Daim npe ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob loj tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-17 18:53

Kev vam meej niaj hnub no tau ua rau muaj kev zoo nkauj titanic cov qauv, qhov loj tshaj plaws uas yog piv rau cov qub monuments xws li cov pyramids ntawm Egypt lossis South America. Ib qho ntawm cov qauv no yog cov dams ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob fais fab uas thaiv cov dej ntws muaj zog thiab cov dej ntws puv nkaus.

Russian hydropower plant

Russia, uas muaj thaj chaw loj heev thiab cov khoom siv dej loj uas tsim los ntawm cov dej ntws ntawm ntau tus dej, niaj hnub no yog ib tus thawj coj ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob muaj zog.

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation, yog hais tias peb suav HPPs nrog ib tug tsim peev xwm ntawm 1 megawatt los yog ntau tshaj, muaj txog 150. Ntxiv rau ntau me me hydroelectric fais fab nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv Russia. Ntxiv mus, vim tus txheeb ze pheej yig, muaj thiab loj reserves ntawm untapped hydropower, cov nyiaj no yog maj mam loj hlob. Yog lawm, kev tsim kho ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob loj loj ntawm cov dej ntws ntawm Russia, zoo li Sayano-Shushenskaya, yuav tsum muaj cov nqi tseem ceeb thiab them qeeb, yog li tus naj npawb ntawm cov kev teeb tsa tau loj hlob vim muaj cov nroj tsuag muaj peev xwm tsawg.

Daim npe ntawm Lavxias teb sab siab HPPs (los ntawm 1 gigawatt)

Vim muaj ntau lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob hauv tebchaws Russia, peb yuav tsis xav txog lawv tag nrho hauv kab lus no. Hloov chaw, cia peb saiblub zog tshaj plaws ntawm lawv (nrog lub peev xwm tsim ntawm 100 megawatts). Ib txhia ntawm lawv tsim cascades ntawm hydroelectric fais fab chaw nres tsheb nyob rau hauv Russia, uas yog nyob rau ntawm tib tus dej (piv txwv li, lub Angarsk cascade). Cia peb saib ze ze ntawm qhov loj tshaj plaws hydroelectric fais fab nroj tsuag.

	Tsim peev txheej	Npe	Kev txhim kho thiab pib ntawm chav nyob	Txoj kev ntawm Federation	dej feature
1	6, 4 gigawatts	Sayano-Shushenskaya Hydroelectric Fais Fab Chaw Tsim Tshuaj	1978-85 2011-14	Rep. Khakassia	Yenisei River
2	6 gigawatts	Krasnoyarsk Hydroelectric Fais Fab Chaw Tsim Tshuaj	1967-71	Krasnoyarsk cheeb tsam.	Yenisei River
3	4,5 gigawatts	Bratsk Hydroelectric Fais Fab Cog	1961-66	Irkutsk Thaj Chaw	Angara River
4	3,84 gigawatts	Ust-Ilim chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob hluav taws xob	1974-79	Irkutsk Thaj Chaw	Angara River
5	2,997 gigawatts	Boguchanskaya hydroelectric fais fab chaw nres tsheb	2012-14	Krasnoyarsk cheeb tsam.	Angara River
6	2, 671 gigawatts	Volga Hydroelectric Fais Fab Cog	1958-61	cheeb tsam Volgograd	Volga River
7	2, 467 gigawatts	Zhigulevskaya hydroelectric fais fab chaw nres tsheb	1955-57	Samara Region	Volga River
8	2,01 gigawatts	Bureya Hydroelectric Fais Fab Cog	2003-07	Amur Region	Bureya River
9	1,404 gigawatts	Saratov Hydroelectric Fais Fab Cog	1967-70	YSaratov Region	Volga River
10	1, 374 gigawatts	Cheboksary Hydroelectric Fais Fab Cog	1980-86	Rep. Chuvashia	Volga River
11	1, 33 gigawatts	Zeyskaya chaw nres tsheb fais fab	1975-80	Amur Region	Zeya River
12	1, 205 gigawatts	Nizhnekamsk Hydroelectric Fais Fab Chaw Tsim Tshuaj	1979-87	Rep. Tatarstan	Kama River
13	1,035 gigawatts	Votkinsk Hydroelectric Fais Fab Cog	1961-63	Perm Region	Kama River
14	1 gigawatt	Chirkey hydroelectric fais fab chaw nres tsheb	1974-76	Rep. Dagestan	Sulak River

Tom qab soj ntsuam lub rooj, ib tus tuaj yeem nkag siab tias cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob loj tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia tau tsim nyob rau hauv Soviet era hauv 60-80s.

