Drawing accessories: cov cuab yeej thiab cov khoom siv

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-07 20:58

Thaum ua haujlwm nraaj, siv ntau yam khoom siv kos duab. Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm cov cuab yeej zoo li no, nrog rau cov khoom siv rau tib lub hom phiaj. Feem ntau, cov neeg uas, los ntawm qhov xwm ntawm lawv cov kev ua ub no, raug yuam kom nqa tawm ntau cov duab kos, siv kev npaj. Yog li hu ua teeb tsa cov cuab yeej kos duab, ntim rau hauv rooj plaub tshwj xeeb. Hauv kev ua lag luam niaj hnub no, muaj cov cuab yeej npaj tau tsim los ua ntau yam duab nraaj, sib txawv ntawm qhov tsis sib xws.

Tab sis, tau kawg, yog tias koj xav tau, koj tuaj yeem yuav cov khoom siv kos duab tsis tu ncua. Moscow, St. Petersburg, lwm lub nroog ntawm lub tebchaws - txhua qhov chaw koj tuaj yeem yuav cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo thiab nrov. Ntxiv rau hauv tsab xov xwm, peb yuav hais meej meej txog cov cuab yeej kos duab thiab cov ntaub ntawv twg muaj nyob rau ntawm lub khw niaj hnub no.

Hom khoom siv siv rau kev ua haujlwm nraaj

Cov duab kos lawv tus kheej feem ntau siv rau daim ntawv. Txhawm rau ua cov duab ntawm hom nosiv ntau yam tshwj xeeb. Ntxiv rau daim ntawv, cov tsim qauv thiab cov kws tsim qauv siv cov cuab yeej kos duab thiab cov khoom siv xws li:

• xaum nrog cov hmoov txhuas dub;
• lwv;
• tus kav ntev ntev;
• squares;
• protractors;
• kev sib txawv ntawm ntau hom;
• qauv.

Daim duab kos feem ntau txuas rau cov laug cam tshwj xeeb. Cov qauv tsim no tso cai rau koj ua cov duab nraaj nrog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws.

Daim ntawv zoo li cas

Daim ntawv dawb ntawm qhov zoo yog feem ntau xaiv rau kev kos duab. Qhov no yuav yog ib qho kev xaiv sau "O" lossis "B". Daim ntawv "O" (dawb) muaj nyob rau hauv ob hom: dawb thiab txhim kho. Qhov kev xaiv tom kawg muaj qhov ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom. Cov ntawv zoo "B" zoo tshaj plaws rau kev kos duab. Nws muaj xim dawb kiag li, du thiab tsis "shaggy" thaum siv cov lwv. Koj tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm lwm yam los ntawm kev saib lub teeb. Cov neeg tsim khoom muab cov cim dej tso rau ntawm daim ntawv no. Ntxiv rau daim ntawv dawb, daim ntawv tracing thiab daim duab kos kuj tseem siv tau los ua cov duab kos.

Special Boards

Cov ntaub ntawv kos duab thiab cov khoom siv tuaj yeem siv los ntawm cov kws tsim khoom thiab cov tsim qauv, yog li sib txawv. Boards thaum ua kev kos duab kos duab - tus cwj pwm hauv feem ntau yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Cov cuab yeej no yog tsim los ntawm ntoo.soft breeds (piv txwv li, los ntawm alder). Nws yog tsim los pab txhawb kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim cov duab kos. Cov cuab yeej no sawv cev rau ntau qhov kev tuag sib sau ua ke hauv ib lub canvas, fastened nrog kawg strips. Qhov ntev, dav thiab tuab ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm tuaj yeem sib txawv.

xaum

Qhov no yog kab tias lub ntsiab cuab yeej siv hauv kev kos duab. Tsuas muaj peb yam tseem ceeb ntawm xaum:

• Siab. Qhov kev xaiv no yog cim nrog tsab ntawv "T" thiab siv, qhov tseeb, ua kom tiav cov duab kos.
• Nruab nrab nyuaj. Cov cuab yeej ntawm ntau yam no feem ntau yog cim nrog cov ntawv "TM". Siv lawv rau mob stroke ntawm theem kawg ntawm daim duab.
• Soft. Cov cwj mem no tsuas yog siv rau kos duab xwb. Lawv raug cim nrog tsab ntawv "M".

Ntxiv rau cov xaum, tus cwj mem tuaj yeem siv qee kis los ua duab kos. Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub raj mis. Designers thiab engineers feem ntau siv cov xim dub, txawm tias nws tuaj yeem muaj xim sib txawv. Hauv qhov no, cov cwj mem tshwj xeeb yog siv los ua cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm.

Erasers

Drawing accessories ntawm no ntau yam yog siv los tshem tawm tsis raug kos los yog pab kab. Thaum ua cov duab kos, ob hom erasers feem ntau yog siv: cov uas tsim los tshem cov xaum kab thiab kab kos nrog tus cwj mem. Thawj qhov kev xaiv yog mos thiab tsis cuam tshuam rau txheej thaum siv.ntawv, tshem tawm tsuas yog cov hlau lead. Ink erasers muaj cov khoom hnyav ntxiv thiab cov ntawv xuab zeb thaum tshem tawm.

Rulers

Cov cuab yeej kos duab zoo li no tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov khoom sib txawv. Feem ntau nws yog ntoo, hlau lossis yas. Qhov kev xaiv tom kawg yog suav tias yog qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws rau kev kos duab. Transparent luv luv yas kav, zoo li xaum, yog cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm tus engineer lossis tus tsim qauv.

