VL10, hluav taws xob locomotive: duab, piav qhia, khoom siv

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

VL10 yog lub tshuab hluav taws xob DC tsim nyob rau hauv USSR, tsim rau ob qho tib si thauj khoom thiab neeg caij tsheb. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv Tbilisi thiab Novocherkassk hluav taws xob locomotive nroj tsuag los ntawm 1961 txog 1977. Lub npe "VL" tau muab rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob hauv kev hwm ntawm Vladimir Lenin, thiab qhov ntsuas "10" txhais tau tias nws hom. Txij li thaum nruab nrab-70s, ntau pua xyoo dhau los, VL10 tau dhau los ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau ntawm USSR railways. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog tus qauv loj tshaj plaws hauv nws cov chav kawm thiab tau los ua lub hauv paus rau cov ntawv txuas ntxiv ntawm VL11 thiab VL12. Hauv kab lus no, peb yuav xav txog cov cuab yeej ntawm VL10 hluav taws xob locomotive thiab nws keeb kwm.

Backstory

Hluav taws xob locomotives ntawm VL8 qauv los ntawm qhov pib ntawm 1970s tsis tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau loj hlob ntawm USSR railway kev lag luam. Lawv muaj lub cav tsis muaj zog (tsuas yog 525 kW ntawm lub zog), lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav txhav, hnyav bogies thiab lub tsheb loj heev.

Lub Ob Hlis 9, 1960, cov lus siv rau kev tsim lub tshuab hluav taws xob tshiab tau pom zoo. Qhov project tau tsim los ntawm cov neeg tsim qauv tsim tshwj xeeb hauv chaw ua haujlwm ntawm Tbilisi Electric Locomotive Plant. Thaum kawgXyoo 1960, qhov project raug xa mus rau Ministry of Railways. Kev tso tawm thawj tus qauv yog lub sijhawm los ua ke nrog 40th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim lub zog socialist hauv Georgia. Nws yog lub sijhawm los xav txog cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob locomotive VL10.

Mechanical

Lub tshuab hluav taws xob muaj ob ntu lub cev, txhua ntu uas tau so ntawm ib khub ntawm ob-tail bogies los ntawm plaub sab pob bearings. Lub cev thav duab tau txais txiaj ntsig los xa cov traction thiab braking rog. Txhua yam ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau teeb tsa hauv txhua ntu. Los ntawm sab ntawm tus neeg tsav tsheb cab, lub cev tau txais SA-3 tsis siv neeg txuas, thiab ib qho txuas mus tas li ntawm TE2 hom tau siv los ua ob peb ntu rau ib leeg.

Dimensions of electric locomotive:

1. Length – 32.04 m.
2. Qhov siab ntawm qhov tsis siv neeg txuas lub qag los ntawm lub taub hau tsheb ciav hlau yog 1060 hli (ntxiv lossis rho tawm 20 hli nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub log tsheb).
3. Wheel diameter - 1260 mm.
4. Qhov tsawg tshaj plaws txoj kab uas hla ntawm 10 km / h yog 125 m.

Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ncua yog 111 hli. 63 ntawm lawv yog nyob rau cylindrical caij nplooj ntoos hlav sab txhawb nqa, thiab 48 yog nyob rau cylindrical caij nplooj ntoos hlav springs ntawm bogies. Lub zog traction los ntawm bogie thav duab mus rau lub cev yog kis los ntawm kev sib dhos pivot. Bogie thawv yog nruab nrog cov menyuam bearings. Traction lossis braking quab yuam yog muab rau lub bogie ncej los ntawm leashes nruab nrog roj hmab-hlau blocks.

hydraulic vibration dampers. Tus tsim ntawm VL10 hluav taws xob locomotive kuj xav tias muaj cov khoom siv los tiv thaiv kev thauj khoom uas tiv thaiv kev tshem tawm ntawm thawj lub log teeb tsa los ntawm lub sijhawm tshwm sim.

tsob nroj muaj zog

tam sim no sau los ntawm kev sib cuag network yog ua los ntawm cov khoom tam sim no T-5M1, uas nyob rau hauv qhov kawg ntawm txhua qhov ntawm ob ntu. Hauv seem yog muab faib ua peb ntu. Nyob rau hauv nws lub taub hau feem muaj ib tug cabin. Qab nws yog VVK (high-voltage chamber), uas yog fenced tawm ntawm txoj kev nrog mesh laj kab. Thaum lub pantograph nqa, lawv yog pneumatically kaw nyob rau hauv qhov chaw kaw. Chav cav yog nyob rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub locomotive.

