Gypsum qib: yam ntxwv, txhais, duab

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Gypsum tsis tau poob nws qhov chaw txawm tias niaj hnub no, txawm hais tias nws tau paub txij li qub txeeg qub teg. Ntau yam khoom siv niaj hnub no tsis tuaj yeem sib tw nrog nws. Nws yog siv rau hauv ceramic, porcelain thiab faience, roj kev lag luam, kev tsim kho thiab tshuaj. Gypsum yog nyob rau hauv kev thov nyob rau hauv sculpting sculptures, nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov pob zeb zoo nkauj thiab muab faib ua ntau qib nyob ntawm seb lub zog tau.

Definition

Gypsum muaj xim grey lossis dawb. Kev sib tsoo ntawm cov khoom yog zoo, nws yog tau los ntawm gypsum pob zeb. Tom qab ua tiav, ntuj gypsum raug rho tawm haujlwm ntawm qhov kub txog li 190 ˚С. Cov khoom sai sai seizes, yog fast-hardening binder. Nws yog siv rau kev ua haujlwm plastering, hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv gypsum, gypsum pob zeb, castings, thiab kuj yog ib qho ntxiv rau cov ntaub ntawv xws li cov cement thiab txiv qaub.

Roasting ntawm cov khoom siv nyob rau hauv teb kilns, tom qab uas cov raw khoom yog av los ua hmoov. Nyob ntawmTxog hnub tim, ob hom gypsum paub - fibrous thiab granular. Thawj yog hu ua selenite, qhov thib ob hu ua alabaster.

Specifications

Yog tias koj xav siv plaster, koj yuav tsum txaus siab rau qib thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv. Muaj 12 nyob rau hauv tag nrho, tag nrho cov gypsum sib tov muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo sib xws. Ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev gypsum, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los qhia qhov ceev, uas txawv ntawm 2.60 txog 2.76 g / cm². Cov khoom muaj ib tug ntom nplua-grained qauv. Hauv cov xoob xoob, qhov ceev txawv ntawm 850 txog 1150 kg / m^2.

Yog tias cov khoom raug nthuav tawm hauv daim ntawv compact, ces qhov ntsuas no txawv ntawm 1245 txog 1455 kg / m 2. Ib qho tseem ceeb heev feature yog lub sij hawm ziab. Ntawm qhov zoo ntawm qhov tseem ceeb, ceev hardening thiab teeb tsa yuav tsum tau qhia. Tom qab 4 feeb tom qab kneading, gypsum pib harden, tom qab 30 feeb nws solidifies tag nrho. Cov tshuaj tiav hauv qhov no yuav tsum tau noj tam sim.

Hais txog lub ntsiab lus melting thiab qhov ntom ntom ntau

Kom qeeb qhov chaw, cov kua nplaum uas muaj dej-soluble tsiaj ntxiv rau hauv plaster. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom hais txog lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, uas yog qhov piv ntawm huab hwm coj mus rau qhov ntim nws nyob. Volumetric thiab tej qhov hnyav yog kwv yees li qub. Feem ntau, cov neeg siv khoom kuj xav paub qhov kub ntawm gypsum undergoes. Cov yam ntxwv no tseem hu ua lub melting point. Cov cua kub tuaj yeem tshwm sim txog 700 ˚С yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj. Kev tiv thaiv hluav taws kub heev. Kev puas tsuajtshwm sim tsuas yog 8 teev tom qab raug qhov kub thiab txias.

Yog tias koj xav yuav cov khoom piav qhia, ces koj yuav tsum txaus siab rau qib gypsum kom muaj zog. Piv txwv li, cov khoom siv hauv tsev hauv compression muaj lub zog tsis muaj zog ntawm 4 txog 6 MPa. Yog tias koj muaj lub zog siab gypsum nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm koj, qhov ntsuas no txawv ntawm 15 txog 40 MPa. Cov qauv qhuav tuaj yeem muaj zog txog peb zaug. Cov khoom siv kuj ua raws li lub xeev cov qauv 125-79 (ST SEV 826-77).

Thermal conductivity thiab solubility

Ntawm cov yam ntxwv, lub peev xwm ua kom sov yuav tsum tau qhia. Gypsum tsis zoo rau qhov no. Cov thermal conductivity yog 0.259 kcal / m deg / teev, uas yog qhov tseeb rau qhov kub ntawm 15 txog 45 ˚С. Solubility nyob rau hauv ib liter ncav cuag 2.256 g. Cov nuj nqis no muaj tseeb ntawm 0 ˚С. Yog tias qhov kub thiab txias nce mus txog 15 ° C, qhov solubility yog 2.534g. Ntawm 35 ° C, solubility nce mus rau 2.684g. Yog tias cua sov txuas ntxiv, qhov solubility txo qis.

