Cov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm Omsk thiab Omsk cheeb tsam: keeb kwm thiab niaj hnub

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm Omsk thiab thaj av Omsk tuav qhov chaw tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam Lavxias. Lub tswv yim qhov chaw nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub teb chaws tso cai rau cov tuam txhab hauv zos los tsim kev lag luam koom tes nrog East thiab West. Lub cheeb tsam tau tsim aircraft manufacturing, mechanical engineering, metallurgy, defense and electronic industries.

Kev txhim kho ua ntej kev hloov pauv

Txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, tsis muaj lub Hoobkas tsim khoom ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Omsk Territory, qhov twg cov cav tov thiab cov cav tov yuav siv. Kev tsim kho ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau hauv xyoo 1890 tau hloov pauv qhov xwm txheej: lub sawmill thiab lub chaw pw tsaug zog impregnation tau tshwm sim ze ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau ntawm sab laug ntug dej ntawm Irtysh. Tsis ntev ces muaj ib lub Hoobkas cib thiab ib lub zeb ua nyob ze ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb.

Tsuas yog xyoo 1893 thawj tsob nroj tau tshwm sim hauv Omsk, qhov chaw uas muaj lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau teeb tsa. Ua ntej lub kiv puag ncig, qhov loj tshaj plaws yog cog qoob loo (hnub no nws yog cov nroj tsuag sau npe tom qab Kuibyshev).

Npaj tsib xyoos thawj zaug

Kev sib cav sib ceg tom qab lub kiv puag ncig ua rau nrescov lag luam. Tsuas yog nrog kev tsim ntawm Soviet hwj chim nyob rau hauv 1919 tau pib ntau lawm. Tshwj xeeb, Omsk metalworking nroj tsuag: 1st mechanical plant, Energia factory, Krasny Pakhar (ua ntej lub kiv puag ncig, Randrup cog) - tau koom ua ke rau hauv lub koom haum Metallotrest.

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-1920s, lub lag luam loj tshaj plaws hauv cheeb tsam yog Siberian Agricultural Machinery Plant, nrog ntau tshaj 500 tus neeg ua haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv 1938, lub Council of People's Commissars ntawm lub USSR txiav txim siab los tsim lub Omsk Tire Cog, uas yog tseem muaj nuj nqis ntawm lub cheeb tsam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub tuam txhab hlua thiab lub tsheb sib dhos tau tsim.

Tsov Rog

Qhov pib ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj tau pab txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm thaj av kev lag luam. Xyoo 1941-1942, Omsk tau txais ntau tshaj li ib puas lub lag luam loj thiab me khiav tawm ntawm sab xub ntiag. Peb qhov chaw tsim khoom tau dhau los ua tus ncej ntawm kev tiv thaiv:

• Omsk cog lawv. Kuibyshev, ua ke nrog cov nroj tsuag No. 20 ntawm cov neeg commissariat ntawm aviation kev lag luam. Cov mos txwv tau tsim tawm ntawm no, suav nrog cov khoom siv rau foob pob hluav taws.
• Leningrad cog im. Voroshilov № 174. Nws teeb tsa lub rooj sib txoos ntawm cov lus dab neeg T-34 tso tsheb hlau luam.
• Peb lub tuam txhab Moscow dav hlau (tom qab sib koom ua ke rau hauv Polet aerospace enterprise) pib tsim Tu-2 thiab Yak-9 dav hlau.

Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav xyoo 1942, cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm ntau lub lag luam ntawm kev kho mob, lub teeb thiab zaub mov kev lag luam tau tsiv mus rau Omsk.

Postwarkev loj hlob

Nrog rau qhov kawg ntawm kev ua phem, feem coob ntawm kev lag luam tseem nyob hauv nroog, uas tau tso cai rau thaj tsam Omsk los ua ib qho ntawm cov chaw lag luam loj tshaj plaws ntawm USSR. Nyob rau hauv lub 50s ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, cov npe ntawm Omsk nroj tsuag tau ntxiv nrog cov loj tshaj plaws domestic roj refinery. Nws txoj kev tsim kho tau pib thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1949, thawj qhov khoom tau txais rau lub Cuaj Hlis 5, 1955. Lub Omsk Refinery tsim cov roj av, roj av, roj av thiab lwm yam khoom siv petrochemical.

