Far Eastern Railway: keeb kwm thiab yam ntxwv

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Lub Far Eastern Railway yog cov neeg caij tsheb loj thiab cov hlab ntsha thauj khoom txuas rau nruab nrab ntawm Russia nrog cov cheeb tsam uas nyob ib sab ntawm Dej Hiav Txwv Pacific. Tam sim no, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev loj no nyuaj rau overestimate. Ntau tshaj li ib puas xyoo ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Far Eastern Railway yog qhov txaus siab tsis yog rau cov neeg nyiam xwb, tab sis kuj rau txhua tus neeg uas mob siab rau yav dhau los ntawm peb lub teb chaws.

Saib yav dhau los

Lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau tshiab tau tshwm sim ntev dhau los - kev sib txuas lus tau ntev dhau lawm, kev xa khoom mus rau thaj chaw deb ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman nyuaj. Xyoo 1886, cov thawj coj ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj Siberia thiab thaj av Amur tau tshaj tawm cov lus pom zoo los tso ob peb txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau los ntawm Tomsk thiab Vladivostok mus rau thaj chaw nyob deb. Los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm xyoo 1887, qhov kev pom zoo no twb tau txiav txim siab ntawm lub rooj sib tham ntawm cov thawj coj, thiab kev tshawb fawb engineering tau raug xa mus rau thaj tsam ntawm Siberia yav qab teb los txiav txim siab txog qhov ua tau ntawm qhov project no thiab kawm txog lub sijhawm ntawm nws qhov kev siv.

Pioneer thiab Engineer

Lub Far Eastern Railway tshuav nqi ntau rau ib tus thawj engineers. Thawj tus tsim lub npeTxoj kev Far Eastern txoj kev loj tau hloov mus ua undeservedly tsis nco qab lawm. Tab sis nws yog Alexander Ivanovich Ursati uas muaj lub meej mom ntawm tus thawj mus rau tag nrho cov ntev taug kev los ntawm Grafskoye mus rau Vladivostok. Ua nws txoj kev taug kev ntawm kev tsis tuaj yeem nyob rau ntau txoj hauv kev rau cov zos me thiab cov chaw nyob deb nroog, tus kws tshaj lij kev sib txuas lus tau tsim ib txoj hauv kev thiab kawm txog thaj chaw uas Far Eastern Railway yuav dhau mus. Hmoov tsis zoo, txog niaj hnub no, tsis muaj ib qho chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau tau muab npe rau nws.

Kev nqis tes ua haujlwm

Thaum xub thawj, txoj kab tsheb ciav hlau tau npaj hu ua Ussuriyskaya. Nws tau txais lub npe no los ntawm tus dej loj Ussuri, uas ntws los ntawm thaj chaw loj ntawm Primorsky Territory - los ntawm Khabarovsk mus rau Vladivostok. Cais, ob ntu ntawm txoj kev loj tau npaj tseg: ceg ntoo North-Ussuriyskaya npog ntu ntawm st. Grafskoy rau Khabarovsk. Sab qab teb tau npaj khiav los ntawm tib lub chaw nres tsheb mus rau Vladivostok. Kev tso cai ntawm thawj txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1891, hauv Vladivostok, nyob rau ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm pawg nom tswv. Lub hauv paus pob zeb ntawm Vladivostok railway chaw nres tsheb tau nteg los ntawm Tsarevich Nicholas, yav tom ntej Emperor ntawm Russia Nicholas II.

thawj ntu

Xyoo 1892, Russia pib tsim kev tsheb ciav hlau ncaj qha. O. P. Vyazemsky, ib tug paub txog builder uas tau ua hauj lwm rau peb caug xyoo nyob rau hauv ntau lub cheeb tsam ntawm Russia, tau raug xaiv los ua tus thawj coj ntawm qhov project. Hauv qee ntu ntawm txoj kev loj, kev ua haujlwm tau qhia kom ua tiav los ntawm cov kawm tiav ntawm St. Petersburg Institute of Railway Engineers. Rautxhawm rau muab cov khoom tsim nyog, cov kev pabcuam av tau muab tso, uas tom qab ntawd los ua cov hlab ntsha tseem ceeb rau tag nrho Primorsky Territory.

Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb tam sim no tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev muab kev tsim kho nrog lub zog ua haujlwm. Muaj cov neeg nyob hauv zos tsawg dhau - lawv yuav tsum nyiam cov neeg raug kaw raug kaw thiab tub rog. Los ntawm 1895, tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg raug txim rau txim txhaum cai thiab nom tswv yog li 11 txhiab tus neeg. Cov chaw pw hauv chaw pw tau tsim rau lawv, suav nrog barracks, thaj chaw rau cov neeg zov, da dej, tsev noj mov thiab saib ntauwd. Raws li rau cov tub rog, lawv tau thauj los ntawm hiav txwv raws txoj kev ntev yav qab teb los ntawm Odessa hla Atlantic thiab Dej Hiav Txwv Khab. Lub voyage tau siv sij hawm ntau lub hlis, nrog rau kev sib kis ntawm kev kub ntxhov. Qhov chaw kawg yog Vladivostok.

Ua tsaug rau cov tub rog thiab cov neeg raug kaw uas tsis ua haujlwm rau tus kheej, los ntawm 1894 South Ussuri ceg ntawm txoj kev tau muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm, thiab peb xyoos tom qab ntawd sab qaum teb ntawm txoj kev tau ua tiav. Lub Far Eastern Railway, uas nws cov chaw nres tsheb npog thaj tsam Amur thiab Far East, pib muaj.

chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau

Tus thawj version ntawm txoj kev qub Ussuri muaj 39 chaw nres tsheb. Ntawm lawv yog Ruzhino chaw nres tsheb, nrhiav tau los ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Ukraine, st. Manzovka (tam sim no Sibirtsevo), st. Busse, muaj npe tom qab tus tub ceev xwm Lavxias thiab tus neeg tshawb nrhiav ntawm thaj av Far Eastern N. V. Busse. Tsis txhob hnov qab topography thiab engineerscov neeg tsim khoom: cov ntu ntawm Khabarovsk mus rau Bikin tau muab npe tom qab L. M. Rozengard, V. S. Ilovaisky, V. V. Gedike. Thiab tam sim no, Far Eastern Railway muaj 358 qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm ntau ntu ntawm txoj kev khiav.

Kev lag luam thiab thaj chaw yam ntxwv ntawm Far Eastern Railway

Tam sim no, Far Eastern Railway muaj txog 7,470 km ntawm tag nrho cov kab ntev, ntawm 6,000 km tau ua haujlwm tas li. Raws li thaj chaw, txoj kev loj no hla ntawm thaj tsam ntawm tsib thaj tsam Far Eastern - Amur Autonomous Okrug, thaj chaw Yudais Autonomous Region, Primorsky thiab Khabarovsk Territories, nws cov ceg tseem nyob hauv Republic of Sakha. Nws txuas nws lub hwj chim mus rau lwm thaj tsam ntawm Far East. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, tshaj 40% ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation yog nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub hwj chim ntawm Far Eastern Railway.

Lub Far Eastern Railway ciam teb ntawm Khani Chaw nres tsheb nrog East Siberian Railway, thiab ntawm Shturm thiab Arkhara Chaw nres tsheb nws koom nrog Zabaiskalskaya Railway. Raws li nws tag nrho ntev, txoj kev tau muab faib ua plaub ntu, uas tau saib xyuas los ntawm ntau lub tuam tsev koom ua ke nyob rau hauv kev txhawb nqa ntawm Far Eastern Railway. Khabarovsk - ceg NOD1, Vladivostok - NOD2, Komsomolsk - NOD3, thiab Tynda - NOD4. Tsis tas li ntawd, Far East Railway yog conditionally muab faib ua ob lub ntsiab lus qhia - sab qaum teb latitudinal txoj kev thiab lub ntsiab txoj kev. Lawv sib cuam tshuam los ntawm txoj kev me me ntawm txoj kev:Komsomolsk-Volochaevka-2, Tynda-Sturm, Izvestkovaya-Urgal. Xws li logistics tso cai rau koj tsim tsheb ciav hlau raws tag nrho txoj kev.

