Propylene glycol - yog dab tsi? Chemical zog, kev siv

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-07 20:58

Ib qho ntawm feem ntau hauv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce, tshuaj tsw qab, kev lag luam khoom noj, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm yog cov khoom siv organic cuam tshuam nrog cawv. Nws lub npe yog propylene glycol. Nws yog dab tsi? Xav txog cov khoom, cov qauv ntawm cov molecule thiab lub Scope ntawm no compound nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm tsab xov xwm.

YPropylene glycol - yog dab tsi?

Tib neeg pib siv cov cawv dihydric no sai li sai tau thaum lawv pom tias nws muaj txiaj ntsig thiab tseem ceeb npaum li cas. Outwardly, nws tsis txawv ntau ntawm ethanol los yog glycerin, vim hais tias nws kuj yog ib tug pob tshab kua. Muaj tseeb, nws cov viscosity siab dua li ntawm ethanol, tab sis qis dua li ntawm glycerol. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm nws toxicity, nws yog ntau inferior rau nws nyob ze cov neeg zej zog nyob rau hauv lub homologous series - ethylene glycol.

Yog ethanediol yog cov tshuaj lom uas muaj zog tshaj plaws, ces propylene glycol tsis yog. Kev siv cov tshuaj no yog nyob ntawm nws lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Yog tias peb piav qhia luv luv txog cov kev lag luam tseem ceeb uas muaj propylene glycol, kev siv yuav raug nthuav tawm los ntawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm kev lag luam.

1. tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam.
2. Aircraft and automotive construction.
3. Roj thiab roj kev lag luam.
4. paint kev lag luam.
5. Tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab naj hoom kev lag luam.
6. khoom noj khoom haus.
7. Technical field of activity.
8. Tshuaj.

Pom tseeb, cov khoom peb tab tom txiav txim siab yog cov khoom siv tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev tsim khoom thiab ua haujlwm ntawm ntau yam qauv. Tias yog vim li cas qhov kev tsim cov khoom no yog kwv yees nyob rau hauv tons txhua xyoo. Nws export thiab ntshuam ntawm lub teb chaws yog heev active. Yuav luag txhua qhov kev ua haujlwm thiab kev tsim khoom muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev siv cov khoom xws li propylene glycol. Nws yog dab tsi? Dab tsi yog nws cov qauv tshuaj, qauv thiab cov khoom? Peb yuav tshawb xyuas ntxiv.

Formula thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov molecule

Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm cov qauv uas tuaj yeem siv los tso saib tsis yog qhov zoo thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov molecule, tab sis kuj yog qhov kev txiav txim uas cov atoms txuas nrog hauv nws, uas yog, cov qauv ntawm cov teeb meem.

1. Molecular, lossis empirical. Raws li cov qauv no, ib tus tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov sib xyaw ua ke. Propylene glycol yuav zoo li C₃H₈O_{2. Tab sis cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no yuav tsis ua rau nws muaj peev xwm kwv yees cov khoom ntawm cov teeb meem, vim qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm atoms tsis paub.}
2. Cov qauv luv luv. Hauv qhov no, propylene glycol muaj pes tsawg leeg yog tib yam, tab sis cov qauv tuaj yeem muaj ob hom: 1, 2 - propanediol CH ₂ OH-CHOH-CH _{3 thiab 1, 3-propanediol CH}2_OH-CH2_-CH2_{OH. Txoj hauj lwm ntawm pab pawg neeg ua haujlwm cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj. Ntawm lawv tus kheej, ob qho tib si qauv yog isomers.}
3. Txhua tus qauv qauv. Nws qhia tau hais tias txhua daim ntawv cog lus nyob rau hauv ib lub molecule, nrog rau cov ntawv cog lus ntawm carbon thiab hydrogen. Hauv propylene glycol, txhua daim ntawv cog lus yog ib leeg, sigma-hom, yog li nws tsis muaj kev nkag siab los piav qhia tag nrho cov qauv.

Raws li cov khoom siv yooj yim, propylene glycol yog cov kua uas yog cov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ob lub teeb pom kev zoo isomeric. Qhov no yog vim qhov asymmetric carbon atom hauv cov saw hlau. Yog li ntawd, ib tug tig lub dav hlau ntawm polarization ntawm lub teeb mus rau sab xis, lwm tus mus rau sab laug. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no xyaum tsis cuam tshuam cov khoom ntawm cov khoom no tag nrho.

Lub cev muaj zog ntawm qhov teeb meem

Hais txog lub cev tsis muaj zog, 100% propylene glycol muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no.

1. xim tsis muaj kua, tuab, khov, nruab nrab ntom.
2. Nws qab qab qab zib, qhov tsis hnov tsw yog ib qho tshwj xeeb.
3. Nws yog cov kuab tshuaj zoo rau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm yuav luag txhua chav kawm ntawm cov tshuaj.
4. Propylene glycol nws tus kheej yog soluble hauv dej thiab cawv, tsis zoo hauv benzene thiab ether.
5. Boiling point - 45.5 0C ntawm qhov siab. Nrog nce siab, qhov taw qhia nce.
6. Highly hygroscopic.
7. Qhia tawm qis corrosivity.

Cov khoom zoo sib xws ntawm lub cev thiab txiav txim siab thaj chaw tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj no. Tom qab tag nrho, propanediolNws muaj peev xwm ua kom cov khoom muag muag, khaws cov huab cua noo thiab khi nws, txo qhov kub ntawm cov khoom, thiab disperse ib puag ncig cov tebchaw. Yog li ntawd, nws kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev lag luam khoom noj.

tshuaj muaj zog

Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm reactivity, 1, 3-propylene glycol yog qhov ntau reactive isomer. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog tus uas muaj peev xwm ua tau polymerize. Feem ntau, muaj ntau qhov kev tshwm sim tseem ceeb uas cov dej cawv dihydric no nkag mus rau hauv.

