Supply chain: koom haum, qauv, kev ua haujlwm thiab nta

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Cov saw hlau yog cov kauj ruam uas lub tuam txhab siv los hloov cov khoom nyoos rau hauv cov khoom tiav thiab xa mus rau cov neeg siv khoom. Supply Chain Management (SCM) yog cov txheej txheem siv los ntawm lub tuam txhab los xyuas kom meej qhov ua tau zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm nws cov saw hlau thiab lub tuam txhab ua haujlwm tag nrho.

Stages

Ib tus qauv zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo yog tus qauv kev tswj hwm cov saw hlau (SCOR), tsim los pab cov neeg tswj hwm kom txhim kho lawv txoj kev tswj hwm cov saw hlau. Tus qauv SCOR muaj tsib theem: kev npaj, kev tsim kho, tsim khoom, xa khoom, xa rov qab.

theem pib ntawm cov txheej txheem xa khoom yog theem npaj. Ib txoj kev npaj lossis lub tswv yim yuav tsum tau tsim los txiav txim siab seb cov khoom thiab cov kev pabcuam twg yuav ua tau raws li qhov xav tau thiab ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Nyob rau theem no, kev npaj yuav tsum tau tsom mus rau kev tsim lub tswv yim uas tau txais txiaj ntsig ntau tshaj plaws. Tom qab kev npaj, cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog kev txhim kho. Nyob rau theem no, feem ntautsom rau kev tsim kom muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov neeg muag khoom ntawm cov khoom siv raw uas xav tau rau kev tsim khoom. Qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog hais txog kev txheeb xyuas cov neeg muab kev ntseeg siab, tab sis kuj hais txog kev txheeb xyuas cov txheej txheem sib txawv rau kev teem sijhawm, xa khoom, thiab them nyiaj rau cov khoom. Yog li, nyob rau theem no, cov thawj coj ntawm cov khoom lag luam yuav tsum tsim cov txheej txheem rau tus nqi, kev xa khoom thiab kev them nyiaj nrog cov neeg muag khoom, nrog rau tsim cov xwm txheej rau kev tswj hwm thiab kev sib txuas lus. Thaum kawg, cov neeg tswj xyuas cov saw hlau tuaj yeem muab tag nrho cov txheej txheem no los ua lawv cov khoom thiab cov kev pabcuam. Qhov kev ua no suav nrog kev txais thiab tshuaj xyuas cov khoom xa tuaj, xa mus rau cov chaw tsim khoom, thiab tso cai rau cov neeg muag khoom them nyiaj.

Kauj Ruam thib peb hauv cov txheej txheem kev tswj hwm cov khoom lag luam yog kev tsim lossis tsim cov khoom xa tuaj rau cov neeg siv khoom. Thaum lub sij hawm no, cov khoom raug kuaj, ntim, thiab synced rau tus me nyuam. Ntawm no, lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm cov khoom lag luam yog npaj txhua yam haujlwm uas yuav tsum tau ua rau kev tsim khoom, kuaj, ntim thiab npaj rau kev xa khoom. Cov theem no tau pom tias yog qhov kev ntsuas nruj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv, uas cov tuam txhab tuaj yeem ntsuas cov qib zoo, kev ua tau zoo, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm.

theem plaub yog theem xa khoom. Ntawm no, cov khoom raug xa mus rau cov neeg siv khoom ntawm qhov chaw xaiv los ntawm tus neeg muag khoom. Cov theem no yog qhov pib theem logistical thaum cov neeg xaj xaj tau txais thiab xa cov khoom raug teem sijhawm. Lub sij hawm xa khoom feem ntau hu ua logistics, qhov twg cov tuam txhab koom tes tau txais kev txiav txim los ntawmcov neeg siv khoom, tsim lub network ntawm cov chaw khaws khoom, xaiv cov neeg nqa khoom xa khoom rau cov neeg siv khoom, thiab teeb tsa cov ntawv xa nyiaj kom tau txais cov nyiaj them poob haujlwm.

