Nylon yog cov khoom tshwj xeeb, tsis yog hloov rau cov ntaub ntuj

Cov txheej txheem:

Nylon yog cov khoom tshwj xeeb, tsis yog hloov rau cov ntaub ntuj
Nylon yog cov khoom tshwj xeeb, tsis yog hloov rau cov ntaub ntuj

Video: Nylon yog cov khoom tshwj xeeb, tsis yog hloov rau cov ntaub ntuj

Video: Nylon yog cov khoom tshwj xeeb, tsis yog hloov rau cov ntaub ntuj
Video: Tus me nkauj hmoob hauv kev npau suav by TUB LAUJ nkauj tawm tshiab. 4/29/23 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Hnub no, thaum cov neeg siv khoom feem ntau nyiam cov khaub ncaws ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntuj tsim, qhov kev ntshaw rau cov khoom siv uas tau ua rau lub ntiaj teb thiab cov neeg nyob hauv lub tebchaws Soviet thaum xyoo pua tsib caug thiab thaum ntxov rau xyoo pua XX yog qhov xav tsis thoob. Lub sijhawm ntawd, cov tsho ci ntsa iab thiab thom khwm tau coj "los ntawm hillock" yog qhov zam heev, dudes tau them nyiaj loj rau lawv, thiab ntxiv rau qhov zoo nkauj, lawv kuj pom lwm qhov zoo ntawm cov neeg siv khoom zoo.

Cov khoom no tau yooj yim ntxuav, lawv qhuav sai heev, lawv xyaum tsis xav tau ironing, thiab tsis tas li, lawv tsis tso. Nws zoo nkaus li tias nylon yog lub cim ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, yav tom ntej yog tom qab nws, lub sijhawm me ntsis yuav dhau mus, thiab tag nrho lub ntiaj teb yuav hnav cov khoom los ntawm cov khoom siv no.

nylon nws
nylon nws

tshuaj lom neeg

Qhov tseeb, hauv tsib caug nws tsis yog tshiab lawm. Yog tias koj nug tus kws tshuaj organic rau kev piav qhia, nws yuav teb tias, hauv qhov tseeb, nylon yog polyamide.

Yog tsis nkag mus rau hauv kev tshawb fawb subtleties, txhua tus neeg uas tau kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv tuaj yeem xav txog cov saw ntawm cov molecules, elongated nyob rau hauv ntev thiab muaj cov sib txuas zoo tib yam. Muab cov khoom siv rau qee yamCov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm cov qauv polymer tuaj yeem hloov pauv los ntawm kev ntxiv cov ceg ntoo thiab cov ntxig, tab sis, feem ntau, cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm nylon yog yooj yim heev, nws yog synthesized los ntawm peb yam ntuj tsim: huab cua, thee thiab dej. Lub monomer, uas yog, amide, ua ke nrog cov molecules zoo ib yam li nws tus kheej thiab tsim ib lub polymer uas muaj zog heev thiab resistant rau ntau hom kev aggressive influences.

nylon nws
nylon nws

Thaum nylons yog khoom kim heev

Thawj zaug, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv polymerization ntawm amide tau ua los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij los ntawm Asmeskas tuam txhab DuPont hauv xyoo 1930. Yuav luag ib xyoo caum tom qab, tib lub tuam txhab pib tsim cov poj niam lub hnab ntim khoom, uas ua rau nws lub npe tsis txawj tuag, thiab ua tsaug rau qhov nws tau ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo heev. Qhov no piquant daim ntawm cov poj niam wardrobe sai sai tau ua dab tsi lub feem ntau formidable dictators ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th ua tsis tau tejyam. Nylon stockings tau coj lub ntiaj teb los ntawm cua daj cua dub.