VVK muaj yuav luag tag nrho cov kev hloov pauv thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm ntu: nres hloov, thim rov qab, contactors (linear, rheostatic, high-speed thiab shunt), boxing relay, thiab lwm yam.

Qhov thib ib thiab thib ob muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab. Hauv VVK ntawm thawj ntu muaj qhov hloov pauv ceev BV-1, uas tiv thaiv cov traction motors, nrog rau kev hloov pauv uas sib txawv ntawm hom kev sib txuas ntawm ntu. Hauv VVK ntawm ntu thib ob, BV-2 tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej pabcuam, thiab qhov hloov pauv hloov qhov nrawm ntawm cov kiv cua motors. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj qee qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntu tag nrho. Piv txwv li, lub chaw nres tsheb xov tooj cua thiab lub ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas ceev tsuas yog nyob hauv ib feem ntawm VL10.

Lub locomotive muaj peb lub tshuab pabcuam hauv chav cav. Lub ntsiab yog lub kiv cua lub cev muaj zog. Chav tsev muaj lub siab-voltage collector motor, kiv cua centrifugal(txias lub VVK thiab traction motors) thiab lub tshuab hluav taws xob collector (tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ncaj qha tam sim no thiab lub voj voog ntawm VL 10 hluav taws xob locomotive). Ntxuam motors tau txuas nrog hauv series hauv hom qis ceev thiab sib npaug hauv hom kev kub ceev.

Muab lub tshuab nrog compressed cua, nws yog nruab nrog lub cev muaj zog-compressor. Nws muaj lub cav zoo ib yam li lub cev muaj zog kiv cua, thiab peb lub tog raj kheej compressor KT-6. Compressed huab cua yog xav tau rau: lub nres system ntawm lub locomotive thiab lub tsheb ciav hlau tag nrho, pneumatic contactors, thaiv lub siab-voltage chamber, windshield wipers thiab suab signals. Lub compressor ntawm hluav taws xob locomotive VL 10 yog txuas nrog lub cav ncaj qha, tsis muaj lub gearbox. Yog li ntawd, lub cev muaj zog tsis tuaj yeem ua pa nws tus kheej. Kom txias nws, cua yog muab los ntawm lub kiv cua lub cev muaj zog.

Lub excitation windings ntawm lub traction motors nyob rau hauv lub regenerative braking hom yog powered los ntawm ib tug converter muaj xws li ib tug high-voltage motor thiab ib tug collector generator. Qhov siab tshaj plaws lub tshuab hluav taws xob tam sim no yog 800 amps. Ib tug ceev relay nyob rau ntawm lub exciter ncej, uas tig tawm lub cav nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug nce nyob rau hauv ceev. Lub excitation ntawm lub generator los ntawm lub roj teeb los ntawm ib tug resistor. Los ntawm kev txav tus brake kov ntawm tus maub los ntawm nws tus kheej, tus neeg tsav tsheb tuaj yeem txo qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm tus resistor. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov voltage generated los ntawm converter nce, raws li qhov voltage ntawm lub traction motors thiab lub braking force.

Nws raug tso cai ua lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntawm qhov siab txog li1200 meters saum toj no hiav txwv theem. Regenerative braking yog ua tau ntawm tag nrho peb cov kev sib txuas. Ua hauj lwm ntawm SMET system (ib txoj kab ke ntawm ntau lub tshuab hluav taws xob) tsuas yog muaj nyob rau xyoo 1983, nrog rau kev kho tshiab ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob.

Traction electric motors (TED) ntawm TL-2 qauv nrog kev txhawb nqa-axial ncua kev kawm ntawv muaj lub zog ntawm 650 kW txhua. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob VL10 tau tsim nrog 6 lub ntsiab thiab 6 tus ncej ntxiv. Xws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub zog cog xws li lub cav thav duab, cov kabmob tiv thaiv, armature ncej, txhuam cov cuab yeej thiab cov iav me me tau koom ua ke nrog TED ntawm VL60 hluav taws xob locomotive.