Them kawg thiab kawg ntawm kev tswj cov saw hlau yog hu ua rov qab. Nyob rau theem, cov khoom puas lossis puas raug xa rov qab rau tus neeg xa khoom los ntawm tus neeg siv khoom. Qhov no yog qhov chaw uas tuam txhab lag luam yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov neeg siv khoom thov thiab teb rau lawv cov lus tsis txaus siab, thiab lwm yam. Cov theem no feem ntau yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm cov saw hlau rau ntau lub tuam txhab. Cov phiaj xwm muab khoom siv yuav tsum nrhiav kom muaj kev sib txuas lus nrawm thiab hloov pauv kom lees txais cov khoom puas, puas, thiab cov khoom ntxiv rov qab los ntawm lawv cov neeg siv khoom thiab pab txhawb cov txheej txheem xa rov qab rau cov neeg siv khoom uas pom tias muaj teeb meem xa khoom.

Functions

Department of Quality Customer Service. Qhov no yog thawj lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev tswj cov saw hlau. Nws hais txog kev yuav khoom ntawm cov khoom siv raw thiab lwm yam khoom siv los tsim khoom. Qhov no yuav tsum muaj kev sib koom tes nrog cov neeg muag khoom kom xa cov ntaub ntawv yam tsis muaj kev ncua thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem hauv cov saw hlau kom ua tiav txoj haujlwm.

Kev ua haujlwm

Pab neeg ua haujlwm cuam tshuam nrog kev thov npaj thiab kev kwv yees. Ua ntej muab qhov kev txiav txim rau kev muab cov khoom siv raw, lub koom haum yuav tsum cia siab tias yuav tsum tau ua lag luam xav tau thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tau ua. Raws li, nws kuj teev lub zog ntawm lub pob rau kev tswj cov khoom muag, ntau lawm thiab xa khoom. Yog xav tauxav tias, qhov no yuav ua rau cov nqi khoom muag ntau dhau. Yog tias xav tau, lub koom haum yuav tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau, ua rau poob nyiaj tau los. Yog li, txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj cov saw hlau.

Logistics

Qhov kev tswj xyuas cov saw hlau no yuav tsum muaj kev sib koom tes ntau. Kev tsim cov khoom tau pib. Nws xav tau qhov chaw khaws cia kom txog thaum nws xa khoom xa tuaj. Qhov no yuav tsum tau tsim cov ntawv cog lus hauv zos warehouse. Cia peb hais tias cov khoom yuav tsum tau xa tawm sab nraud ntawm lub nroog, xeev, lossis lub tebchaws. Qhov no ua rau kev thauj mus los hauv ib lub voj voog. Kuj tseem yuav muaj qhov xav tau rau kev khaws cia ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg. Logistics xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom xa mus txog qhov kawg yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam.

Kev tswj hwm

Txhua qhov kev tsim khoom siv cov khoom siv raw, thev naus laus zis, sijhawm thiab kev ua haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, tag nrho cov txheej txheem yuav tsum ua kom zoo thiab ua tau zoo. Cov theem no yog coj los ntawm pab pawg tswj xyuas cov peev txheej. Nws txiav txim siab faib cov peev txheej hauv cov haujlwm uas yog lub sijhawm los txhim kho kev tsim khoom ntawm tus nqi txo.

Information flow management

Kev sib qhia thiab kev tshaj tawm yog qhov muaj zog tiag tiag rau tag nrho lwm yam kev tswj hwm cov saw hlau. Yog tias cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm thiab kev sib txuas lus tsis zoo, nws tuaj yeem tawg tag nrho cov saw hlau thiab ua rau kev tswj tsis raug.

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov zooua haujlwm

1. Cov neeg ua haujlwm sab hauv (kev tswj hwm kev hloov pauv).

Kom tau txais cov neeg muaj feem tseem ceeb txaus siab xaiv koj lub tuam txhab thiab hloov txoj kev txhim kho kom zoo dua qub, koj yuav tsum hloov pauv los ntawm lo lus nug "Vim li cas hloov?" rau "Yuav hloov pauv leej twg yuav ua tus saib xyuas cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb?"

Kev tswj hwm hloov pauv tsis tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev lawm: koj yuav tsum koom nrog ntau tus neeg tuaj saib hauv kev sib txuas lus thiab kev npaj ua ntej ntawm qhov project.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev sib txuas lus nrog cov pab pawg thiab cov tib neeg uas yuav cuam tshuam tshaj plaws los ntawm cov kev hloov pauv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv ntej uas ua tiav cov txheej txheem thiab ua haujlwm txhua hnub. Kev sab laj thaum ntxov thiab suav nrog yog qhov tseem ceeb rau txhua tus neeg muaj feem cuam tshuam, tab sis tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg ua haujlwm pem hauv ntej, vim tias lawv yog cov uas tuaj yeem pom qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv uas tuaj yeem txiav txim siab ntau dua.

