Steel St3sp: kev txiav txim siab, muaj pes tsawg leeg, daim ntawv thov

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Cov khoom siv raw uas tau los ntawm kev ua cov khoom xws li cam khwb cia hlau yog hu ua hlau. Rau kev ua, siv ntau txoj kev sib txawv - qhib-hearth, hlau-hloov pauv thiab electrothermal. Cov txheej txheem thermal no yog qhov tsim nyog kom cov khoom siv raw kom dhau los ntawm cov theem ntawm carbon saturation, deoxidation, thiab lwm yam. Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov hlau yuav tsum ua raws li GOST.

piav qhia dav dav ntawm cov khoom

St3sp steel yog npaj rau kev tsim cov khoom zoo li tus, ntu, nyias-daim ntawv lossis cov ntaub ntawv tuab. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau ua tiav siv hauv kev npaj cov khoom txias-dov thiab dav-strip nyias-daim ntawv cov khoom. Los ntawm cov khoom no nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem tsim cov kav dej nrog cov duab plaub thiab cov zoo tib yam, tapes, hardware, stampings.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov ntawm no tias St3sp steel yog tib yam khoom siv St3, cov ntawv "sp" qhia tsuas yog txoj kev ntawm nws qhov kev npaj, tab sis ntxiv rau tom qab ntawd. Tam sim no, cov khoom no tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim kho hauv av thiab kev sib txuas lus hauv av, hauv kev tsim kho kev thauj mus los, nrog rau ntau yam khoom siv thiab tshuab.

Impurities thiab deoxidation method

Raws li impurities rau zus tau tej cov St3sp steel yog sivCov khoom hauv qab no:

• chromium hauv tus nqi ntawm 0.3%;
• nickel hauv kom muaj nuj nqis 0.3%;
• tooj liab tib yam li thawj ob yam;
• cov ntsiab lus sulfur yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 0.005%;
• phosphorus hauv qhov nyiaj tsis tshaj 0.04%;
• nitrogen tsis ntau tshaj 0, 1%.

Tom ntej no yog cov txheej txheem ntawm steel deoxidation, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm no, tag nrho cov pa oxygen raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov khoom siv, thiab cov khoom siv ntxiv yuav deteriorate nyob ntawm seb cov tshuaj twg siv. Nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem, muaj peb hom:

• Quet steel - manganese, silicon, aluminium yog siv los ua impurities rau deoxidation.
• Boiling - tsuas yog siv manganese xwb.
• Semi-calm - manganese thiab aluminium yog siv.

Yog li, nws tau paub meej tias kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov hlau St3sp yog cov hlau tsis muaj zog. Los ntawm qhov no, cov chaw tsim khoom qhia txog qib ntawm deoxidation ntawm cov khoom.

Kev piav qhia thiab daim ntawv thov ntawm St3sp

hom tshuaj no kim tshaj plaws ntawm peb hom. Oxygen yog tsis muaj kiag li nyob rau hauv nws, cov qauv yog homogeneous, uas yog, kiag li homogeneous. Cov cuab yeej no ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov khoom siv rau kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev ua phem rau sab nraud. Hauv lwm lo lus, muaj kev ua haujlwm siab rau corrosion, nce ductility. Raws li GOST, St3sp steel yog siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov rigid trusses, nrog rau lwm yam hlau lug, load-bearing thiab tsis-bearing qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom. Cov khoom siv raw no tuaj yeem siv los uacov khoom hauv qab no:

• daim ntawv thiab cov khoom ntim khoom (steel nplooj ntawv cim St3);
• rebar blanks thiab cov khoom siv rau cov kav dej (square pipes St3);
• siv tau zoo hauv kev tsim cov thawj thiab theem nrab rau kev lag luam railway, nyiaj siv ua haujlwm thiab nyiaj siv ua haujlwm, thiab lwm yam.

vuam khoom

Cov khoom no qiv nws tus kheej zoo heev rau cov kev cuam tshuam xws li vuam. Ntau yam kev tsis sib xws, uas tuaj yeem hloov kho nrog ntau yam ntxiv, suav tias yog universal. Weldability zoo heev yog ib qho ntawm thawj qhov zoo uas steel muaj.

Cov khoom thiab cov khoom siv raw khoom tso cai rau kev siv arc vuam hom tsis siv neeg thiab phau ntawv hom. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws raug tso cai siv txoj kev sib cuag-point thiab electroslag. Nws tseem tsim nyog sau cia tias cov khoom siv no tseem tuaj yeem siv tau zoo rau kev tsim cov khoom forged.

