Teem sijhawm ntawm kev kho pob zeb: nta, hom, thev naus laus zis thiab cov ntsuas tseem ceeb

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov zoo ntawm pob zeb yog lub zog. Yog tias koj paub koj tus kheej nrog cov kev cai ntawm lub xeev cov qauv, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv hais tias lub zog tuaj yeem txawv ntawm M50 txog 800. Txawm li cas los xij, ib qho ntawm cov neeg nyiam tshaj plaws yog cov qib pob zeb ntawm M100 txog 500.

khoov nkhaus

Cov kuab ua kua rau ib lub sijhawm tom qab nchuav yuav tau txais cov khoom ua tau zoo. Lub sijhawm no yog hu ua lub sijhawm tuav, tom qab ntawd cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv tuaj yeem siv tau. Lub pob zeb muaj zog nkhaus qhia txog lub sijhawm uas cov khoom yuav ncav cuag nws lub zog siab tshaj plaws. Yog tias cov xwm txheej ib txwm txuas ntxiv, nws yuav siv sijhawm 28 hnub.

Thawj tsib hnub yog lub sijhawm uas yuav muaj qhov hnyav hnyav. Tab sis tom qab 7 hnub tom qab ua tiav cov haujlwm, cov khoom yuav ncav cuag 70% lub zog. Nws raug nquahu kom pib ua haujlwm ntxiv kev tsim kho tom qab ncav cuag ib puas feem pua lub zog, uas yuav tshwm sim tom qab28 noj. Lub sij hawm ntawm kev kho cov pob zeb thaum lub sij hawm yuav txawv rau ib tus neeg mob. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab lub sijhawm, kev tswj xyuas tau ua tiav ntawm cov qauv.

Lwm yam koj yuav tsum paub

Yog tias ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev monolithic yog ua los ntawm huab cua sov, tom qab ntawd txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua kom sib tov thiab tau txais lub cev thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab, nws yuav tsum tau ua kom cov qauv hauv formwork thiab tawm hauv nws. kom siav tom qab dismantling lub laj kab. Lub sijhawm rau kev kho cov pob zeb hauv cov huab cua txias yuav txawv. Txhawm rau kom ua tiav cov khoom lag luam muaj zog, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los muab cov pob zeb ua kom sov thiab dej tsis zoo. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias qhov kub qis qis qis dua polymerization.

Txhawm rau kom qhov kho kom sai li sai tau, thiab qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov pob zeb hauv lub sijhawm kom txo qis, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov xuab zeb rau cov khoom xyaw, uas qhov feem pua ntawm cov dej tsawg tsawg. Yog tias cov cement thiab dej ntxiv rau hauv ib feem ntawm plaub mus rau ib qho, ces lub sij hawm yuav raug muab halved. Yuav kom tau txais cov txiaj ntsig zoo li no, cov khoom xyaw yuav tsum tau ntxiv nrog cov yas yas. Qhov sib tov tuaj yeem loj hlob sai dua yog tias qhov kub thiab txias tau nce ntxiv.

Kev tswj lub zog

Txhawm rau txhawm rau saib xyuas lub sijhawm ntawm kev kho cov pob zeb, qee lub sijhawm - mus txog ib lub lis piam - nws yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev ntsuas txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau kho cov tshuaj khib nyiab. Nws yuav tsum tau cua sovmoisturize thiab npog nrog cov ntaub ntawv ya raws thiab cua sov.

rab phom kub feem ntau siv rau qhov no. Cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau qhov chaw moistening. 7 hnub tom qab ua tiav ntawm kev nchuav rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, yog tias qhov ntsuas kub ib puag ncig txawv ntawm 25 txog 30 ° C, cov qauv tuaj yeem thauj khoom.

Kev faib cov pob zeb

Yog tias cov cement thiab cov tsoos sib xyaw ua ke tau siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib xyaw mortar, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm kom tau txais cov khoom hnyav, ces cov khoom sib xyaw no yog qib M50-M800. Yog tias koj muaj cov pob zeb ntawm M50-M450 qib nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm koj, ces cov porous aggregates tau siv rau nws qhov kev npaj, uas ua rau nws ua tau kom tau txais lub teeb compositions. Qhob muaj qib nyob rau hauv M50-M150 yog hais tias nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub teeb los yog lub teeb, raws li zoo raws li cellular.

