HPP Ust-Ilimskaya: duab, chaw nyob. Kev tsim kho ntawm Ust-Ilimskaya HPP

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Nyob hauv cheeb tsam Irkutsk, ntawm Angara River, muaj ib qho ntawm ob peb lub chaw siv hluav taws xob hauv lub tebchaws uas tau them nyiaj rau nws tus kheej txawm tias ua ntej kev tsim kho tiav. Qhov no yog Ust-Ilimskaya HPP, thib peb theem hauv cascade ntawm chaw nres tsheb ntawm Angara.

Angara Basin

Txawm tias nyob rau hauv 30s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, cov kws tshawb fawb thiab engineers ntawm Russia tau nyiam kawm txog roj thiab lub zog, ntxhia, thiab hav zoov cov peev txheej ntawm thaj av Irkutsk. Txhawm rau kawm txog lub peev xwm ntawm thaj av no, Angarsk Bureau of State Planning Committee ntawm USSR tau tsim. Nws yog nyob rau hauv nws tias tej yaam num tau yug los siv tus dej cov peev txheej hauv ob peb lub zog-intensive industries - chemical processing of wood, the chemical industry, metallurgy and energy supply. Xyoo 1936, qhov kev txiav txim siab tau pom zoo los tsim kom muaj 6 lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob ntawm Angara, thawj thiab siab tshaj plaws yog Ust-Ilimskaya HPP.

Kev nyab xeeb ntawm thaj av

cheeb tsam ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm lub hydroelectric complex yog sib npaug rau thaj tsam ntawm Far North, qhov twg huab cua yog sharply continental. Qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo kub yog -2.8 ° C. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nuj nqis muaj nyob ntawm -53,9 ° C ntawm qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm +41 ° C. Lub sij hawm nrog kub hauv qab 0 - 214 hnub hauv ib xyoos. Cov daus npog npog hauv av thaum Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj thiab tsis tawm mus txog rau thaum lub Peb Hlis kawg. Qhov kub nyob rau lub caij ntuj no yog -45 ° C, thiab cua tshuab cua nrawm mus txog 11 km / h.

ntug hnyav ntawm Irkutsk lub caij ntuj no

Qhov chaw uas Ust-Ilimskaya chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv tau xaiv 20 kilometers downstream ntawm Ilim River ze rau lub pob zeb cape, uas yog hu ua Tolsty. Nyob rau hauv 1962, cov nqe lus rau kev tsim kho ntawm lub Ust-Ilimskaya hydroelectric fais fab chaw nres tsheb, lub peev xwm ntsia thiab lub sij hawm rau ua ntej ua hauj lwm ntawm kev npaj cov infrastructure ntawm lub satellite lub zos ntawm tib lub npe tau txiav txim. Txhua qhov kev tsim kho ntawm qhov project tau muab faib ua ob theem.

Thawj theem ntawm kev tsim kho

Nov yog theem ntawm kev npaj ua haujlwm. Nws kav los ntawm 1963 txog 1967. Lub sijhawm no, qhov chaw tsim kho thiab cov chaw tsim khoom pabcuam ntawm sab laug ntawm Angara tau npaj. Thiab cov no yog cov pob zeb ua vaj tse thiab txhawb nqa, lub tsev kho tsheb, lub zos rau cov neeg tsim khoom. Ib txoj kab hluav taws xob tau muab tso rau, thiab hauv xyoo 1966 tau qhib lub tsheb mus tas li los ntawm qhov chaw loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub nroog Bryansk.

theem thib ob ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm Ust-Ilimskaya HPP

Lub Peb Hlis 1966 - hnub pib ntawm theem thib ob thiab hnub tseem ceeb ntawm kev pib tsim kho ntawm qhov chaw siv dej hauv nws tus kheej. Lub sijhawm no tau siv sijhawm xya xyoo. Thiab thawj qhov sib tshooj ntawm Angara tau tshwm sim thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1967. Nws yog qhov kev tsim kho loj loj ntawm qhov nrawm nrawm. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ceev ntawm cov tsheb thauj khoom pov tseg, ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv ib qho thiab ib nrab ua haujlwm thiab noj su ntawmchaw ua hauj lwm - thiab tom qab 2 xyoo thiab 7 lub hlis lub xeem pob zeb thaiv ntawm lub qhov muag tsis pom dam. Saib ntawm daim duab ntawm Ust-Ilimskaya chaw nres tsheb fais fab fais fab, nws nyuaj rau ntseeg lub sijhawm tsim kho.

First result

Xyoo 1968, kev ua vaj tse tau pib ntawm lub pas dej. Los ntawm 1974 txog 1977, lub filling ntawm Ust-Ilimsk reservoir txuas ntxiv. Thiab nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo 1974, thawj chav tsev ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb tau pib, thiab nyob rau hauv lub Tsib Hlis 1975, lub hydroelectric fais fab nroj tsuag tau tsim thawj billion kilowatts ib teev. Nyob rau hauv plaub xyoos, plaub units tau muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm. Nrog rau kev tso tawm ntawm 15 chav tsev, Ust-Ilimskaya HPP pib ua haujlwm tag nrho hauv thawj theem - 3,600 MW. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1979, 16 chav tsev tau muab tso rau hauv kev ua lag luam, nyob rau hauv 1980 lub hydroelectric complex tau nkag mus rau hauv kev lag luam mus tas li.