Lub zog hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, zoo ib yam hauv kev tsim rau VL8 hluav taws xob locomotive circuit, tso cai peb txoj hauv kev rau kev sib txuas traction motors:

1. Sequential.
2. Series-parallel.
3. Parallel.

VL10U

Txij li xyoo 1976, tsis yog tus qauv VL10, nws cov qauv hnyav tau pib tsim, rau lub npe ntawm qhov ntsuas "U" tau ntxiv. Vim lub installation ntawm cargo nyob rau hauv pem teb ntawm lub cev, lub load los ntawm lub wheelset ntawm lub rails nce los ntawm 23 mus rau 25 tf. Yog li, lub log ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau txais lub zog traction ntau dua nrog cov ntsia hlau, uas ua rau nws tuaj yeem thauj cov khoom hnyav dua. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab ib feem, hluav taws xob locomotive, raws li zoo raws li nws yooj yim version, tau koom ua ke nrog cov qauv ntawm VL80 tsev neeg. Raws li rau lub cev, lub hauv qab, nrog rau cov khoom tseem ceeb thiab pneumatic, lawv tau koom ua ke nrog cov qauv ntawm VL10. Hluav taws xob locomotive VL10U tawm ntawm cov kab sib dhos hauv tus nqi ntawm 979 daim ntawv. Lub locomotive tau tsimTbilisi cog, tab sis kuj tsim nyob rau hauv cov chaw ntawm Novocherkassk nroj tsuag. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias tus qauv no tseem nyob hauv TEVZ qauv ntau thiab tau ua kom xaj. Ob qhov kawg VL10U locomotives tau tsim nyob rau hauv 2005 los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Azerbaijan Railways.

VL10N

Tus qauv yog lub tshuab hluav taws xob uas tsis muaj lub tshuab hluav taws xob rov ua haujlwm, uas tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau Norilsk industrial railway, raws li qhia los ntawm "H" Performance index hauv lub npe. Ua los ntawm Tbilisi cog nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawm 1984 txog 1985. Lub sijhawm no, 10 lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau dov tawm ntawm cov kab sib dhos. Txog rau tam sim no, tag nrho cov ntawm lawv twb tau tso tseg lawm.

VL10R

Nyob rau xyoo 2001, Chelyabinsk Electric Locomotive Repair Plant tau hloov kho ib ntu ntawm VL10-523 thiab VL10-1867 hluav taws xob locomotives, hloov lawv mus rau hauv VL10P ib ntu ob-kab kab locomotives rau kev tsav tsheb ciav hlau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus qauv VL10P-523-1 khaws cov qub cab ntawm VL10 puag hluav taws xob locomotive. Thiab Model VL10P-1867-1 tau txais lub tsheb tshiab tshiab siv ntawm VL10K versions. Ib qho ntawm cov qauv tau muab pov tseg hauv xyoo 2012, thiab lwm qhov ib xyoos tom qab.

VL10K

Nyob rau xyoo 2010, Chelyabinsk Electric Locomotive Repair Plant upgraded VL10 locomotives. Cov kev hloov pauv tau cuam tshuam rau lub cabin thiab lub zog hluav taws xob. Tus neeg tsav tsheb tus maub los tau hloov nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob traction tswj raws li lub tshuab telemechanical ntawm ntau chav nyob. Pab pawg keyboards tau hloov los ntawm tus kheej contactors. Contactors ua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm kev sib txuas mus rauKev sib txuas ntawm traction motors VL10. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau txais lub sijhawm los ua haujlwm hauv 2, 3 thiab 4 ntu, nrog rau kev hloov pauv hloov pauv hauv kev sib txuas ntawm traction motors. Raws li rau cov neeg kho tshuab ib feem, cov cav tov pab thiab traction motors, lawv tsis tau hloov ntau.