Cov qauv tsim ntawm pob zeb yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab ntawm theem ntawm kev kos cov ntaub ntawv rau kev tsim kho qhov chaw. Cov yam ntxwv no yog muab los ntawm kev ua haujlwm rau axial compression hauv cov qauv ntsuas. Hauv kev tsim kho, axial nro yog qhov tseem ceeb, thaum lub hom cement yog txiav txim los ntawm nws.

pob zeb txoj kev txhim kho lub zog (kev txhim kho tensile nkhaus) yuav siv sij hawm ntev dua thaum qib compressive zog nce. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm high-lub zog cov ntaub ntawv, qhov nce nyob rau hauv tensile zog slows down. Nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab thaj chaw ntawm kev siv cov khoom sib xyaw, cov chav kawm muaj zog thiab cov khoom raug txiav txim siab.

Cov khoom siv ruaj khov tshaj plaws yog cov hauv qab nostamps:

• M50.
• M75.
• M100.

Lawv siv rau hauv kev tsim kho cov qauv tseem ceeb. Thaum cov qauv tsim thiab cov tsev tsim tsa uas xav tau lub zog zoo, cov pob zeb qib M300 yog siv. Tab sis thaum npaj cov screed, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm M200 hom. Qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws yog cov cement, hom pib nrog M500.

Tshuaj ntsuab kho mob

Yog tias koj yuav siv cov tshuaj khib hauv kev tsim kho, ces koj yuav tsum paub cov duab ntawm qhov kev cia siab ntawm kev kho cov pob zeb ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Raws li tau hais los saum no, kev teeb tsa tshwm sim thawj ob peb hnub tom qab sib tov cov tshuaj. Tab sis ua kom tiav thawj theem, nws yuav siv sij hawm, uas cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm ib puag ncig sab nraud.

Piv txwv li, thaum lub ntsuas kub khaws cia ntawm 20 ° C thiab siab dua, nws yuav siv sij hawm ib teev los teeb. Cov txheej txheem pib 2 teev tom qab sib tov npaj thiab xaus tom qab 3 teev. Lub sijhawm thiab ua tiav ntawm theem yuav hloov pauv thaum nws txias dua, nws yuav siv sijhawm ntau tshaj ib hnub los teeb tsa. Thaum tus pas ntsuas kub khaws cia ntawm xoom, cov txheej txheem pib 6-10 teev tom qab kev npaj cov tshuaj, thiab nws kav ntev txog 20 teev tom qab nchuav.

Nws tseem ceeb heev kom paub txog kev txo cov viscosity. Hauv thawj theem, qhov kev daws teeb meem tseem yog mobile. Thaum lub sij hawm no, txhua yam kev txiav txim yuav raug exerted rau nws, muab cov qauv tsim cov duab. Kev teeb tsa theem tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv siv lub tshuab thixotropy,exerting ib tug neeg kho tshuab nyhuv ntawm qhov sib tov. Sib tov cov tshuaj khib hauv lub pob zeb sib tov ua kom qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm thawj theem.

feem pua ntawm cov pob zeb muaj zog los ntawm qib nyob ntawm qhov kub thiab lub sijhawm

pib cov neeg tsim khoom feem ntau nyiam cov duab ntawm kev kho cov pob zeb ntawm 25 ° C. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, txhua yam yuav nyob ntawm seb hom pob zeb thiab lub sij hawm hardening. Yog tias koj siv Portland cement nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm M 400 txog 500 thaum sib tov, koj yuav tau txais pob zeb M200-300. Hauv ib hnub ntawm qhov ntsuas kub, nws feem pua ntawm lub zog compressive los ntawm lub hom yuav yog 23. Hauv ob, peb hnub, daim duab no yuav nce mus rau 40 thiab 50%, feem.