Parameters thiab yam ntxwv

Lub peev xwm nruab ntawm Ust-Ilimskaya HPP yog 4.3 GW, uas yog piv rau qhov tsis muaj ntawm Bratskaya HPP. Qhov nruab nrab, qhov chaw nres tsheb tsim tawm 21.7 billion kWh ib xyoos twg. Tag nrho 16 units ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb muaj peev xwm ntawm 240 MW txhua, ua haujlwm ntawm cov dej siab ntawm 90.7 meters. Lub siab pem hauv ntej, 3.84 kilometers ntev, tsim lub reservoir ntawm tib lub npe nrog ib tug dej saum npoo av ntawm 1922 square kilometers thiab ib tug dej ntim ntawm 59.2 cubic meters. km.

Dej xauv nta

Angara dej thaiv yog tsim los ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus 105 meters siab thiab 1475 meters ntev. Nws muaj 365 meters ntawm qhov ruaj khov, 242 meters ntawm cov pas dej ntws hla thiab qhov tsis pom ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv. Sab laug-ntev ntawm lub pas dej yog pob zeb thiab lub ntiaj teb, nws qhov ntev yog 1780 meters thiab nws qhov siab yog 28 meters. Nyob rau sab xis lub pas dej ua ke yog xuab zeb, nws qhov siab yog 47meters, thiab qhov ntev yog 538 meters. Qhov siab ntawm lub taub hau yog 296 meters, tsis muaj kev thauj khoom xauv, tab sis kev tsim kho lub nkoj nqa tau npaj.

Tus nqi zog

Plaub loj tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia, Ust-Ilimskaya HPP yog qhov txuas tseem ceeb hauv lub zog ntawm Siberia. Lub metallurgical thiab ntoo ua lag luam ntawm cheeb tsam yog cov neeg siv khoom tseem ceeb ntawm nws cov hluav taws xob. Nws yog kev tsim kho ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb no, thawj zaug hauv qhov cascade ntawm Angarsk HPPs, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los tsim cov chaw tsim khoom hauv Ust-Ilimsk thaj chaw. Niaj hnub no, muaj kev txwv ntawm cov zis hluav taws xob, qhov chaw nres tsheb nruab nrab muab cov zis ntawm 32.3% ntawm qhov tshaj tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm Lavxias teb sab zog system.

Modern units

Txhua chav nyob, peb nco qab, muaj kaum rau ntawm lawv, tau ua haujlwm yuav luag ntau tshaj 40 xyoo. Qhov project ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb muab rau ob chav ntxiv, cov kav dej tau muab tso rau hauv qab lawv thiab ib qho chaw sab laug. Tab sis txawm kaum rau thaum lub sij hawm lub chaw nres tsheb tau muab tso rau hauv lub lag luam yog txaus. Nyob rau hauv 2017, lub impellers ntawm plaub units tau hloov, uas yuav ua rau kom hluav taws xob tsim los ntawm 4.5%. Cov log tshiab tau tsim nyob rau ntawm Leningrad Hlau Cog ntawm Lub Tshuab Hluav Taws Xob Kev txhawj xeeb thiab hnyav 83 tons. Thiab txoj kev los ntawm cov nroj tsuag mus rau qhov chaw nres tsheb raws txoj kev Lavxias teb sab yuav luag plaub lub hlis thiab muaj txog li 7 txhiab kilometers. Ib lub log qub yuav muab tso rau ntawm lub pedestal ua lub cim nco txog.

Satellite nroog

Ust-Ilimsk tau loj hlob los ntawm ib lub zos me me rau cov neeg tsim hluav taws xob mus rau hauv lub nroog loj hauv cheeb tsam Irkutsk nrog cov pej xeem.82820 ua. Thiab kev txaus siab ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv yog Ust-Ilimskaya chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, qhov chaw nyob yog: 666683, Irkutsk cheeb tsam, lub nroog Ust-Ilimsk, PO Box 958. Qhov no yog lub nroog ntawm peb txoj haujlwm tsim kho kev poob siab ntawm yav dhau los Soviet. Union: lub nroog nws tus kheej, chaw nres tsheb hydroelectric fais fab thiab kev lag luam ntoo. Qhov no yog lub nroog ntawm taiga romance ntawm 60-70s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, uas Alexandra Pakhmutova hu nkauj nyob rau hauv ib zaj nkauj paub thoob plaws hauv lub tebchaws ib zaug, "Letter to Ust-Ilimsk."

Ust-Ilimskaya HPP in art

Dhau li ntawm zaj nkauj uas tau hais los ntawm Maya Kristalinskaya (1963), lub nroog tau nto moo rau Alexander Vampilov zaj dab neeg "Ticket to Ust-Ilimsk", uas piav qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho kev poob siab. Cov menyuam yaus zaj duab xis "Lub Plaub Hlis 5", tau ua yeeb yaj kiab hauv xyoo 1972, txog kaum peb xyoos nyob hauv Leningrad Anton, uas tsis yog mus rau hauv hiav txwv rau lub caij ntuj sov so, tuaj xyuas nws tus tij laug, tus tsim hluav taws xob hauv Ust- Ilimsk, mob siab rau lub teb chaws cov me nyuam cov pej xeem rau lub neej thiab heroism ntawm taiga builders tshwj xeeb.

Thiab txawm hais tias cov tub ntxhais hluas niaj hnub no tsis paub leej twg Maya Kristalinskaya thiab Alexandra Pakhmutova yog, cov neeg nyob hauv lub nroog txaus siab rau lawv cov dynasties ntawm hydrobuilders thiab cov heroic cuam tshuam keeb kwm ntawm lawv thaj av. Thiab Ust-Ilimskaya HPP nrog nws qhov loj thiab qhov ntsuas tseem ua rau txhua tus neeg xav tsis thoob uas thawj zaug pom qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm engineering, yuav thiab xav ua kom tiav cov hom phiaj los ntawm ib tug neeg nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm taiga xwm ntawm cheeb tsam hnyav no.