2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28
Cov khoom ntws yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev tshawb fawb, kev tswj hwm thiab kev ua kom zoo hauv kev xa khoom. Nws sawv cev rau kev txav ntawm cov khoom muag hauv ob qho tib si hauv kev lag luam thiab sab nraud nws.
Logistics ntawm cov khoom ntws yog ib txoj hauv kev ntawm kev teeb tsa thiab tswj cov txheej txheem ntawm txhua theem ntawm kev tsim khoom kom thiaj li tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws.
Hom khoom thauj khoom ntws
Muaj ntau qhov kev faib tawm ntawm cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li no. Thawj yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm tus cwj pwm rau lub logistics system. Nws suav nrog peb hom kev ntws:
- input;
- hnub so;
- internal;
- external.
Thawj yog qhov ntws uas nkag mus rau hauv kev xa khoom los ntawm ib puag ncig sab nraud. Nws yog txiav txim los ntawm cov qauv hauv qab no: cov lej ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom ntws faib los ntawm kev ua haujlwm unloading.
Cov khoom tso tawm ntws, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nkag mus rau sab nraud ib puag ncig los ntawm kev lag luam. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab nws qhov taw qhia, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov khoom xa mus rau cov chaw muag khoom thiab cov khw muag khoom lag luam.
Internal flow yog tsim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm qee yamnrog kev xa khoom hauv ib lub koom haum tsim khoom lossis logistics system. Cov khoom siv sab nraud muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov haujlwm ntawm lub koom haum, nrog rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev muag khoom lossis cov koom haum.
Kev faib tawm ntawm cov khoom ntws los ntawm cov npe thiab kev sib tw
tus yam ntxwv no tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam nrog txhua yam khoom lag luam. Cov khoom ntws tuaj yeem yog ib qho khoom thiab ntau yam khoom. Thawj hom yog hais txog cov khoom ntawm ib hom, qhov thib ob - rau ntau yam khoom.
Raws li assortment, cov ntws tau muab cais ua ib qho kev sib tw thiab ntau yam khoom. Lawv txawv ntawm cov khoom tuaj lossis cov khoom tawm.
Kev faib cov khoom ntws los ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg
Cov khoom thauj ntau yog cov khoom thauj ntawm pob zeb lossis roob hauv paus. Cov no suav nrog xuab zeb, ore, thee, ntuj agglomerates thiab ntau ntxiv.
Cov khoom thauj ntau - cov khoom thauj tsis muaj ntim. Cov no yog nplej thiab cereals, nrog rau lwm yam khoom zoo sib xws.
Cov khoom ua kua yog thauj hauv lub tank, tankers. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev xa khoom thiab kev thauj mus los yog tsis yooj yim sua yam tsis muaj kev tshwj xeeb txhais tau tias.
Cov khoom ntim - cov khoom lag luam muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov khoom siv. Nws yog thauj hauv ntim, hnab, thawv, tsis muaj ntim.
Lwm yam khoom ntws cais
Ntau yam ntawm cov khoom lag luam txav txav chawpab khaws cov ntaub ntawv sau nyiaj kom raug.
Cov khoom siv thauj khoom ntws tau muab faib ua raws li cov hauv qab no:
- Nyob rau hauv qhov ntau. Bulk - tshwm thaum ib pawg loj ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj. Me me - kev xa khoom me me ntawm cov khoom lag luam nrog tsawg kawg ntawm lub tsheb thauj khoom. Loj - kev xa khoom ntawm cov khoom yog nqa los ntawm ob peb lub wagons lossis tsheb. Nruab nrab - cov khoom uas los ntawm kev thauj mus los los ntawm lub tsheb me lossis ib lub wagons.
- Los ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus. Lub teeb yuag tsis ua rau nws tuaj yeem siv tag nrho lub peev xwm nqa ntawm lub tsheb. Rau cov tsheb hnyav, siv lub peev xwm nqa tau ntawm lub tsheb.