2. Graph of success.

Ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los teeb tsa koj lub koom haum kom muaj kev vam meej thaum saib xyuas kev siv cov saw hlau yog tsim thiab tswj xyuas lub sijhawm. Raws li koj paub, kev tswj hwm txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb suav nrog kev tswj hwm peb yam: cov peev txheej, sijhawm, thiab cov peev txheej.

Qhia kev hloov pauv hauv theem yog lwm txoj hauv kev zoo los txo kev pheej hmoo. Qhov no tso cai rau pab pawg ua haujlwm tsom mus rau cov haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo yam tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab ib ntus ntawm cov ces kaum. Qhov no pab tsim kom muaj lub zog zoo thaum qhov project nyob ntawm lub sijhawm, ncav cuagqhov tseem ceeb thiab xa cov txiaj ntsig tau zoo ib kauj ruam zuj zus.

3. Kev koom tes nrog tus neeg muag khoom.

Kev koom tes thiab kev lees txais yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau txhua qhov kev sib koom tes: kev ua tiav ntawm koj qhov system yog ncaj qha cuam tshuam nrog kev txaus siab ntawm koj cov neeg siv khoom siv. Yog tias koj yog ntses loj hauv lub pas dej me me, koj cov neeg xa khoom feem ntau yog "npaj" ntau dua los koom tes thiab siv koj lub cev. SMBs tsis muaj qhov zoo dua, yog li lawv yuav tsum siv nws me ntsis ntxiv. Rau lawv, ua kom yooj yim rau kev siv thiab ntxiv tus nqi rau cov neeg xa khoom yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Txawm hais tias lub tuam txhab loj npaum li cas, rau qhov kev vam meej mus ntev ntawm cov saw hlau, yuav tsum muaj txiaj ntsig rau txhua tog. Ob tog yuav tsum xav tias lawv tuaj yeem nyob ntawm ib leeg, thiab qhov no yog ntau tshaj li qhov ua tau zoo rau qhov kawg. Qhov no txhim kho qhov nrawm, qhov ua tau zoo thiab kev tsim khoom ntawm kev ua haujlwm.

Logistics thiab kev sib koom ua ke cov saw hlau

Qhov no yog txheej txheem uas txhua theem los ntawm cov khoom siv raw mus rau kev tsim khoom, kev tswj kom zoo rau ntim, xa tawm lossis xa mus rau qhov kawg xa khoom yog monolithic thiab sib cais. Qhov no yog ib daim ntawv teev npe ntawm ntau yam txheej txheem uas tuaj yeem ua tiav kev tswj hwm ntawm ib lub tuam txhab lossis ntau tus neeg koom tes uas tau tuaj koom ua ke los tswj cov txheej txheem kev sib koom ua ke. Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov saw hlau muaj ntau qhov txiaj ntsig, uas yog vim li cas cov tuam txhab feem ntau tau hloov mus rau kev tswj cov saw hlau sib xyaw.

Kev tswj cov khoom siv hauvkoom haum

Kev tswj cov saw hlau hauv ib lub koom haum yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav tag nrho ntawm lub tuam txhab thiab cov neeg siv khoom txaus siab. Nws suav nrog txhua yam dej num uas ua rau muaj kev vam meej los ntawm kev npaj pib, kev tswj hwm txhua yam dej num thiab kev lag luam mus rau kev yuav khoom thiab kev xa khoom (kev thauj mus los, kev tswj hwm tsev khaws khoom, kev tswj cov khoom muag, thiab lwm yam), kev lag luam kev lag luam, nrog rau kev sib koom tes thiab kev koom tes ntawm txhua tus neeg koom tes. nyob rau hauv cov saw saw ntawm cov neeg muab khoom (outsourcing) thiab cov chaw muab kev pabcuam thiab cov neeg siv khoom.

Vertical integration

Qhov no yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev nthuav koj cov kev tswj hwm ntawm ntau theem ntawm kev tsim khoom. Koj tuaj yeem siv kev sib koom ua ke rov qab, kev sib koom ua ntej, lossis ob qho tib si, nyob ntawm koj cov peev txheej thiab cov hom phiaj.

