoj kev loj tau tsim kom ceev txog li 50-55 km / h, thiab kev caij nkoj yog 250-300 km. Lub chassis yog unparalleled. Hloov chaw ntawm ob txoj kab, lub tank no muaj plaub, cov chais tau muab faib ua ib txoj hauv kev uas tsis muaj kev tshem tawm hauv av, qhov hnyav ntawm thaj tsam ntawm cov kabmob me me uas tsis muaj peev xwm tsaws hauv av.

Ntxiv rau cov cuab yeej cuab tam, riam phom thiab lub cav, lub tank muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws tiv thaiv hluav taws xob, tshuaj lom neeg thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Tseem muaj cov hluav taws tua hluav taws thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws kub.

Testing "Object 279"

Xyoo 1959, lub tank tau sim hauv qab tus lej 279. Cov khoom tsis ua haujlwm zoo. Tau txheeb xyuas qhov tsis txaus ntawm lub chassis. Lub tsheb tig tawm mus rau clumsy, qhov ceev poob sharply rau cov av nplaum. Kev kho thiab tu cov cuab yeej zoo li no nyuaj heev. Nws tau pom tseeb tias "Object 279" yuav tsis mus rau hauv koob, nws yog qhov kim tshaj plaws thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws. Nws qhov chaw yuav tsum tau coj los ntawm "Object 277" lossis "Object 770".

Qhov kawg ntawm kev txhim kho cov tank hnyav tau muab tso rau los ntawm N. S. Khrushchev, thaum, tom qab ua yeeb yam ntawm cov khoom siv tub rog hauv xyoo 1960, nws txwv tsis pub siv cov tso tsheb hlau luam hnyav dua 37 tons. ntawm T-80U, qhov kev sim supertank "Object 279" yog lub zog tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Tam sim no tsuas muaj txoj sia nyobib daim ntawv luam yog nyob rau hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej BTVT hauv Kubinka.

Tsov rog zoo

Tom qab kawg ntawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, kev tawm tsam ntawm kev ua tsov rog thiab, feem ntau, lub tswv yim ntawm kev ua tsov rog tau hloov pauv ntau. Nws tau pom tseeb tias nrog kev txhim kho niaj hnub ntawm kev tiv thaiv, nws muaj peev xwm ua txhaum los ntawm kev tiv thaiv zoo nkaus xwb nrog cov ntshav ntau. Keeb kwm ntawm Soviet tso tsheb hlau luam thiab riam phom kom meej meej qhia qhov no. Lub Soviet Union muaj ob peb sapper tub rog, uas nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm muab ib daim av rau hauv ib tug impenetrable thaj chaw. Leningrad yog ib qho piv txwv tseem ceeb. Los ntawm keeb kwm, tsuas yog Brusilovsky breakthrough stands rau nws cov hauj lwm zoo thiab kuj me me poob. Cov tub rog Soviet hauv Finland ua rau txhua tus xav tsis thoob, nyob rau hauv cov huab cua nyuaj, thaum cov snowdrifts nyob saum taub hau, muaj dej ntws hauv qab daus, thiab cov Frost yog li cov zaub mov tig mus rau pob zeb, lawv tseem thawb los ntawm kev tiv thaiv. Tom qab cov xwm txheej no, kev tso tawm cov pob zeb tho pob zeb tshwj xeeb tau pib ua kom tawg los ntawm cov qauv kev tiv thaiv.

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm riam phom nuclear tau hloov pauv cov tswv yim. Kev xav tau pib tshwm sim tias nws tsis tas yuav tsum tau tawg los ntawm kev tiv thaiv nrog cov cuab yeej lossis cov neeg ua haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm qhov loj tshaj concentration ntawm kev tiv thaiv qauv, ib tug nqi hluav taws xob tawg, cov tub rog nyob rau hauv tshuaj tiv thaiv cov khoom maj maj mus rau hauv lub resulting breakthrough. Lub supertank "Object 279" yog heev haum rau tej lub hom phiaj. Lub logic yog qhov tseeb, tab sis lub sijhawm ntawd lub teb chaws tsis muaj kev paub txaus los cuam tshuam nrog nuclear zog.

Nuclear kuaj

Kev sim Nuclear pib nrog Asmeskas kev foob pob ntawm Hiroshima thiab Nagasaki. Tebchaws Asmeskas tau pom nws lub zog thiab cuam tshuamhu. Lub Soviet Union tsis tuaj yeem tab sis hnov qab. Tom qab ua tsov rog, ntau lub koom haum tau tsim los daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev tsim lub foob pob nuclear. I. V. Kurchatov yog lub ntsiab ntawm qhov teeb meem no. Nws ua tsaug rau nws tias USSR tau txais nws cov ntaub thaiv npog nuclear thiab tsim cov txheej txheem rau kev siv lub zog atomic. Amelikas tau tso tseg los ua tus thawj coj hauv qhov teeb meem no, thiab kev ua tsov rog thib peb hauv ntiaj teb tsuas yog txias xwb.

Totsky polygon

Tej zaum qhov kev sim riam phom nuclear phem tshaj plaws hauv USSR tau ua nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw sim Totsk thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 14, 1954. Thaum xyoo 1950, Tebchaws Meskas tau sim nws cov riam phom nuclear thaum ua tub rog, thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lub union txiav txim siab ua raws li kev cai. Tej zaum txawm tias tom qab ntawd muaj ib lub tswv yim hais txog Soviet kev sim supertank. "Object 279" tsuas yog ib qho ntawm peb paub.