Tsuas muaj tsawg tus tau tsim nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation nyob rau hauv lub 90s thiab lub tshiab txhiab xyoo.

HPPs ua nyob rau hauv Russia nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 0, 1 - 1 gigawatts

	Tsim peev txheej	Npe	Kev txhim kho thiab pib ntawm chav nyob	Txoj kev ntawm Federation	dej feature
1	0, 9 gigawatts	Kolyma Hydroelectric Fais Fab Cog	1981-94	cheeb tsam Magadan	Kolyma River
2	0, 68 gigawatts	Vilyuyskaya HPP-I thiab HPP-II	1967-76	Rep. Yakutia	Vilyuy River
3	0, 662 gigawatts	Irkutsk Hydroelectric Fais Fab Cog	1956-58	Irkutsk Thaj Chaw	Angara River
4	0, 6 gigawatts	Kurei hydropower cog	1987-94	Krasnoyarsk cheeb tsam.	Kureika River
5	0, 552 gigawatts	Kama Hydroelectric Fais Fab Cog	1954-58	Perm Region	Kama River
6	0, 52 gigawatts	YNizhny Novgorod Hydroelectric Fais Fab Chaw Tsim Tshuaj	1955-56	Nizhny Novgorod cheeb tsam	Volga River
7	0, 48 gigawatts	Novosibirsk Hydroelectric Fais Fab Chaw	1957-59	Novosibirsk cheeb tsam	Ob River
8	0, 471 gigawatts	Ust-Khantai Hydroelectric Fais Fab Cog	1970-72	Krasnoyarsk cheeb tsam.	Kantayka River
9	0, 4 gigawatts	Irganai Hydroelectric Fais Fab Cog	1998-01	Rep. Dagestan	river Avar Koysu
10	0, 356 gigawatts	Rybinsk Hydroelectric Fais Fab Chaw	1941-50	YYaroslavl Region	Volga River thiab Sheksna River
11	0, 321 gigawatts	Mainskaya Hydroelectric Fais Fab Cog	1984-85	Rep. Khakassia	Yenisei River
12	0, 277 gigawatts	Vilyuyskaya HPP-III (Svetlinskaya hydroelectric fais fab nroj tsuag)	2004-08	Rep. Yakutia	Vilyuy River
13	0, 268 gigawatts	Verkhnetuloma Hydroelectric Fais Fab Cog	1964-65	cheeb tsam Murmansk	Tuloma River
14	0, 22 gigawatts	Miatlinskaya hydroelectric power station	1986	Rep. Dagestan	Sulak River
15	0, 211 gigawatts	Tsimlyansk Hydroelectric Power Plant	1952-54	Rostov Region	Don River
16	0, 201 gigawatts	Pavlovsk Hydroelectric Fais Fab Cog	1959-60	Rep. Bashkiria	Ufa River
17	0, 201 gigawatts	Serebryanskaya HPP -1	1970	cheeb tsam Murmansk	Crow River
18	0, 184 gigawatts	Kuban HPP -2	1967-69	Rep. Karachay-Cherkessia	Big Stavropol k.
19	0, 18 gigawatts	Krivoporozhskaya chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob hluav taws xob	1990-91	Rep. Karelia	Kem dej
20	0, 168 gigawatts	Ust-Srednekanskaya Hydroelectric Fais Fab Cog	2013	cheeb tsam Magadan	Kolyma River
21	0, 16 gigawatts	Verkhne-Svirskaya chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob hluav taws xob	1951-52	cheeb tsam Leningrad	Svir River
22	0, 16 gigawatts	Zelenchuk HPP-PSPP	1999-16	Rep. Karachay-Cherkessia	Kuban River
23	0, 156 gigawatts	Serebryanskaya HPP -2	1972	cheeb tsam Murmansk	Crow River
24	0, 155 gigawatts	Niva HPP -3	1949-50	cheeb tsam Murmansk	Niva River
25	0, 152 gigawatts	Knyazhegub hydroelectric power station	1955-56	cheeb tsam Murmansk	Kovda River
26	0, 13 gigawatts	Verkhneteriberskaya hydroelectric fais fab nroj tsuag	1984	cheeb tsam Murmansk	Teriberka River
27	0, 124 gigawatts	Narva Hydroelectric Fais Fab Cog	1955	cheeb tsam Leningrad	Narva River
28	0, 122 gigawatts	Svetogorsk Hydroelectric Fais Fab Chaw	1945-47	cheeb tsam Leningrad	Vuoksa River
29	0, 12 gigawatts	Uglich Hydroelectric Fais Fab Cog	1940-41	YYaroslavl Region	Volga River
30	0, 118 gigawatts	Lesogorskaya chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob hluav taws xob	1937-13	cheeb tsam Leningrad	Vuoksa River
31	0, 1 gigawatt	Gotsatlinskaya hydroelectric power station	2015	Rep. Dagestan	river Avar Koysu

