HPP yog Shushenskaya HPP
HPP yog Shushenskaya HPP

Video: HPP yog Shushenskaya HPP

Video: HPP yog Shushenskaya HPP
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HPP yog ib yam khoom tsim los ntawm tus dej txhawm rau hloov lub zog ntawm nws cov dej ntws mus rau hauv hluav taws xob. Ib qho ntawm cov qauv tseem ceeb ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob hauv dej feem ntau yog lub pas dej ua ke uas thaiv cov channel.

HPP ua haujlwm li cas

HPP ib txwm yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam ntawm lub xeev, thiab lwm yam, uas tseem yog lub cim ntawm kev lag luam kev vam meej. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm hais tias muaj cov monumentality, xws li cov qauv loj loj muaj lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yooj yim ntawm kev ua haujlwm.

Thawj pib, dej ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb fais fab yog muab rau cov hniav ntawm cov turbines uas tau teeb tsa hauv chav cav. Lub zog rotational tom kawg yog pauv mus rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Cov hluav taws xob tsim tau yog muab rau hauv cheeb tsam lub zog xa hluav taws xob.

Tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm txhua qhov chaw nres tsheb hydroelectric fais fab yog, tau kawg, nws lub peev xwm. Thiab qhov tseem ceeb no, nyob rau hauv lem, nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov dej hla lub turbines thiab nws lub siab. Qhov siab dua qhov ntsuas kawg, qhov siab dua ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb.

hes nws
hes nws

Ntau qhov chaw nres tsheb

Yog li no, lub chaw nres tsheb fais fab yog qhov chaw loj loj uas tau tsim los ntawm tus dej. Tam sim no, tsuas muaj ob hom kev siv hluav taws xob tseem ceeb hauv lub ntiaj teb:

  • dam;
  • derivational.

Nyob rau tom kawg, cov dej siab nyob rau hauv ib qho bypass channel lossis qhov av yog siv los tsim hluav taws xob. Diversion HPPs feem ntau yog ua rau ntawm roob hav dej uas tsis dav heev nrog cov dej ntws muaj zog.

Cov khoom tsim ntawm lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob ib txwm siv

Ntxiv rau lub pas dej ua ke, thaum lub sijhawm tsim kho lub tshuab hluav taws xob, cov qauv xws li:

  • hydroelectric tsev;
  • rooj vag;
  • nkoj txais thiab ntses hla;
  • spillway devices;
  • switchgear.

Nyob hauv lub tsev cog hluav taws xob muaj chav cav nrog turbines thiab generators.

Shushenskaya HPP
Shushenskaya HPP

Dab tsi yog qhov chaw nres tsheb derivation

Qhov chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob zoo li no yog qhov chaw tshwj xeeb, ib txwm ua rau ntawm txoj kab nrog txoj kab nqes loj. Cov dej hauv cov dej ntws zoo li no ntws nyob rau hauv lub zog siab hauv txoj hauv kev, yog li qhov no nws tsis tsim nyog los txhim kho lub pas dej. Cov dej ntws ntawm xws li hydroelectric fais fab nroj tsuag mus ncaj qha mus rau lub tsev loj rau lub turbines. Lub reservoir feem ntau yog tsim, tab sis feem ntau lawv muaj thaj chaw me me. Reservoirs yog xav tau ntawm hydroelectric fais fab nroj tsuag ntawm hom no nkaus xwb los tswj cov ntws.

Dab tsi yog cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob hauv tebchaws Russia?

Hydroelectric fais fab nroj tsuag hauv Russia, tau kawg, tau tsim ntau heev. Feem ntau ntawm lawv tau ua haujlwm txij li lub sijhawm ntawm USSR. Thawj qhov chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tau tsim nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm peb lub tebchaws yog Zyryanskaya. Qhov chaw no tau tsim rov qab rau hauv tsarist Russia xyoo 1892. Nws yog ib qho chaw nres tsheb me me uas muab hluav taws xob rau cov dej ntws ntawm cov mine hauv zos.

Lub sijhawm Soviet, tsoomfwv tau txais txoj kev npaj GOERLO thoob ntiaj teb,Raws li qhov twg rau 10-15 xyoo nws yuav tsum tsim cov chaw nres tsheb fais fab hauv lub tebchaws nrog tag nrho cov peev txheej ntawm 21254 txhiab l / s. Txog niaj hnub no, cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv Lavxias Federation yog:

  • Sayano-Shushenskaya (Sayanogorsk) nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 6.4 GW;
  • Krasnoyarsk (Divnogorsk) - 6 Guards;
  • Bratskaya (Bratsk) - 4.52 Gw;
  • Ust-Ilminskaya - 3.84 Gw;
  • Boguchinskaya (Kodinsk) - 3 Guards;
  • Zhigulevskaya - 2.4 GW;
  • Bureiskaya - 2.01 Gw;
  • Cheboksarskaya (Novocheboksarsk) - 1.4 Gw;
  • Saratovskaya (Balakovo) - 1.38 Gw;
  • Zeyskaya (Zeya) - 1.33 Gw;