Ntxiv nta

Kawm cov npe ntawm gypsum rau cov pob zeb dag, koj yuav pom tias nws tsis yog ib txwm yooj yim uas cov khoom teeb tsa sai sai. Thaum ua hauj lwm nrog cov kev daws teeb meem, koj yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account tias lub khob noom cookie hardening seizes thiab rejuvenates thaum tov. Tab sis yog tias qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo li no tau siv rau saum npoo, nws yuav tsis muaj lub zog tsim nyog, thiab thaum nws qhuav, cov khoom yuav pib tawg, ua rau cov kab nrib pleb. Yog li ntawd, gypsum-raws li kev daws teeb meemyuav tsum tau noj me me uas koj siv tau li ntawm ob peb feeb.

txhawm rau txo qhov adhesion, av nplaum lossis txiv qaub mortar yuav tsum tau ntxiv. Rau tib lub hom phiaj, tus neeg saib xyuas tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev daws ntawm borax yog siv. Tag nrho cov kev sib tov no tau npaj rau hauv dej. Hardened Gypsum yog tus cwj pwm siab thiab qhov ntom ntom ntom ntom thiab kab sib txawv hauv 1200-1500 kg Qhov no qhia tau hais tias cov compound yog tsawg thermally conductive.

Stamps

Qib ntawm gypsum, raws li tau hais los saum no, 12. Lawv suav nrog qee yam ntawm gypsum, ntawm lawv yuav tsum tau sau tseg:

• construction;
• kev; hloov kho;
• forming.

Thawj yog cim G4 lossis G5 thiab yog siv rau plastering thiab tsim ntau yam hauv tsev. Cov txheej txheem ntau yam yog cim G5 thiab yog cov khoom siv molding. Thaum xav txog qib gypsum, koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau qhov hloov pauv ntau yam, uas tau sau tias G16 thiab yog siv rau kev sib khi cov pob qij txha, grouting primers thiab putties.

Moulding plaster yog cim raws li hauv qab no: G10, G18. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv ceramic, aviation thiab automotive kev lag luam. Ntawm qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm daim ntawv thov, nws tsim nyog hais txog kev tsim cov pwm rau casting alloys thiab non-ferrous hlau. Moulding plaster tau pom nws siv dav hauv kev tsim cov qauv rau kev ua haujlwm sculptural.

Yog tias koj xav tsim cov gypsum hom, koj yuav tsum xyuam xim rau cov cim ntawm G-2 txog G-7. Cov ntaub ntawv no yog pawg B, thiab lawv lub zog compressive sib txawv ntawm 0.2 txog 0.7 MPa, uas yog qhov txwv ntawm 2 txog 7 kgf / cm 2. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, qhov pib ntawm kev teeb tsa tshwm sim ntawm thib rau feeb. Qhov chaw xaus tsis pub dhau ib nrab teev. Lub hom phiaj ntawm lub tsev gypsum hu ua alabaster. Qhov no yog tib txoj hlua khi uas nthuav thiab nce hauv ntim txog li 1% thaum lub sij hawm hardening txheej txheem, tab sis cov cement thiab txiv qaub muab tshuaj shrink.

Ntxiv ntxiv txog hom: kev tsim kho

Gypsum siv qib yog siv rau kev tsim cov khoom, plastering thiab tsim cov khoom faib boards. Ua hauj lwm nrog xws li kev daws yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm - los ntawm 8 mus rau 25 feeb. Tus nqi kawg yuav nyob ntawm seb hom hom twg. Thaum pib ntawm hardening, cov khoom nce kwv yees li 40% ntawm lub zog kawg.

Vim qhov tseeb tias thaum lub sij hawm hardening tawg tsis tsim thaum sib tov cov tshuaj nrog ib tug txiv qaub muaj pes tsawg leeg, uas yog tsim nyog rau kom tau plasticity, nws yog tsis tau mus siv sib txawv aggregates. Lub sij hawm teeb tsa yuav raug txo vim qhov tawv tawv retarders.

siab zog polymer qib

Cov khoom ntawm qib siab muaj zog zoo ib yam li qib kev tsim kho, txawm li cas los xij, tom kawg muaj cov muaju me me, thaum qib high-strength muaj cov feem loj, yog li nws muaj tsawg porosity thiab siab zog. Xws li ib tug plasteryog tsim los ntawm kev kho cua sov hauv cov cuab yeej siv hauv kev nruj nruj, qhov chaw ntawm lub pob zeb gypsum muab tso rau.

