High-explosive projectile. High-explosive fragmentation projectile. phom loj

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Thaum nyob deb 1330 Berthold Schwarz, ib tug yawg German, nrhiav pom cov khoom pov tseg ntawm rab phom, nws tsis xav tias nws yuav dhau los ua tus qub vaj tswv tshiab - tus vajtswv ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog.

yug ntawm artillery

Tus txiv plig qhov kev tshawb pom tau siv sai heev hauv kev ua tub rog, thiab tsis ntev ob qho kev taw qhia hauv kev tsim riam phom tau tshwm sim, qhov chaw pov tseg ntawm rab phom tau siv. Thawj ntawm cov no yog kev tsim lub teeb tuav tes me me, qhov thib ob yog kev tsim cov cannons. Cov tsos ntawm cov phom tsis tau ua rau kev tsim cov tub rog tshiab. Lawv tsuas siv tau cov khoom uas twb muaj lawm, hloov cov hneev nti thiab lub teeb pov hmuv - darts hauv infantry thiab cavalry. Tab sis cov tsos ntawm cannons tsim tshiab pab tub rog, uas nyob rau hauv Russia hu ua "phom", thiab cov Italian riam phom theorist Niccolo Tartaglia tau thov kom hu rau artillery, uas txhais tau tias "kos duab ntawm shooting." Qee cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias cov tub rog zoo li no tau tshwm sim ntau dua li qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm German tus mlom, nrog rau kev tsim thawj lub tshuab pov tseg - ballista. Ua li ntawd, cov phom loj tau los ua tus vajtswv ntawm kev ua tsov rog ncaj ncees nrog kev tsim phom.

Vajtswv Txoj Kev Ua Rog

SNyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev ua tub rog tsis nyob twj ywm, thiab cov phom phom tsis tsuas yog txhim kho, tab sis cov hom tshiab ntawm lawv tau tshwm sim: howitzers, mortars, ntau lub foob pob hluav taws, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, artillery yeej dominates battlefields. Thiab nrog rau kev tsim cov phom, cov mos txwv phom loj rau lawv kuj tsim.

Projectile types

Thawj lub foob pob hluav taws uas raug rho tawm ntawm tus yeeb ncuab tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li lub pob zeb zoo tib yam thauj mus rau hauv lub ballista. Nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cannons, pob zeb tshwj xeeb thiab tom qab ntawd hlau cannonballs pib siv. Lawv ua rau cov yeeb ncuab puas tsuaj vim lub zog kinetic tau txais thaum txhaj tshuaj. Tab sis thaum ntxov li kaum ob xyoo pua AD, Tuam Tshoj tau siv lub foob pob hluav taws tawg rau ntawm tus yeeb ncuab los ntawm kev siv lub catapult. Yog li ntawd, lub tswv yim los tsim hollow cores nrog explosives nyob rau hauv tsis ntev los no. Qhov no yog li cas lub foob pob hluav taws kub tawg tau tshwm sim. Nws ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau cov yeeb ncuab vim lub zog ntawm qhov tawg thiab tawg tawg tawg. Tom qab qhov tsos ntawm cov hom phiaj armored, tshwj xeeb armor-piercing, sub-caliber thiab cumulative mos txwv tau tsim los tawm tsam lawv. Lawv txoj haujlwm tau tawg los ntawm cov armor thiab lov tes taw cov txheej txheem thiab manepower uas nyob hauv qhov chaw tshwj tseg. Tseem muaj cov plhaub rau lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb: teeb pom kev zoo, incendiary, tshuaj lom neeg, propaganda thiab lwm yam. Tsis ntev los no, cov foob pob hluav taws coj tau tau txais kev muaj koob meej, uas lawv tus kheej kho lawv lub davhlau rau kev swb ntau dua.cov hom phiaj.

High explosive shells

Ib thaj av mine yog qhov foob pob tawg uas ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov yeeb ncuab los ntawm kev poob siab, kub siab thiab cov khoom tawg (qee qhov tawg, piv txwv li, tsim cov pa phem thaum hlawv). Lub high-explosive projectile nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab yog xyaum tsis siv. Cov khoom tawg tau muab tso rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv hlau uas muaj peev xwm tiv taus siab hauv qhov bore. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub foob pob tawg, lub plhaub tsim muaj ntau qhov tawg. Cov mos txwv li no hu ua high-explosive fragmentation projectile (OFS). Feem coob ntawm cov mos txwv phom loj tsuas yog OFS xwb.

Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws.

Txij li nws nyuaj los lav qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov tawg tawg tawg thaum tawg OFS ib txwm ua, tsim cov foob pob tawg tawg siab nrog cov foob pob hluav taws npaj tau tsim. Hom mos txwv no hu ua "shrapnel" (hauv kev hwm ntawm tus neeg tsim khoom, tus tub ceev xwm Askiv Henry Shrapnel). Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thaum detonated ntawm qhov siab ntawm ob peb meters los ntawm hauv av. Hauv cov mos txwv niaj hnub no, cov ntsiab lus tawm tsam yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm feathered pyramids, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm mus ntaus txawm lub hom phiaj me me armored.