Ua ntej siv tus pas ntsuas tshiab, nws yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas kom raug. Ua li no, lawv muab tso rau ntawm ib daim ntawv thiab kos ib kab. Tom qab ntawd tig tus pas ntsuas mus rau sab nraud thiab kos lwm txoj kab. Yog hais tias thawj thiab thib ob kab ntawm daim ntawv sib tw, ces tus pas ntsuas yog qhov tseeb thiab tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev ua haujlwm.

Muaj cov khoom siv kos duab rau lub rooj tsavxwm thiab ntau yam sib txawv me ntsis - T-square. Cov cuab yeej no muaj peb qhov tseem ceeb: tus pas ntsuas thiab ob lub pas nrig luv. Ib qho ntawm cov tuav yog rigidly txuas nrog tus pas ntsuas, thiab qhov thib ob tuaj yeem tig nrog kev hwm ntawm txhua lub kaum ntse ntse. Los ntawm kev kho ib qho ntawm crossbars ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm, koj tuaj yeem yooj yim kos kab kab rov tav lossis inclined nrog kev pab los ntawm T-square.

Compasses

Cov kav thaum ua cov duab nraaj yog siv los kos cov kab ncaj. Lub compass yog siv los kos lub voj voog. Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm cov cuab yeej xws li:

• ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas. Ob txhais ceg ntawm cov cuab yeej no xaus nrog koob. Compasses ntawm no ntau yam yog siv los ntsuas ntu.
• Tsab txhais ceg compasses. Cov cuab yeej zoo li no tsuas muaj ib ceg nrog rab koob xwb. Qhov thib ob muaj lub nplhaib tshwj xeeb dav.
• Daim duab zoo tib yam compasss. Muaj ib rab koob ntawm ib ceg ntawm cov twj paj nruag, thiab ib tug pas nrig graphite yog ntxig rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lwm qhov.

Tseem muaj ntau yam tshwj xeeb ntawm cov kab ntsig. Piv txwv li, lub teat yog ib lub pob me me thiab tuaj yeem siv los kos cov voj voog concentric. Qee zaum engineers thiab technologists kuj siv calipers. Cov cuab yeej no yooj yim heev los kos cov voj voog me me (0.5-8 mm).

Squares

Drawing accessories ntawm hom no feem ntau yog siv los tsim cov kaum sab xis. Tsuas muaj ob lub ntsiab ntawm cov squares siv rau kev ua tiav ntawm cov duab kos: 45: 90: 45 thiab 60: 90: 30. Zoo li cov thawj coj, cov cuab yeej zoo li no tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov khoom sib txawv. Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws los siv yog cov yas pob tshab.

Nov yog lwm yam cuab yeej tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov ntawv sau. Protractors feem ntau yog siv los ua ib qho add-on tsim los pab txhawb kev ua haujlwm. Nrog lawv siv nws yooj yim dua los kos cov ces kaum. Protractors yog semicircular thiab puag ncig. Thaum kos duab kos duab, thawj qhov kev xaiv yog siv ntau dua. Kuj muaj qhov tshwj xeebgeodetic protractors. Rau kev sau cov duab qhia chaw, nws feem ntau siv TG-B variant.

qauv

Qee lub sij hawm nws tsis tuaj yeem ua cov kab nkhaus hauv cov duab kos uas siv lub tshuab ntsuas xwb. Hauv qhov no, lawv tau kos los ntawm cov ntsiab lus los ntawm tes. Txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau cov kab nkhaus, cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb yog siv - cov qauv. Tej zaum lawv yuav muaj cov duab sib txawv. Kev kos duab accessories ntawm hom no yuav tsum tau xaiv nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev uas lawv cov ntug sib phim cov duab ntawm cov kab yuav tsum tau kos kom ntau li ntau tau.

Raws li twb tau hais lawm, engineers thiab designers feem ntau siv cov khoom npaj npaj ua hauv lawv txoj haujlwm. Dab tsi ntawm cov txheej txheem kos duab accessories kev npaj suav nrog, koj tuaj yeem paub los ntawm nws cov cim. Cov neeg uas ua cov duab kos ntawm qib kev tshaj lij siv cov khoom siv thoob ntiaj teb. Cov kev npaj zoo li no tau cim nrog tsab ntawv "U". Ntxiv nrog rau cov khoom siv txheem, suav nrog lub tshuab raj, tus pas ntsuas, xaum thiab cov ntawv pov thawj, lawv suav nrog tus cwj mem thiab cov cuab yeej tsim los ua haujlwm nrog nws.

Kev npaj yooj yim feem ntau yog yuav los ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv rau kev kos duab. Cov txheej txheem zoo li no tau cim nrog tsab ntawv "SH". Kuj tseem muaj cov kev npaj xws li: tsim ("K"), tsim me me ("KM") thiab loj ("KB").

Yog li, peb tau pom tias cov khoom siv, cov khoom siv, cov cuab yeej kos duab siv thaum ua cov duab kos duab. Tsis muaj compasses, rulers, mem hluav thiab erasers, tsimyog thiab complex drawings yuav tsis ua hauj lwm. Thiab yog li ntawd, cov cuab yeej zoo li no, tau kawg, yuav ib txwm xav tau.