Nyob rau xyoo thaum ntxov ntawm DuPont txoj kev lag luam tshiab monopoly, cov khoom noj khoom haus no tau kim, xws li txoj cai ntawm kev lag luam. Tom qab ntawd cov neeg sib tw tau tshwm sim, thiab cov khoom lag luam tau dhau los ua khoom kim heev rau cov neeg nyob hauv lub tebchaws uas lawv tau tsim. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tau xav tias tom qab tsov rog Europe thiab hauv USSR.

polyester los yog nylon
polyester los yog nylon

Nylon thiab prewar expectations

Tib lub sijhawm, thaum Asmeskas cov khoom lag luam polymer tau taug kev hauv ntiaj teb, lwm yam, tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig thiab zoo nkauj tau tshwm sim hauv ntiaj teb kev nom kev tswv. Tib neeg tau sawv ntawm qhov pib ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev tua neeg loj heev. Kev tsov rog yav tom ntej xav tau kev pab, ntau yam. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tsim ntau pua thiab ntau pua lab tonscov khoom siv tub rog, suav nrog cov uas xav tau cov khoom siv ntuj tsim thiab kim raws li cov khoom siv raw. Thaum Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 1, parachutes tau ua los ntawm cov ntaub lo lo ntxhuav, thiab lub tsheb thiab lub dav hlau log tsheb tau ua los ntawm roj hmab. Muaj ob peb lub tsheb thiab dav hlau, thiab cov teb chaws sib ntaus sib tua tuaj yeem them tau cov khoom kim heev. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 30th, qhov ntim ntawm cov khoom siv tub rog tau nce ntau heev. Thiab tom qab ntawd nws tau muab tawm tias nylon tsis yog tsuas yog cov khoom siv rau cov hnab ntim khoom xwb.

nylon muaj pes tsawg leeg
nylon muaj pes tsawg leeg

khoom siv tswv yim

Kev siv tub rog ntawm cov polymer no tau ua pov thawj tias dav heev. Thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob thiab kev tsov rog tom qab, nws tau ua los ntawm ntau yam uas yuav tsum tau muaj fiber ntau. DuPont daim ntawv tshwj xeeb ntawm nylon yog hu ua Kevlar, thiab qhov tseeb tias nws yog tsib npaug zog dua hlau ua rau nws haum rau lub cev armor hnav los ntawm cov tub rog Asmeskas nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm Tsov Rog Nyab Laj.

Cov roj hmab ntuj tau dhau los ua cov khoom lag luam zoo txij li xyoo 1939, thiab nws txoj kev xa khoom los ntawm cov tebchaws Askiv tau nyuaj heev. Hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv, yav tas los ua los ntawm cov khoom siv ntuj tsim, nylon pib siv. Qhov no daws tau qhov teeb meem ntawm treads, cov tub rog khau khau thiab ntau lwm yam teeb meem.

Nyob rau tiam 21st, ntau yam txujci tau tshwm sim uas cov tiam dhau los tsis tau npau suav txog. Tom qab qhov kev tsim ntawm compact radars mounted rau aircraft, ships thiab missiles, cov lus nug tshwm sim ntawm tsim lub xov tooj cua-pob tshab radomes. Hlau, rau cov laj thawj pom tseeb, tsis haum rau lub hom phiaj no, nws tiv thaiv lub teeb liab. Feem ntau hauv cov xwm txheej nopolyester los yog nylon yog siv.

fiber ntau nylon
fiber ntau nylon

Thiab khaub ncaws ntau

Dej tsis kam yog qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khaub ncaws ua los ntawm cov ntaub polymer. Qhov tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv no "ua pa" ua rau ntau qhov tsis yooj yim, yam "hover". Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tshaj lij tau kawm los daws qhov teeb meem no los ntawm kev tsim cov membrane thiab perforated cov ntaub ntawv. Niaj hnub nimno nylon yog cov ntaub siv high-tech, qee zaum muaj peev xwm ntawm ib sab ntawm cov dej molecules, resistant (tsis zoo li cov analogues ntawm 40-60s) rau ultraviolet hluav taws xob thiab tshav kub.

Txawm li cas los xij, thaum ntxhua khaub ncaws ua los ntawm cov khoom siv no, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias nylon tsis zam cov tshuaj chlorine uas muaj nyob hauv ntau cov hmoov zoo heev. Koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj heev nrog ironing. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev tsis txaus no yuav raug tshem tawm sai sai los ntawm kev siv zog ntawm cov kws tshaj lij tshuaj lom neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom siv no.

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