1959 yog xyoo yug ntawm cov nroj tsuag carbon dub hauv Omsk (hnub no yog tsob ntoo carbon dub). Nyob rau hauv 1960, lub tso ntawm lwm petrochemical loj heev tshwm sim - ib tug enterprise rau zus tau tej cov roj hmab hluavtaws. Thawj cov roj hmab tau txais thaum Lub Kaum Hli 24, 1962, thiab thaum lub Tsib Hlis 15, 1963, kev tsim khoom ntawm divinyl tau ua tiav. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub 60s, loj factories ntawm cov khoom siv roj, oxygen engineering thiab lwm yam twb launched.

Los ntawm xyoo 1980, cov chaw ua haujlwm agro-industrial, petrochemical thiab tshuab-tsim complexes tau tsim tshaj plaws hauv cheeb tsam Omsk. Lawv suav txog 70% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom lag luam hauv cheeb tsam. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog Omsk MPZ, cov pa roj carbon dub thiab cov tuam txhab tiv thaiv kev lag luam, ntawm cov Poljot Production Association sawv tawm.

Nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm ntawm kev lag luam kev sib raug zoo

90s yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm yuav luag ob zaug poob hauv kev lag luam hauv cheeb tsam. Kev lag luam engineering tau tshwj xeeb nyuaj. Piv txwv li, xyoo 1995, kev siv lub peev xwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam nroj tsuag tsis tshaj 40% ntawm qhov nruab nrab. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, Omsk Roj Refinery ua rau pom kev tsis txaus ntseeg. Nws yog thiab tseem yog tus thawj coj hauv tsev xa khoom hauv tebchaws Russiafuel.

Daim npe ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom hauv Omsk thiab thaj av Omsk uas tau txais txiaj ntsig loj tshaj plaws rau cov peev nyiaj hauv cheeb tsam:

• Omskenergo (kev lag luam fais fab);
• Sibneft-Omsk Refinery (roj);
• Omskshina (chemical);
• "Rosar" (khoom noj);
• nqaij ua cog "Omsk" (khoom noj khoom haus);
• Omsktehuglerod (chemical);
• thauj engineering cog (engineering);
• TF Omskaya (food);
• ATPP "Osha" (khoom noj khoom haus);
• Matador-Omskshina (tshuaj lom neeg).

Los ntawm 2015, kev tsim khoom tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam hauv cheeb tsam. Lub Omsk refinery tau dhau los ua qhov thib ob loj tshaj plaws refinery nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no (txog 29 lab tons ntawm roj ib xyoos ib zaug) thiab thev naus laus zis tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws.

OJSC Omskshina tso nyiaj rau 20% ntawm cov log tsheb tsim hauv Russia. Tyre hom "Matador-Omskshina" thiab "Matador" yog nyob rau hauv kev thov nyob rau hauv lub domestic thiab txawv teb chaws kev lag luam. Cov nroj tsuag carbon dub yog ib qho ntawm cov thawj coj petrochemical hauv Russia.

Kev loj hlob ntawm lub xeev kev tiv thaiv kev txiav txim tau pab txhawb kev txhim kho Omsk engineering hauv kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam. Lub koom haum tshawb fawb ntawm Instrument Engineering tau los ua ib feem ntawm Orion kev txhawj xeeb, Omsktransmash tau pauv mus rau Uralvagonzavod, Moscow Thaj Chaw. Baranova tau nkag mus rau hauv cov qauv ntawm Salyut Scientific thiab Production Center rau Gas Turbine Engineering, Polyot Production Association tau hloov pauv los ntawm kev lag luam ywj pheej rau hauv ib ceg ntawm GKNPTs npe tom qab AI. Khrunichev. Kev suav nrog cov nroj tsuag no hauv kev tuav loj tau tso cai rau lawv nkag mus rau tsoomfwv cov nyiaj txiag.