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm Far Eastern Railway

Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm Far Eastern Railway muab qhov laj thawj los txiav txim siab nws yog ib qho ntawm cov kev thauj khoom loj thiab cov neeg caij tsheb loj hauv cheeb tsam. Nyob rau xyoo 2015, ntau tshaj 42 txhiab tons ntawm ntau yam khoom thauj tau thauj mus raws Far East Railway, thiab kwv yees li 5 txhiab tus neeg siv cov kev pabcuam ntawm Far Eastern railway raws li cov neeg caij tsheb. Txoj kev loj yog nqa tawm kev thauj mus los ntawm qhov tseem ceeb hauv tsev thiab thoob ntiaj teb - cov neeg ua lag luam los ntawm Nyiv, Mongolia, Kaus Lim Kauslim thiab Tuam Tshoj txaus siab rau nws txoj haujlwm tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam, uas muag lawv cov khoom ntawm thaj chaw ntawm peb lub teb chaws. Cov tsheb thauj khoom raug tswj hwm los ntawm Unified Dispatch Center nyob hauv Khabarovsk.

Lub Far Eastern Railway Artery txoj cai nyob hauv txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv qeb ntawm kev thauj mus los ntawm cov khoom xa tawm thiab xa tawm, uas suav txog kwv yees li ib feem peb ntawm tag nrho cov tsheb thauj mus los hauv Lavxias Federation thiab ntau dua li peb lub hlis twg ntawm kev thauj mus los. kev thauj mus los ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm lwm lub tebchaws. Ua tsaug rau kev tsim khoom zoo, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees Far East tau tshaj tawm tias xyoo 2016 nws tau npaj yuav thauj ntau tshaj 116 lab tons ntawm cov khoom thauj mus rau cov chaw nres nkoj ntawm Dej Hiav Txwv Pacific ntawm Far Eastern Railway. Kev loj hlob zoo nyob rau hauv kev lag luam kev lag luam nrog peb cov neeg nyob sab hnub tuaj ua rau nws muaj peev xwm kwv yees nrog kev ntseeg siab kom muaj kev nce qib hauv kev tsheb ciav hlau nyob rau yav tom ntej.

Kev tswj hwm

Raws li xyoo 2015, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Far East Railway tau tshaj 40 txhiab tus neeg ua haujlwm pabcuam kev loj no. Txoj kev loj no ua rau cov neeg nyob hauv zos txoj haujlwm thiab kev ntseeg siab rau yav tom ntej.

Lub Tsev Haujlwm ntawm Far Eastern Railway yog ncaj qha subordinate rau Lavxias teb sab Railways thiab yog nws cov qauv txheej txheem. N. V. Maklygin tau ua tus thawj coj ntawm Far Eastern Railway txij li xyoo 2015. Nyob rau hauv nws kev coj noj coj ua yog tag nrho cov haujlwm ua haujlwm los ntawm Far Eastern Railway. Chaw ua haujlwm chaw nyob ntawm Far East Railway yog Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Khabarovsk Territory. Cov chaw ua haujlwm txawv teb chaws muaj lawv tus kheej kev coj noj coj ua.

Kev ruaj ntseg

Raws li tus thawj coj ntawm Khabarovsk Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm Far Eastern Railway, kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lem thiab tsheb ciav hlau ntawm Far Eastern Railway yog qhov tseem ceeb. Hauv xyoo 2015, 18 qhov xwm txheej kub ntxhov tau sau npe rau ntawm Far Eastern txoj kev network, uas peb tus neeg tuag. Txhua yam xwm txheej tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua txhaum ntawm cov neeg tsav tsheb tsav tsheb thiab ua txhaum txoj cai tsheb.

Ntu ntawm txoj kev raws txoj kab Nogliki-Korsakov tau xaiv los ua qhov chaw rau kev nyab xeeb nkag. Txhawm rau ua kom pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tsis ua raws li txoj cai kev nyab xeeb ntawm txoj kev, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau tau muab ob peb lub tsheb tawg vim qhov kev sib tsoo hauv qhov chaw pom tseeb. Yog li, cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv kev tsheb ciav hlau tau sim ceeb toom cov tswv tsheb ntawm qhov txaus ntshai,nrog tus tsav tsheb thaum hla kev tsheb ciav hlau. Ntxiv rau cov neeg ua haujlwm, cov tub ceev xwm tsheb thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Lub Tuam Txhab Tsheb Thauj Mus Los Hauv Lub Chaw Haujlwm tau koom nrog hauv qhov kev txiav txim.