Tom qab 5, 7 thiab 14 hnub, feem pua ntawm cov khoom lag luam yuav yog 65, 75 thiab 90%, feem. Qhov nkhaus ntawm curing ntawm pob zeb ntawm 30 ° C hloov me ntsis. Hauv ib hnub thiab ob, lub zog yuav yog 35 thiab 55% ntawm cov khoom lag luam, raws li. Tom qab peb, tsib thiab xya hnub, lub zog yuav sib npaug li 65, 80 thiab 90%, feem. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias tus qauv kev nyab xeeb lub sij hawm yog 50%, thaum ua hauj lwm tsuas yog pib thaum lub pob zeb muaj zog tau mus txog 72% ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis.

Lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm pob zeb nyob ntawm qib: kev saib xyuas

Tam sim ntawd tom qab nchuav, cov tshuaj yuav tau txais lub zog vim qhov tso cua sov, tab sis tom qab dej khov, cov txheej txheem yuav nres. Yog tias txoj haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau lub caij ntuj no lossis lub caij nplooj zeeg, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov tshuaj. Tom qab installationAlumina cement generates 7 npaug ntawm tshav kub dua li Portland cement. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias cov sib tov npaj los ntawm nws lub hauv paus yuav muaj zog txawm tias qhov kub thiab txias.

Lub hom phiaj tseem cuam tshuam qhov nrawm ntawm cov txheej txheem. Qhov qis dua, qhov siab dua lub zog tseem ceeb yuav yog. Daim duab ntawm kev txhim kho lub zog ntawm cov pob zeb, ib qho kev nthuav dav uas tau nthuav tawm hauv kab lus, qhia tias lub zog tseem ceeb rau cov qib pob zeb ntawm M15 txog 150 yog 50%. Rau cov qauv prestressed ua los ntawm cov qib pob zeb ntawm M200 txog 300, tus nqi no yog 40% ntawm cov khoom muaj npe. Qhob qib ntawm M400 txog 500 muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 30%.

Hardening concrete in foundations

Schedule of curing concrete (SNiP 52-01-2003) tsis txwv rau ib hlis. Nws yuav siv sij hawm ntau xyoo los ua kom tiav cov txheej txheem kho. Tab sis koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab hom pob zeb tom qab 4 lub lis piam. Lub zog ntawm cov qauv yuav nce ntawm qhov sib txawv ceev. Cov txheej txheem no yog khaus tshaj plaws hauv thawj lub lim tiam. Tom qab 3 lub hlis, lub zog yuav nce 20%, tom qab ntawd cov txheej txheem qeeb, tab sis tsis nres. Qhov taw qhia tuaj yeem ua ob zaug hauv peb xyoos, cov txheej txheem no yuav cuam tshuam los ntawm:

• sijhawm;
• humidity;
• temperature;
• qib pob zeb.

Ntau zaus, cov neeg tsim kho tshiab xav paub qhov twg GOST lub sijhawm kho lub zog tuaj yeem pom. Yog tias koj saib GOST 18105-2010, koj tuaj yeem kawm paub ntxiv txog qhov no. Cov ntaub ntawv no hais tias qhov kub thiab txias cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau lub sijhawm ntawm cov txheej txheem. Piv txwv li, ntawm 40 ° C, cov khoom lag luam muaj nqis mus txog hauv ib lub lis piam. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis pom zoo kom ua haujlwm rau lub caij ntuj no. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog ib qho teeb meem rau cua sov pob zeb ntawm koj tus kheej, rau qhov no koj yuav tsum tau siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab thawj zaug paub koj tus kheej nrog kev siv tshuab. Tab sis cua sov qhov sib tov los ntawm ntau tshaj 90 ° C yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg.

Zaj lus

Txoj kev paub koj tus kheej nrog lub sijhawm kho, koj yuav nkag siab tias kev tshem tawm yog nqa tawm thaum lub zog ntawm cov qauv tshaj 50% ntawm cov khoom lag luam. Tab sis yog tias qhov kub thiab txias ambient poob qis dua 10 ° C, ces tus nqi ntawm cov khoom lag luam yuav tsis ncav cuag txawm tias tom qab 2 lub lis piam. Cov huab cua zoo li no qhia tias yuav tsum tau ua kom sov cov tshuaj tov.