Kev siv hluav taws xob locomotive VL10

Nyob rau xyoo 2010s, tib lub Chelyabinsk cog tau hloov kho ib ntu ntawm VL10-777 locomotive thiab ua lub tshuab hluav taws xob tawm ntawm nws. Cov khoom siv ntawm lub cav chav tsev tau raug tshem tawm, thiab chav tsev vacated tau rov nruab rau hauv cov neeg caij tsheb. Lub qhov rais dav tau nruab rau sab phab ntsa ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau, thiab lub qhov rooj pem hauv ntej tau txav mus rau tom qab ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau. Nyob rau hauv seem, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub qab nthab tshiab, muaj cov teeb rau cov teeb pom kev zoo, thiab cov ntxhuav nrog cov rooj zaum raug ntsia rau ntawm ob sab ntawm lub aisle. Qhov thib ob ntawm lub locomotive txuas ntxiv ua nws txoj haujlwm hluav taws xob locomotive. Tus qauv siv los thauj cov thawj coj ntawm South Ural Railway. Nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm nws tus kheej thiab nrog lub tsheb trailer. Xyoo 2013, hluav taws kub hnyiab tau tshwm sim ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb thaum tsav tsheb, vim tias nws tau raug tshem tawm.

4E10

Qhov no yog lub npe ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb-thiab-tsheb thauj khoom ib ntu ob-cabin locomotive, uas Tbilisi cog ua los ntawm cov khoom thauj ntawm VL10 qauv rau Georgian Railway. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, 15 xws li hluav taws xob locomotives tau tsim ntawm 2000 thiab 2008. Ntawm cov no, 14 qauv ua haujlwm hauv Georgia, ib qho raug xaj los ntawm cov neeg Lavxias. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov chaw tsim tshuaj paus tso lub 4E10 raws li ib tug freight electric locomotive, nyob rau hauv Georgia nws yog feem ntau siv rau.tsav tsheb neeg nrog caij tsheb ciav hlau. Qhov tseeb yog tias kev siv cov locomotives no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tso tawm hnyav hluav taws xob locomotives rau kev thauj mus los ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau thauj khoom.

Daim ntawv thov

Hnub no, VL10 yog lub ntsiab DC hluav taws xob locomotive siv rau kev thauj khoom thauj hauv CIS lub teb chaws. Zoo li ntau lwm lub tsheb thauj khoom, nws kuj yog siv los tsav cov neeg caij tsheb ciav hlau. Yuav luag txhua tus qauv ntawm VL10 hluav taws xob locomotive yog pleev xim ntsuab. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg caij tsheb qee zaum tau pleev xim rau hauv cov xim ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau muaj npe. Daim duab ntawm VL10 hluav taws xob locomotive yog tej zaum paub rau ntau, vim hais tias nws yog heev ntau nyob rau hauv domestic railways. Los ntawm txoj kev, ib zaug, VL10 ntu txawm sim siv los ua ib feem ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau hauv nroog.

Nyob zoo

Txij li xyoo 1975, tsim lub tshuab ua haujlwm VL11 tau tsim, uas tau tsim los ntawm tus qauv VL10 thiab tau txais ntau yam kev txhim kho. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim qauv tshiab tsis yog qhov ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm VL10 hluav taws xob locomotive thiab nws cov khoom siv, tab sis tsis muaj zog banal. Thaum pib, cov neeg tsim qauv xav kom yooj yim hloov kho ob-section locomotive ua haujlwm hauv peb ntu. Tom qab ntawd lawv tau sim muab qhov yooj yim VL10 version nrog lub zog tshiab. Txawm li cas los xij, ob qho tib si kev xaiv tsis muaj kev vam meej, thiab Tbilisi Electric Locomotive Plant tau teeb tsa txog kev tsim lub tsheb ciav hlau tshiab VL11, uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm ntau lub tshuab. Los ntawm 1975 txog 2015, 1346 locomotives ntawm no series tau tsim. Txog rau hnub no, lawv tuaj yeem pom ntawm cov kab tsheb ciav hlau sib txawv ntawm cov tebchaws ntawm CIS qub. Ntawm ib co ntawm lawvhluav taws xob locomotives VL11 kuj ua haujlwm nrog cov neeg caij tsheb ciav hlau.

Zoo kawg

Tom qab xav txog cov lus piav qhia ntawm VL10 hluav taws xob locomotive, peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias nws yeej yog qhov ua tiav ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv Soviet. Qhov no tau lees paub los ntawm qhov tseeb tias tus qauv tseem pom nyob rau hauv kev tsheb ciav hlau hauv tsev mus rau hnub no. Tau ntau tshaj li tsib xyoo lawm, kev ua haujlwm thiab kho ntawm VL10 hluav taws xob locomotives tau zoo heev uas lawv tsis maj sau lawv tawm.