Txhua hom kev txiav txim siab

Yog tias koj tso siab rau GOST, ces nco ntsoov siv cov qib steel St3sp tag nrho. Lub npe xws li St3 tsis tso cai. Raws li tus txheej txheem thoob ntiaj teb, muaj kev faib tawm meej rau hauv cov cim St3sp, St3ps, St3kp. Nyob ntawm kev hloov kho thiab nce cov ntsiab lus ntawm manganese thaum lub sij hawm deoxidation, St3gps thiab St3gsp qib kuj tshwm sim. Nws tseem tsim nyog them sai sai rau qhov tseeb tias yog tias thaum lub sij hawm teeb tsa ntawm lub cim tsis muaj qhov ntsuas tau ntxiv los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom, ces qhov degree.deoxidation tuaj yeem ntsia tau los ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom. Yog tias qhov kev txiav txim raug muab tso rau cov khoom siv raw, tom qab ntawd hauv daim ntawv nws yuav tsum tau sau qee yam zoo li no - "steel St3sp GOST 380-2005".

Cov ntsuas no tau muab zais raws li hauv qab no:

• St yog ib qho kev xaiv rau qhov zoo ntawm cov hlau.
• 3 yog tus lej raws cai uas tau muab rau txhua qib steel. Tag nrho muaj xya chav. Kev hloov ntawm tus lej txhais tau tias kev hloov pauv hauv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom siv raw.
• Qee zaum koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau ib tsab ntawv ntxiv G. Nws tsuas yog muab tso rau yog tias feem pua ntawm cov tshuaj - manganese - tshaj 0.8% ntawm tag nrho cov feem loj ntawm cov tshuaj.
• Sp yog qib ntawm deoxidation ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Kev txiav txim siab tag nrho ntawm steel St3sp zoo nkaus li qhov no.

Technological qualities

Cov hlau no tsis yooj yim rau kev npau taws. Tsis yog-flake rhiab heev kuj tau pom, thiab weldability yog xyaum tsis txwv. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias txhua yam khoom siv tau muab faib ua pawg nyob ntawm qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion, zoo ntawm cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab qib ntawm weldability. Yog hais tias peb tham txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm txhua yam, ces dov hlau muab faib ua peb pawg - zoo tib yam, nce thiab siab zog.

Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv raw yog nyob ntawm lawv cov khoom siv tshuaj. Ferrite yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb. Los ntawm nws tus kheej, cov khoom no suav hais tias yog lub zog qis, tab sis ductile. Xws li cov khoom ntawm lub hauv paus khoom tsis tso caisiv ferrite nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab, txij li thaum nws siv, piv txwv li, rau lub tsev yog txwv tsis pub. Nws yog txhawm rau txhim kho cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub zog uas qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg tau dhau los ua cov txheej txheem ntawm carbon saturation. Cov hlau ntawm cov pab pawg zoo tib yam yog cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis muaj cov pa roj carbon monoxide, cov pab pawg nruab nrab suav nrog cov khoom siv uas muaj cov tshuaj ntxiv xws li chromium, nickel, silicon, manganese. Cov khoom muaj zog muaj zog yog ntxiv alloyed siv thermal hardening.

Hamful impurities rau steel

Thaum cov txheej txheem ntawm cov hlau dov, qee cov khoom tsis zoo raug siv lossis tso tawm, uas suav nrog phosphorus thiab sulfur. Thaum phosphorus reacts nrog ferrite, nws zoo heev ua rau nws brittleness thaum raug kub, los yog txo nws lub zog ntawm kub kub. Ib qho ntxiv ntawm sulfur hauv hlau yog hu ua sulfur cov ntsiab lus. Qhov teeb meem no ua rau liab brittleness ntawm cov khoom. Cov ntsiab lus sulfur hauv cov ntaub ntawv raw yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 0.05%, thiab phosphorus - 0.04%. Nws tseem tsim nyog sau cia ntawm no tias yog tias qhov kub tsis siab txaus rau kev tsim cov ferrite, carbon yuav pib tawm. Nws pawg yuav sib sau ua ke ntawm cov nplej, nrog rau ze rau qhov tsis xws luag hauv cov iav siv lead ua. Qhov no muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau cov sawb steel St3sp.