Sayano-Shushenskaya Hydroelectric Fais Fab Chaw Tsim Tshuaj

Lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob no yog thawj zaug ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob loj tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia. Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no scale, nws yuav siv sij hawm ib tug honorable cuaj qhov chaw. Lub tuam txhab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tshuav nws lub npe rau Sayan roob toj siab, hauv thaj chaw uas nws nyob, thiab qhov chaw uas tus nom tswv nto moo Vladimir Ulyanov (Lenin) thaum lub sijhawm raug tshem tawm - lub zos Shushenskoye.

Kev tsim kho ntawm lub tuam txhab hluav taws xob kev lag luam loj tau pib xyoo 1961, qee qhov kev tsim kho tau ua tiav hauv xyoo 2000s. Nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom, tag nrho cov duab puab tau teeb tsa nyob rau sab nraud ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb fais fab: cov kws ua haujlwm, cov neeg tsim khoom thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm zoo tib yam uas ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho tom ntej ntawm lub xyoo pua yog imprinted hauv pob zeb. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg yog qhov zoo nkauj heev, ua rau nws qhov chaw tsim nyog rau kev yees duab mus ncig.

Dam

Lub pas dej ntawm Sayano-Shushenskaya fais fab nroj tsuag yog qhov siab tshaj plaws hauv Lavxias Federation. Nws qhov siab yog 0.245 km, ntev 1.074 km, dav 0.105 km, dav raws ntug 0.025 km. Kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub pas dej tauv yog ua kom ntseeg tau los ntawm kev tsim tshwj xeeb ntawm txoj siv arched (ib feem ntawm cov khoom thauj - txog 40% - raug xa mus rau cov pob zeb ntug dej hiav txwv).

Lub pas dej tauv mus rau hauv cov pob zeb ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv mus rau qhov tob ntawm 10 thiab 15 meters. yooj yim xamqhia tau hais tias cov pob zeb sib tov los ntawm lub pas dej tauv tau tsim kom txaus los tsim txoj kev loj ntawm Moscow mus rau Vladivostok.

Kev kub ntxhov

Tej zaum qhov kev sim siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub zog rau tag nrho Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric fais fab nroj tsuag yog av qeeg ntsuas kwv yees li 8 lub ntsiab lus ntawm Richter nplai, uas tau tshwm sim rau Lub Ob Hlis 10, 2011. Txawm tias qhov tseeb tias qhov chaw nruab nrab tsuas yog 78. mais ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb, nws tsis ua rau pom kev puas tsuaj rau lub pas dej lossis lwm cov qauv ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb fais fab Lavxias teb sab.

Tab sis cov pej xeem ib txwm paub ntau dua ntawm lwm qhov xwm txheej ntsig txog Sayano-Shushenskaya chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob hluav taws xob - kev sib tsoo xyoo 2009. Nws tau dhau los ua qhov kev sim loj rau Lavxias lub zog hluav taws xob uas tsoomfwv raug yuam kom txwv kev siv cov roj teeb hluav taws xob siab.

Accident

Kev sib tsoo hauv xyoo 2009 ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb loj tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia tau poob hauv keeb kwm raws li qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab kev sib tsoo loj tshaj plaws ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm GTS (hydraulic qauv) ntawm Lavxias Federation. Xya caum tsib tus neeg tuag. Cov kws tshaj lij uas tau ua qhov kev tshawb nrhiav hu ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub turbine npog fasteners.

Raws li cov dej ntws muaj zog, chav tshuab tau raug dej nyab, qab nthab, phab ntsa thiab ntau yam khoom siv hauv chaw nres tsheb raug puas tsuaj. Lub zog hluav taws xob tau raug txiav tag nrho.

Muaj feem cuam tshuam

pas dej tauv txaus ntshai heev. Qhov no tuaj yeem dhau los ua kev puas tsuaj rau lub teb chaws, vim hais tias cov zos thiab cov nroog nyob hauv qab ntawm Yenisei yuav raug kev txom nyem.heev. Tib neeg, kev lag luam thiab ib puag ncig poob yuav loj heev! Hmoov zoo, cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv chaw nres tsheb tau txiav txim siab los tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm cov xwm txheej raws li qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo tshaj plaws.