- Raws li qib kev sib raug zoo. Compatibility thiab incompatibility ntawm cov khoom thaum lub sij hawm kev thauj mus los, ua thiab cia yog muab rau hauv tus account.
Lub koom haum raug ntawm cov khoom ntws yog raws li kev faib tawm tshiab. Cia peb ua piv txwv. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum xa cov khoom siv mis nyuj los ntawm lub tsev rau khoom mus rau cov khw muag khoom. Nrog rau nws, cov khoom qab zib yuav raug xa mus. Cov xwm txheej thiab txee lub neej ntawm cov khoom no txawv. Qhov no txhais tau tias lawv tsis tuaj yeem thauj khoom rau hauv ib lub tsheb.
Txoj cai tswj cov khoom ntws
Muaj ntau yam uas cuam tshuam rau kev npaj kom raug ntawm kev xa khoom ntawm cov khoom. Cov khoom ntws ntawm txhua hom sib raug rau cov ntaub ntawv ntws.
Cov khoom siv khiav dej num yog ua raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus hauv qab no: kev thauj mus los dav dav thiab cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Lawv, hauv lawvtig tau faib raws li hauv qab no:
- System mus kom ze - siv thaum xav txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev xa khoom. Lub hom phiaj yog txhawm rau txhim kho cov khoom ntws thiab ua kom tau nyiaj ntau tshaj.
- Txoj cai ntawm cov nqi sib xws - khaws cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntws. Lub luag haujlwm yog txhawm rau txheeb xyuas tus nqi ntawm kev tswj xyuas qhov system logistics.
- Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua kom zoo thoob ntiaj teb yog kev ua kom zoo thiab kev tswj xyuas cov khoom ntws los ntawm kev sib koom tes ntawm cov saw hlau hauv zos.
- Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm txoj kev xav ntawm kev lag luam tawm rau kev rov faib cov nqi yog lub koom haum raug cai ntawm cov txheej txheem logistics nruab nrab ntawm txhua qhov system.
- Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev nyuaj. Siv los tsim thiab txhim kho kev tswj xyuas logistics.
- Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib koom tes thiab kev sib koom ua ke. Qhov no yog qhov ua tiav ntawm kev ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj ntawm txhua tus neeg koom nrog hauv kev xa khoom ntawm kev tsim khoom lag luam.
- Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tswj hwm tag nrho. Nws ua kom muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab ruaj khov ntawm txhua lub hauv paus ntawm kev xa khoom.
- Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua qauv yog siv los tsim, txheeb xyuas, teeb tsa cov txheej txheem logistics hauv ntau cov chains ntawm qhov system.
- Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm sustainability thiab adaptability. Lub logistics system yuav tsum ua haujlwm ruaj khov. Tau kawm txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov tsis zoo, nws muaj peev xwm tsim kom muaj logistics ntawm txhua lub lag luam.
- Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ncaj ncees yog los xyuas kom meej cov ntaub ntawv kev koom tes ntawm txhua qhov hauv lub cev.
Khoom ntws systemraws li kaum lub ntsiab cai no. Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias nws txoj haujlwm ib txwm muaj, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau siv lwm cov ntsuas thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev xa khoom.
Material flow management
Kev lag luam ruaj khov ntawm kev tsim khoom lag luam yog ua tsis tau yam tsis muaj kev tsim khoom zoo. Muaj ob txoj hauv kev tswj cov khoom ntws: thawb thiab ntws.
Thawj txoj kev xav tias kev tsim cov khoom pib, yog nqa tawm thiab xaus rau tib theem ntawm cov kab ntau lawm, nyob ntawm qhov system logistics. Txhua qhov kev ua yog kev sib koom ua ke. Kev hloov ntawm cov khoom tshwm sim ntawm cov lus txib los ntawm ib lub chaw tswj xyuas tshwj xeeb. Lub vev xaib muaj cov phiaj xwm tshwj xeeb thiab cov cim tsim khoom. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub kaw lus ua haujlwm sib cais, tab sis sib cuam tshuam.