Thaum pib, cov kev tawm dag zog yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv Kapustin Yar kev cob qhia, tab sis Totsky tau siab dua ntawm kev ruaj ntseg. Cov kev tawm dag zog tau hu ua "Snowball", thiab lawv tau ua los ntawm Marshal Georgy Zhukov. Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, kev npaj loj rau lawv tau pib, suav nrog kev khiav tawm ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv cov zos ze.

Cov neeg soj ntsuam los ntawm ntau lub tebchaws tuaj txog ntawm qhov kev tawm dag zog, thiab cov tub rog ntawm kev ua tsov rog los ntawm Union: Rokossovsky, Malinovsky, Konev, Bagramyan, Vasilevsky, Timoshenko, Budyonny, Voroshilov. Tseem muaj Minister of Defense Bulganin thiab, ntawm chav kawm, thawj tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm Central Committee ntawm CPSU Nikita Khrushchev.

Ib lub nroog tag nrho tau tsim los ntawm qhov chaw sim, cov tsiaj nyob tau raug tso rau ntawm cov ntsiab lus sib txawv txhawm rau kawm los ntawm lawv tom qab txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tawg nuclear. Cov nplaig phem hais tias kuj muaj cov neeg raug txim raug txim tuag. Nyob ib ncig ntawmLub nroog uas nyob ua ke tau muaj kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv, thiab cov tub rog tau tos nyob rau hauv cov tis hla lawv ciam teb.

Cov neeg tsav nkoj uas tso lub foob pob tau txais khoom plig thiab qib ntxov. Thiab dab tsi tos cov tub rog? Tom qab tawg, cov tub rog tau maj nrawm mus rau thaj chaw cuam tshuam. Lub sijhawm ntawd, qhov kev poob siab yog suav tias yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev puas tsuaj, thiab tib neeg tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv hluav taws xob.

Muaj txhua yam khoom siv hauv av ntawm qhov chaw cob qhia: tsheb thauj khoom, phom loj, tsheb thauj neeg thiab, tau kawg, Soviet tso tsheb hlau luam. Tsis tas li ntawd, 45 txhiab tus tub rog tau koom nrog. Lawv feem ntau tuag hauv 10-15 xyoo tom ntej. Qhov kev tawm dag zog tau sau tias "sab saum toj zais cia". Los ntawm 2004, 378 tus neeg tau dim los ntawm cov neeg koom hauv cheeb tsam Orenburg.

Thaum ua kev tawm dag zog, cua hloov nws txoj kev coj thiab nqa huab mus rau hauv nroog. Cov neeg nyob hauv xya cheeb tsam ntawm cheeb tsam Orenburg tau raug hluav taws xob sib txawv. Dab tsi cov lus xaus tau kos los ntawm qhov no hauv Soviet Union, ib tus tsuas tuaj yeem kwv yees, tab sis qhov kev sim tsis tau tso tseg, thiab ib xyoos thiab ib nrab tom qab, tau txais ib qho kev txiav txim rau lub tank tshiab - "Object 279".

Unrealized projects

Hmoov tsis zoo, lub tank hnyav "Tswj 279" tseem tsuas yog qhov project thiab lub tsev khaws khoom pov thawj. Feem ntau, muaj ntau yam haujlwm zoo li no. Qhov kev ua si nto moo World of Tanks ua rau ntau tus paub zoo. Piv txwv li, German Maus, lub tank hnyav tshaj plaws ntawm Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II. Ob daim ntawv luam tau raug tsim, tsis muaj leej twg koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, thiab tsuas yog ib qho ntawm lawv tuaj yeem txav mus los. Tam sim no nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab tsev cia puav pheej muaj Maus, sib sau los ntawm cov khoom siv tau ntawm ob lub tso tsheb hlau luam.

Cov haujlwm zoo li no yog qhov zoo kawg nkaus, lawv xav tau heev, ua txhaum lub hauv paus lees paub, tab sis txawm tias tus nqi siab lossis qhov tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm lub tshuab ua rau lawv mus rau hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv ua lawv txoj haujlwm, raws li lawv lub hauv paus lawv tsim cov kev xaiv tshiab thiab ua tiav ntau dua.

zaj lus rau tom qab apocalypse

Nyob rau hauv cov ntawv zoo tshaj plaws thiab twb muaj thoob ntiaj teb cov ntawv "Metro 2033" muaj ntau yam khoom siv tub rog: "Tigers", "hma", T-95 tank, BTR-82 thiab txawm tias lub tank txhawb nqa tsheb "Terminator". Supertank "Object-279" optimally fits rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm lub ntiaj teb post-apocalyptic, nws muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb maneuverability thiab hluav taws xob tiv thaiv systems. Nws tsuas yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm lub sijhawm uas tus kws sau ntawv yuav suav nrog qhov zest hauv nws zaj dab neeg, thiab tsuas muaj ib qho "Object 279".

Cov tsheb sib tw niaj hnub yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv los ntawm hluav taws xob thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Yog tias tsis muaj cov ntxaij lim dej, ces yam tsawg kawg ntawm lub cabin raug kaw. Kev tiv thaiv tag nrho yuav nce tus nqi ntawm cov cuab yeej siv ob peb zaug. Txhua leej txhua tus nkag siab tias lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg, tshuaj antirad, OZK, lub thickness ntawm lub armor thiab sealing ntawm lub tsev nyob rau hauv lub tiag tiag kev sib ntaus sib tua tej yam kev mob yuav tsuas ncua lub neej ntawm cov neeg coob, tab sis yuav tsis nkaum los ntawm lub txim. Tab sis thaum Russia nyob tom qab thiab tsis muaj qhov twg yuav thim rov qab, qhov no txaus.