1. Kev xav. Nws cuam tshuam nrog cov organic thiab inorganic acids los tsim esters.
2. Thaum reacts nrog alkalis, nws muab glycolates, tib yam tshwm sim thaum reacting nrog alkali hlau.
3. Muaj peev xwm lub cev qhuav dej los tsim aldehydes, allyl alcohols, dimethyldioxanes thiab lwm yam khoom.
4. Dehydrogenation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua rau tsim cov acetols, aldehydes, acids.
5. Oxidation yog nrog los ntawm kev tsim cov molecules ntawm acetone, propionaldehyde, lactic acid, formaldehyde thiab lwm cov tebchaw.

Kev siv cov tshuaj no hauv kev lag luam suav tias muaj kev nyab xeeb rau ib puag ncig. Tseeb, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm stepwise decomposition ntawm lub molecule, tsuas yog dej thiab carbon dioxide tsim. Cov txheej txheem mus zoo li no:

• Ypropylene glycol;
• lactic acid;
• YPVC (pyruvic acid);
• dej;

Yog vim li cas nws thiaj suav tias siv tau qhov kev sib txuas no rau ntau lub hom phiaj: ob qho tib si kev,thiab khoom noj thiab tshuaj pleev ib ce.

toxicity thiab cuam tshuam rau lub cev

Propylene glycol - nws yog dab tsi ntawm nws cov txiaj ntsig ntawm tib neeg lub cev? Ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb thiab kev sim tau pom tias qhov sib xyaw no tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov nqaij mos thiab lub cev. Tsis ua rau khaus thiab liab ntawm daim tawv nqaij, tsis sib sau nyob rau hauv daim siab thiab ob lub raum, raws li nws lov rau ntawm txoj kev mus rau lawv.

Kev sim ntawm cov nas uas tau noj propylene glycol txhua hnub ua pov thawj tias nws tsis cuam tshuam rau kev noj qab haus huv thiab lub neej ntawm cov tsiaj nyob. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj siv cov khoom lag luam thiab kev npaj uas muaj ntau cov tshuaj no rau lub sijhawm ntev, lub raum yuav raug kev txom nyem, lawv txoj haujlwm thiab kev ncaj ncees yuav raug cuam tshuam. Tab sis rau qhov no, koj yuav tsum siv ntau npaum li cas yuav luag ntshiab 100% propylene glycol, uas, ntawm chav kawm, yog tsis yooj yim sua.

Yog li ntawd, kev siv cov cawv no hauv kev lag luam tshuaj pleev ib ce, tshuaj tsw qab thiab zaub mov raug tso cai raws li txhua txoj cai thiab kev cai. Tsuas yog cov txiaj ntsig tsis zoo nws tuaj yeem muaj rau cov neeg uas raug kev txom nyem los ntawm cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij, dermatitis, eczema thiab complex form of allergies. Hauv qhov no, nws tsis pom zoo kom siv cov tshuaj nplaum, tshuaj pleev, tshuaj zawv plaub hau thiab lwm yam khoom uas muaj cov tshuaj no.

Industrial production

Cov khoom siv tshuaj ntawm propylene glycol ua rau nws tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm propylene oxide nyob rau hauv qee qhov kub thiab txias (txog 200 0С) thiab siab (1, 6MPa). Hauv qhov no, cov khoom lag luam yog peb yam khoom ib zaug:

• Ypropylene glycol;
• Ydipropylene glycol;
• Ytripropylene glycol.

Rau kev ua haujlwm ntxiv thiab kev sib cais, txoj kev kho ntawm ib kab tshwj xeeb yog siv. Cov khoom tiav lawm muaj tus nqi purity siab (99%), yog li nws tau npaj tam sim rau kev siv. Khoom noj khoom haus qib propylene glycol tau ua tiav ntxiv thiab muaj lub neej txee ntev txog ob xyoos.

Siv raws li tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob

Ua ntej tshaj plaws, cov cawv no yog siv hauv kev lag luam los ua kom txias. Propylene glycol tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev teeb tsa cua sov hauv qhov kub ntawm -40 ⁰ С txog +108 ^{0 С. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws qhov muaj peev xwm corrosion tsawg tso cai rau koj txuag cov khoom siv. Yog li, propanediol yog siv rau:}

• cua sov tshuab;
• cua txias ntawm txhua yam tsev;
• qhov cua;
• khoom noj tub yees.

Siv hauv cosmetology

Lub peev xwm ntawm cov tshuaj no los ntes thiab khi dej, tawg, txhim kho kev sib xws, ua cov ntxhiab tsw molecules underlies nws siv hauv tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab naj hoom industries. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev siv tshuaj lom neeg tsawg thiab kev nyab xeeb los ntawm qhov pom ntawm ecology thiab tshuaj kuj txiav txim siab qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov tshuaj no thaum tsim cov tshuaj pleev, tshuaj zawv plaub hau, tshuaj pleev, tshuaj pleev thiab lwm yam khoom.

Muaj ntau lub koom haum uas muab kev yuav propylene glycol. Tus nqi nyob ntawm qhov concentration ntawm cov khoom thiab nyob ntawm qhov ntim ntawm qhov kev txiav txim. Nws txawv ntawm 150 txog 170 rubles ib kg.

siv kev lag luam khoom noj

Hauv kev lag luam khoom noj, propylene glycol hu ua E1520. Nws yog ib feem ntawm ntau yam khoom uas muaj pasty, creamy sib xws, nrog rau cov khoom qab zib nyuaj. Nws lub luag haujlwm yog dispersion, softening, txias, preservation.