2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28
Tshuaj lom neeg muaj kev phom sij yog cov chaw (txawm yog lub chaw soj nstuam, tsev kawm lossis chaw lag luam) uas khaws cia, txheej txheem, siv lossis thauj cov tshuaj lom neeg uas tsim kev puas tsuaj rau cov neeg nyob ze. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom thauj mus rau cov chaw muaj kev phom sij ntau tshaj qhov pib tus nqi, thiab thaum lawv raug puas tsuaj, tib neeg, tsiaj txhu thiab ib puag ncig tag nrho tuaj yeem kis tau. Cov chaw tsim tshuaj lom neeg muaj kev phom sij yog cov chaw lag luam ntawm cov tshuaj, roj refining, nqaij thiab mis nyuj, zaub mov kev lag luam, hauv paus thiab cov nroj tsuag txias cia nrog cov tub yees nyob rau ntawm lawv siv ammonia. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov chaw tsim tshuaj lom neeg muaj kev phom sij yog cov dej kho mob thiab cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov ntawv lag luam uas siv cov tshuaj chlorine hauv lawv txoj haujlwm, nrog rau cov chaw nres nkoj thiab cov chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau uas muaj lem nrog dov Tshuag nrog cov tshuaj lom neeg txaus ntshai. Tsis tas li ntawd, hom khoom no suav nrog kev thauj mus los tiag tiag - txawm tias nws yog lub tsheb kauj vab lossis lub dav hlau uas thauj cov khoom muaj tshuaj lom. Cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg muaj kev phom sijthiab cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm ib hom kev tshawb fawb, kev kho mob lossis kev kawm uas muaj lawv lub chaw kuaj tshuaj. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem ntxiv warehouses, bases thiab lwm qhov chaw khaws cov tshuaj tua kab, thiab cov chaw pov tseg uas muaj tshuaj lom neeg thiab lwm yam khoom pov tseg "so". Cov kua qaub (nitric thiab sulfuric), hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, carbon disulfide, chlorine thiab lwm yam tshuaj feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv cov chaw muaj kev phom sij.
Kev faib cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li cov txheej txheem sib txawv:
- toxicity;
- ntau;
- kev siv thev naus laus zis rau cov khoom siv phom sij thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev;
- cov paib tsim khoom (tsim lossis siv cov tshuaj lom neeg txaus ntshai).
Cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg kuj tau muab faib ua 4 chav kawm.
| Chav Kawm | Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg nkag mus rau thaj chaw muaj kab mob sib kis thaum muaj tshuaj lom neeg (ntau txhiab tus neeg) | Radius ntawm thaj chaw tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb nyob ib puag ncig cov khoom (hauv metres) | % ntawm cov pej xeem uas kis tus kab mob hauv thaj chaw uas xav tias muaj tshuaj lom neeg |
| 1st | ntau dua 75 | 1000 | tshaj 50 |
| 2nd | 75-40 | 500 | 50-30 |
| 3rd | hauv 40 | 300 | 30-10 |
| 4th | 0 | 100 | under 10 |
yam ntxwvCov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg muaj kev phom sij muab los ntawm tsis txhais tau tias rov ua kom cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lawv txoj kev nyab xeeb. Txhua yam tshuaj lom neeg muaj kev phom sij tuaj yeem yooj yim "suav" ib puag ncig, yog li ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj ntawm cov pejxeem. Thiab nws hloov tawm hais tias lawv yog li ua phem rau lub ntiaj teb nyob ib ncig ntawm lawv vim lub physicochemical thiab tshuaj lom zog ntawm cov tshuaj. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab kev txiav txim siab ntawm no yog ignition, flash, boiling thiab freezing ntsiab lus, lub xeev ntawm aggregation, corrosivity, solubility, viscosity, ceev, tshav kub ntawm vaporization, volatility, diffusion coefficient, hydrolysis thiab saturated vapor siab. Tab sis muaj ntau lwm yam khoom uas tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv "lub neej" ntawm cov khoom phom sij no thiab, vim li ntawd, 0 hauv tib neeg lub neej.
Pom zoo:
Tus neeg nqa khoom lub tswv yim: cov tswv yim yooj yim, cov hauv paus ntsiab lus, cov yam ntxwv
Michael Porter yog tus kws tshaj lij kev lag luam, kws pab tswv yim, kws tshawb fawb, kws qhia ntawv, kws qhia ntawv thiab sau ntau phau ntawv. leej twg tsim lawv tus kheej cov tswv yim sib tw. Lawv coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov loj ntawm kev ua lag luam thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib tw zoo. Cov tswv yim no tau piav qhia hauv kab lus
Cov khoom lag luam poob nyiaj txiag ntawm cov nuj nqis: lub tswv yim, lub hwj chim thiab txoj cai ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm, lub tswv yim rau kev ua ntaub ntawv thov kev lag luam thiab kev sib tw
Yog tias tus qiv nyiaj tsis tuaj yeem them rov qab tag nrho cov lus thov ntawm cov neeg qiv nyiaj raws sijhawm thiab tag nrho, tom qab ntawd los ntawm lub tsev hais plaub txiav txim siab nws yuav raug tshaj tawm tias ua lag luam. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub tuam txhab lag luam poob nyiaj ntawm cov nuj nqis raug ntsuas. Tag nrho cov cuab yeej muaj los ntawm lub tuam txhab thaum lub sij hawm pib ntawm kev ua lag luam poob nyiaj yuav raug ntsuas. Cov nyiaj tau los ntawm kev muag cov chaw no yog siv los them cov nuj nqis
Tsev noj mov lub tswv yim: kev tshawb nrhiav kev lag luam, kev txhim kho, cov tswv yim npaj txhij nrog cov piv txwv, piav qhia, ntawv qhia zaub mov, tsim thiab qhib lub tswv yim lub tsev noj mov
Kab lus no yuav pab koj nkag siab yuav ua li cas npaj cov lus piav qhia ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm lub tsev noj mov thiab koj yuav tsum xav txog dab tsi thaum tsim nws. Nws tseem yuav ua tau kom paub txog cov piv txwv ntawm cov tswv yim npaj txhij uas tuaj yeem ua kev tshoov siab los tsim lub tswv yim ntawm kev qhib lub tsev noj mov
Cov ntaub ntawv ntws hauv kev xa khoom yog Lub tswv yim thiab kev faib tawm, cov yam ntxwv thiab cov piv txwv
Cov ntaub ntawv logistics cuam tshuam nrog lub koom haum ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntws uas nrog cov khoom muaj nqis hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm lawv txoj kev txav mus los. Nws tso cai rau koj los txuas cov khoom siv, kev tsim khoom thiab kev muag khoom. Cov ntaub ntawv ntws hauv logistics yog ib qho cuab yeej rau kev tswj cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txav mus los thiab kev cia khoom ntawm cov khoom
Yam koj yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm hauv tsheb tavxij: cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog thiab cov cai, cov cai thiab kev cai lij choj. Cov lus teb thiab cov lus qhia los ntawm cov neeg tsav tsheb tavxij, cov neeg siv khoom thiab cov neeg xa khoom
Raws li ntau tus neeg caij tsheb, txoj haujlwm ntawm tus tsav tsheb tavxij yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws. Koj zaum, mloog suab paj nruag zoo nkauj thiab tsav tsheb rov qab los. Thiab lawv muab nyiaj rau koj. Tab sis qhov no tsuas yog sab nraud ntawm lub npib. Qhov rov qab yog ntau dua rosy. Peb yuav tham txog nws hauv kab lus no. Thiab peb tseem yuav qhia txog yam koj xav tau ua haujlwm hauv tsheb tavxij