Cov txheej txheem tam sim no yog qhov tseeb tias txhua qhov nyiaj (cov khoom siv raw, cov khoom siv, cov khoom tiav, thiab lwm yam) tuaj rau ntawm qhov chaw raws li xav tau. Tsis muaj centralized tswj nyob rau hauv no system. Nws ua rau muaj kev txo qis hauv cov khoom muag, vim tias kev txav ntawm cov khoom ntws los ntawm tsuas yog ob peb lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev xa khoom.
Piv txwv ntawm kev thawb cov khoom siv logistics ntws
Qhov no yog qhov kwv yees ntws qauv: ntau lawm - ntim - shipping.
Raws li txoj cai, hauv kev tsim khoom lag luam loj, cov txheej txheem cov khoom ntws suav nrog ntau dua 10 lub ntsiab lus:
- rhiav rau kev yuav khoom raw;
- rhiav rau nws cov txheej txheem;
- khw muag khoom ntau yam;
- lub cev saib xyuas;
- khw muag khoom;
- pob khoom txuas thiab lwm yam.
Nws tag nrho yog nyob ntawm hom khoom tsim, nrog rau nws cov yam ntxwv.
Pom zoo:
Siv cov txheej txheem se yooj yim: cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov txheej txheem, daim ntawv thov txheej txheem
Kab lus no tshawb txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sau se nrov tshaj plaws - yooj yim. Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov system, cov xwm txheej ntawm daim ntawv thov, kev hloov pauv thiab kev tshem tawm tau nthuav tawm. Cov nqi sib txawv raug txiav txim siab rau cov khoom sib txawv ntawm kev them se
Tsev noj mov lub tswv yim: kev tshawb nrhiav kev lag luam, kev txhim kho, cov tswv yim npaj txhij nrog cov piv txwv, piav qhia, ntawv qhia zaub mov, tsim thiab qhib lub tswv yim lub tsev noj mov
Kab lus no yuav pab koj nkag siab yuav ua li cas npaj cov lus piav qhia ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm lub tsev noj mov thiab koj yuav tsum xav txog dab tsi thaum tsim nws. Nws tseem yuav ua tau kom paub txog cov piv txwv ntawm cov tswv yim npaj txhij uas tuaj yeem ua kev tshoov siab los tsim lub tswv yim ntawm kev qhib lub tsev noj mov
Kev haus luam yeeb txias tshuab: lub tswv yim ntawm cov txheej txheem, kev tsim kho lub tsev haus luam yeeb, cov cai tseem ceeb ntawm kev haus luam yeeb thiab kev npaj zaub mov
Thaum ua noj ntses lossis nqaij hauv lub tebchaws, yog tias xav tau, koj tuaj yeem siv tshuab haus luam yeeb txias. Siv cov txheej txheem no, nws yuav tsis yooj yim kom tau txais cov khoom qab zib heev hauv tsev. Txawm li cas los xij, kom haus cov ntses, nqaij lossis hnyuv ntxwm hauv txoj kev txias, tau kawg, koj yuav tsum ua kom raug
Cov ntaub ntawv ntws hauv kev xa khoom yog Lub tswv yim thiab kev faib tawm, cov yam ntxwv thiab cov piv txwv
Cov ntaub ntawv logistics cuam tshuam nrog lub koom haum ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntws uas nrog cov khoom muaj nqis hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm lawv txoj kev txav mus los. Nws tso cai rau koj los txuas cov khoom siv, kev tsim khoom thiab kev muag khoom. Cov ntaub ntawv ntws hauv logistics yog ib qho cuab yeej rau kev tswj cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txav mus los thiab kev cia khoom ntawm cov khoom
Kuv puas xav tau daim ntawv teev nyiaj ntsuab rau cov neeg ua lag luam nrog cov txheej txheem se yooj yim? Yuav ua li cas rau npe thiab siv daim ntawv sau nyiaj ntsuab rau cov neeg ua lag luam nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem se yooj yim?
Kab lus piav qhia txog cov kev xaiv rau kev ua cov nyiaj tsis muaj kev koom nrog cov ntawv sau nyiaj ntsuab (CCT)