Nizhnekamsk HPP (Naberezhnye Chelny) kuj yog qhov chaw loj loj. Lub zog ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb no yog 1.25 GW. Tus tswv yog OAO "Generation Company" thiab "Tatenergo". Lub chaw nres tsheb tau ua rau ntawm tus dej Kama.

kev tsim kho ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb hydroelectric fais fab
kev tsim kho ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb hydroelectric fais fab

Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP: keeb kwm

Lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob no, uas yog ib feem ntawm Yenisei cascade, yog qhov loj tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws. Txhua xyoo, qhov nruab nrab, nws tsim tau txog 23.5 billion kWh ntawm hluav taws xob. Kev txiav txim siab los tsim lub chaw nres tsheb Sayano-Shushenskaya tau ua los ntawm tsoomfwv USSR hauv xyoo 1961. Txoj haujlwm tiag tiag ntawm nws txoj kev tsim kho tau pib hauv xyoo 1968. Xyoo 1978, lub pas dej Sayano-Shushenskoye tau ntim. Kev tsim kho ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb tau ua tiav hauv 2000.

Kev tsim kho ntawm HPP yog, hmoov tsis, nrog rau ntau yam teeb meem. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho, cov txheej txheem spillway raug puas tsuaj ntau zaus, thiab cov kab nrib pleb tsim nyob rau hauv lub pas dej ua ke. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum kawg, txiav txim siab los ntawm cov lus ceeb toom ntawm xyoo dhau los, tag nrho cov teeb meem no tau raug daws tiav.

chaw nres tsheb yam ntxwv

Lub Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP nyob ze ntawm lub zos Cheryomushki ze lub nroog Sayanogorsk ntawm tus dej Yenisei. Tam sim no, 10 units tau teeb tsa hauv nws lub tsev loj, txhua qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm 640 MW. Hauv qhov no, hmoov tsis, tsuas muaj 8 units hauv kev ua haujlwm. Lub turbines ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb no muaj zog heev, qib RO-230/833-0-677, ua haujlwm ntawm lub taub hau tsim ntawm 194 meters. Qhov siab ntawm lub pas dej ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb fais fab no yog 245 m. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, thaj tsam ntawm lub reservoir tsim los ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb yog 621 km 2.

Thaum lub sijhawm tsim kho Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP, tag nrho 35,600 hectares ntawm thaj av tau raug dej nyab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, 2,717 ntau hom tsev kuj yuav tsum tau tsiv mus. Cov dej nyob rau hauv lub reservoir ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb fais fab fais fab yog qhov zoo, yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv nws qis, ob peb lub teb chaws tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov trout tau tom qab tsim. Lub reservoir ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb Sayano-Shushenskaya nyob ib txhij nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm peb cheeb tsam: Khakassia, Tuva thiab lub Krasnoyarsk Territory. Ntawm nws cov ntug dej hiav txwv, ntawm lwm yam, Sayano-Shushensky Biosphere Reserve ua haujlwm.

Shushenskaya hydroelectric kev huam yuaj
Shushenskaya hydroelectric kev huam yuaj

Kev xwm txheej ntawm Shushenskaya HPP hauv 2009

Thaum pib ntawm nees nkaum xyoo pua, muaj kev sib tsoo loj heev tshwm sim ntawm Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP, uas tau ua rau 75 tus neeg tuag. Lub yim hli ntuj 17, 2009, nyob rau hauv lub engine chav tsev ntawm lub ntsiab lub tsev, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub thib ob hydraulic unit, muaj ib tug muaj zog outburst ntawm dej los ntawm lub turbine. Cov kwj deg rushing rhuav tshem cov kab kev txhawb nqa ntawm lub tsev thiab puas cov cuab yeej uas tau teeb tsa hauv nws. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov dej nkag mus rau hauv qee qhov hydraulic units, lub tshuab hluav taws xob ua tsis tiav, thaum lwm tus raug rhuav tshem tag nrho. Tag nrho cov tshuab thev naus laus zis hauv qab 327 raug dej nyab.

HPS Naberezhnye Chelny
HPS Naberezhnye Chelny

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov xwm txheej tau pib tshem tawm los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm chaw nres tsheb nws tus kheej. Tom qab ntawd, cov neeg cog lus tau koom nrog. Nws coj cov kws tshaj lij txog 9 teev thiab 20 feeb los kaw cov hydraulic xauv. Cov dej ntws mus rau hauv chav cav tau nres. Feem ntau, 2.7 txhiab tus neeg thiab ntau dua 200 cov khoom siv tau koom nrog hauv kev ua haujlwm kom tshem tawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov xwm txheej. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj dej nkag mus rau hauv chav tsev, cov txheej txheem thaiv yuav tsum tau ua, qhov ntev ntawm tag nrho yog 9683 meters.

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