Xav txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm hom gypsum, koj tuaj yeem nkag siab tias qhov kev siv ntawm nws yog qhov dav heev. Lub tsev sib xyaw ua ke yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv raw thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo yog tsim. Gypsum yog siv los ua ntau yam ntaub ntawv rau cov plooj (porcelain) thiab faience huv wares. Lub zog muaj zog ntau yam yog siv hauv kev kho hniav thiab traumatology. Tab sis orthopedic traumatologists paub ntau dua nrog hluavtaws polymer gypsum, raws li cov ntaub qhwv gypsum yog tsim rau hnav khaub ncaws rau pob txha. Ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom lag luam polymer yuav tsum tau hais txog:

• "lub teeb sib tshooj";
• moisture resistance;
• kev kaj;
• peev xwm tswj pob txha fusion.

Cov khoom tso cai rau daim tawv nqaij ua pa, vim nws muaj permeability zoo.

Brand identification

Yog tias koj xav paub seb yuav txiav txim siab li cas ntawm gypsum, ces koj yuav tsum paub tias kev kos npe yog ua raws li qee qhov ntsuas, ntawm lawv yuav tsum tau qhia:

• zog;
• sib tsoo fineness; teeb tsa ceev.

Lub hom tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los ntawm kev khoov thiab compression kuaj ntawm cov qauv qauv. Lawv muaj qhov loj me hauv qab no: 4 x 4 x 16 cm. Kev ntsuam xyuas yog nqa tawm 2 teev tom qab molding. Ua ntej, lub zog flexural yog txiav txim siab, tom qab ntawd lub zog compressive. Lub sijhawm no, crystallization thiab hydration tiav.

Raws li GOST 129-79, 12 lub zog ntawm cov khoom raug tsim. Tus lej tom qab ntawv qhiaqis compressive zog. Rau gypsum binder, qhov pib thiab qhov kawg ntawm kev teeb tsa yog qhov tseem ceeb. Raws li cov kev txwv no, cov khoom siv tau muab faib ua peb pawg - A, B, C. Raws li kev sib tsoo zoo, uas yog txiav txim siab los ntawm tus lej seem thaum lub sij hawm sifting, lub binder muab faib ua peb pawg: ntxhib, nruab nrab, zoo. Qhov ntom tuaj yeem muaj tseeb thiab ntau. 1st txawv ntawm 2650 - 2750 kg/m³, 2nd - ntawm 800 - 1100 kg/m^3.

yam ntxwv ntawm gypsum G5

Lub hom phiaj ntawm lub tsev gypsum no muaj lub zog compressive ntawm 5. Hauv kev khoov, qhov ntsuas no yog 2.5. Nrog rau qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg, koj tuaj yeem kho qhov chaw, kaw cov kab nrib pleb, kev nyuaj siab, potholes thiab mount cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Gypsum tso cai rau koj los txuas beacons thiab profiles thaum plastering.

Lwm thaj chaw ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm xws li gypsum yog kev tsim cov khoom siv hauv tsev qhuav rau kev ua haujlwm. Qib ntawm kev sib tsoo yog 14% thaum sieved los ntawm ib tug sieve nrog hlwb nrog ib tug loj ntawm 0.2 hli. Lub zog compressive ntawm cov qauv yog 5 MPa. Lub sijhawm teem sijhawm txawv ntawm 6 mus rau 30 feeb. Xav txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm gypsum hom G 5, koj yuav tsum xyuam xim rau lub zog flexural, uas yog 25 kg / cm2.

yam ntxwv ntawm gypsum G10

Qhov gypsum no yog lub zog siab, ua kom zoo zoo hauv cov hmoov dawb. Nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab, nws yog pob tshab thiab tsis muaj xim, thiab nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm impurities nws muaj ib tug yellowish, grey, xim av los yog liab tint. Gypsum hom G 10 yog cov khoom siv hluav taws kub-tiv taus uas tsis muaj tshuaj lom. Nws acidityzoo ib yam li acidity ntawm tib neeg daim tawv nqaij.

Compressive zog yog 100 kgf/cm2. Lub cev hardening ntau yam pib polymerize nyob rau hauv thib rau feeb, qhov kawg ntawm curing yog mus txog rau 9 feeb. Cov khoom siv tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev ua haujlwm sculptural, hauv kev lag luam ceramic, hauv aviation thiab automotive sectors, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm zoo. Cov gypsum no kuj tseem siv los tsim cov pob zeb zoo nkauj.

Nyob hauv kaw

Gypsum tau paub rau txiv neej los ntev, tab sis niaj hnub no ntau thiab ntau qhov chaw siv tau pom rau nws. Nws yog siv tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv kev lag luam, tab sis kuj rau private lub hom phiaj. Nws dhau los ua ib feem ntawm fireproof partitions thiab khoom rau ntau lub hom phiaj.