Teeb tawm tsam armor

Nyob rau hauv lub lig 40s ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum nyob rau hauv lub UK, ib tug high-explosive projectile yog tsim los rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab armored tsheb. Nws muaj cov ntaub ntawv nyias nyias uas muaj cov foob pob tawg thiab lub detonator nrog tus neeg nruab nrab. Thaum sib cuag nrog cov cuab yeej cuab tam, lub plhaub nyias nyias raug rhuav tshem,thiab cov foob pob tawg tau nplawm dhau ntawm cov cuab yeej, ntes thaj tsam loj li sai tau. Tom qab ntawd, lub detonator tau tshwm sim thiab cov khoom tawg tau tawg. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov neeg coob thiab cov txheej txheem hauv qhov chaw khaws tseg tau raug puas tsuaj los ntawm cov khoom tawg hauv sab hauv thiab cov txheej txheem sab sauv ntawm cov cuab yeej raug hlawv. Hom no hu ua armor-piercing high-explosive projectile. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog lub advent ntawm dynamic tiv thaiv thiab spaced armor, nws yog suav tias yog tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Tam sim no, cov plhaub zoo li no tsuas yog siv hauv lawv lub tebchaws - hauv UK.

High-explosive plhaub fuses

Thawj lub fuse rau cov mos txwv tawg tawg tawg yog ib qho fuse zoo tib yam, uas tau teeb tsa thaum lub foob pob hluav taws raug rho tawm haujlwm thiab pib qhov tawg ntawm cov khoom tawg tom qab ib lub sijhawm. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov phom phom thiab cov plhaub conical, uas tau lees tias lub rooj sib tham nrog kev cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub hull, percussion fuses tshwm sim. Lawv qhov zoo dua yog tias qhov tawg ntawm cov khoom tawg tau tshwm sim tam sim tom qab kev sib cuag nrog lub thaiv. Txhawm rau rhuav tshem cov fortifications, cuam tshuam fuses tau nruab nrog tus neeg nruab nrab. Qhov no tso cai rau cov mos txwv thawj zaug nkag mus rau qhov teeb meem, yog li ua kom nws cov txiaj ntsig tau zoo. Tau nruab ib lub av kuv nrog xws li lub fuse nrog lub cev loj dua nrog cov phab ntsa tuab (uas tau tso cai, vim yog lub zog kinetic, nkag mus tob rau hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm cov ntsiab lus tua hluav taws ntev), peb tau txais cov pob zeb tho pob zeb.

Los ntawm txoj kev, thaum pib ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj, KV-2 tso tsheb hlau luam nrog kev pab ntawm 152 hli pob zeb tho pob zeb ua tiav tawm tsam. German armored tsheb. Thaum lub plhaub tsoo lub tank nruab nrab lossis lub teeb German, vim nws qhov hnyav, nws thawj zaug rhuav tshem lub tsheb, rhuav tshem lub turret, thiab tom qab ntawd tawg. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm percussion fuses yog thaum lawv tsoo cov av nplaum (piv txwv li, swamp), lawv tsis ua haujlwm. Qhov teeb meem no tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov chaw taws teeb fuse, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm detonate cov mos txwv ntawm ib qho deb ntawm qhov txiav ntawm rab phom phom. Tam sim no, hom detonator no yog siv hauv yuav luag txhua OFS. Nws tso cai rau, piv txwv li, tua hluav taws los ntawm phom tank ntawm lub hom phiaj cua (helicopters).

Sib ntaus sib tua siv cov foob pob tawg siab

High-explosive shells yog hom tseem ceeb ntawm mos txwv siv los ntawm niaj hnub artillery systems. Lawv raug siv los rhuav tshem cov fortifications, kev puas tsuaj thiab rhuav tshem ntau yam yeeb ncuab cov cuab yeej ua tub rog, nws cov riam phom, thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm. Nrog lawv cov kev pab, cov kab lus tau ua nyob rau hauv minefields thiab engineering tiv thaiv cov qauv. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm kawg ntawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog, Soviet self-propelled artillery mounts ISU-152, siv ib tug 152-mm high-explosive fragmentation projectile, ua tiav cov German pillboxes ntawm Seelow Heights, uas ua kom muaj kev tawg ntawm 1st. thiab 2nd Guards Tank Cov Tub Rog ntawm Katukov thiab Bogdanov qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Berlin. Txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv cov riam phom uas tsis muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm peb lub sijhawm (RZSO "Smerch"), lub hauv paus ntawm cov mos txwv thauj khoom yog 9M55F high-explosive fragmentation projectiles, uas yog sib npaug nrog riam phom ntawm kev puas tsuaj loj thaum tua hluav taws.