Production chain concept

Tus nqi saw yog tag nrho ntawm cov haujlwm tsim khoom uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua cov khoom siv raw mus rau kev hloov cov khoom tiav mus rau kev lag luam. Michael E. Porter, tus kws tshaj lij kev lag luam uas paub zoo, txheeb xyuas cov haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab theem nrab uas yog thawj theem ntawm kev tsim nqi. Cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig ncaj qha rau kev tsim muaj txiaj ntsig thiab tuaj yeem suav nrog kev xa khoom, kev txhawb nqa khoom thiab kev pabcuam tomqab muag. Cov dej num thib ob yog txhawb nqa cov cuab yeej xws li cov neeg ua haujlwm, kev tsim kho vaj tse thiab kev yuav khoom.

Kab rov tav integration

Qhov no yog kev nthuav dav ntawm kev lag luam ntawm tib lub ntsiab lus hauv cov khoom lag luam, txawm nyob hauv tib lub lag luam lossisciam teb ntawm nws. Lub tuam txhab tuaj yeem ua tiav kev loj hlob los ntawm kev nthuav dav sab hauv. Qhov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum tus neeg muag khoom nce ntau yam khoom uas nws muag hauv ib pawg. Piv txwv li, lub khw txiav plaub hau uas muag cov tshuaj zawv plaub hau tsawg kawg yuav ntxiv lwm lub npe rau lawv cov tshuaj zawv plaub hau kom rov hais dua rau cov neeg siv khoom dav thiab ntau haiv neeg.

Merge

Lub tuam txhab tseem tuaj yeem muab kev sib koom ua ke kab rov tav los ntawm kev txuas ntxiv sab nraud. Qhov no yog ua tiav los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke nrog lwm lub tuam txhab ntawm tib theem ntawm kev tsim khoom. Qhov no tuaj yeem tso cai rau lub tuam txhab sib txawv rau hauv cov khoom lag luam ntxiv tab sis heterogeneous. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias cov khoom lag luam muag zoo sib xws, kev sib koom ua ke yog suav tias yog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov neeg sib tw. Kev sib koom ua ke yog hu ua monopoly, thaum tag nrho cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm ib yam khoom lossis kev pabcuam sib koom ua ke, thiab oligopoly, thaum cov tuam txhab tsim khoom feem ntau sib koom ua ntau lub koom haum loj.

Logistics thiab cov saw hlau: cov tsev kawm qib siab uas koj tuaj yeem kawm lawv

Muaj ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab hauv Moscow uas qhia txog kev thauj mus los. Peb coj los rau koj saib cov npe ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv uas muab kev kawm zoo hauv qhov profile no:

1. MIIT. Muaj ib tug kws qhia ntawv hu ua "International Transport Logistics and Supply Chain Management", thiab muaj "Transport Logistics". Qhov txawv yog tias nyob rau hauv thawj kws qhia ntawv, cov tub ntxhais kawm kawm nyob rau hauv qhov tob ob txawv teb chawslus. Qhov kev taw qhia thib ob yog npaj rau cov neeg thov uas muaj lub siab xav ua lej.
2. HSE, Logistics thiab Supply Chain Management.
3. MGAVT, kws qhia ntawv "Technology of transport processes".
4. GTU npe tom qab N. E. Bauman, kws qhia ntawv "Management. Industrial logistics".
5. PRUE npe tom G. V. Plekhanov, kws qhia ntawv "Logistics. Management".
6. MADI, Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Kev Tswj Xyuas Khoom Muag.
7. GUU, kws qhia ntawv "Logistics thiab tswj kev thauj mus los".

Zaj lus

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj kev npaj txhim kho cov khoom siv sib txuas:

• Koj tsim kev cia siab thiab kev pom rau lub koom haum uas ua tau, muaj txiaj ntsig, thiab yuav txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm tag nrho lub koom haum.
• Koj xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom muaj nqis thiab cov peev txheej tsim nyog muaj.
• Koj tab tom synchronizing lub koom haum qhov kev ua tau zoo tag nrho cov haujlwm.

Lub kaw lus yog qhov yooj yim heev thiab xav tau qhov siab tshaj plaws thiab kev xav hauv nws qhov kev siv.