Udokan teb: piav qhia

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Udokan tso nyiaj hauv Russia yog suav tias yog ib qho loj tshaj plaws. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, ntau dua $ 1 nphom yuav tsum tau siv rau nws txoj kev loj hlob.

Udokan teb: piav qhia

Lub pas dej nyob sab qaum teb ntawm Chita, 650 km ntawm lub nroog. Thaj chaw uas Udokan tso nyiaj nyob yog suav tias yog seismically txaus ntshai nrog thaj tsam permafrost. Qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo kub yog -4 degrees, thiab nyob rau lub caij ntuj no nws poob mus rau -50. Permafrost nkag mus rau qhov tob txog li 800 m. Avalanches feem ntau pom ntawm thaj chaw. Muaj qhov ua tau zoo ntawm av qeeg nrog qhov amplitude txog li 9-10 ntsiab lus. Pob zeb yog qhov txawv ntawm lub zog siab, abrasiveness, thermal conductivity, thiab silico txaus ntshai. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, geological thiab climatic tej yam kev mob ntawm lub cheeb tsam yuav tsis tau hu ua haum. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, yuav luag tsis muaj infrastructure ntawm no.

Dab tsi yog mined hauv Udokan teb?

Lub pas dej ua ke yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig thiab xav tau raw khoom hauv kev lag luam. Tag nrho cov ntim ntawm cov nyiaj tshuav yog 20 lab tons ntawm tooj liab nrog qhov nruab nrab tooj liab cov ntsiab lus hauv cov ore mus txog1.46%, nrog rau 11.9 txhiab tons ntawm nyiaj. Cov ntxhia muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov ores yog qhov ruaj khov heev. Udokan tooj liab deposit yog ib qhov chaw ntawm chalcocite, chalcopyrite, bornite, magnetite, pyrite, thiab hematite. Molybdenite, wallerite, pyrrhotite, wittikhenite, marcasite, polydymite, sphalerite, haiv neeg nyiaj, cob altite, tennantite, stromeyerite, thiab molybdenite muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm impurity minerals. Hauv thawj ores, txog 65% ntawm tooj liab yog chalcocite, 20-25% - bornite, 10-15% - chalcopyrite. Secondary minerals muaj xws li:

1. Dav dav - azurite, malachite, gypsum, chalcocite, covelline, hlau hydroxides (limonite, goethite).
2. Tsis tshua pom - bornite, cuprite, tenorite, haiv neeg tooj liab, chalcanthite, delafossite, chrysocolla, antlerite, brochantite, melanterite, jarosite thiab lwm cov pob zeb ntawm thaj chaw deposition.

Muaj peb lub koom haum tseem ceeb hauv cov pob zeb hauv lub phiab: bornite-chalcosite, chalcopyrite-bornite thiab pyrite-chalcopyrite. Ib qho kev tsis tu ncua tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv paragenetic kev sib raug zoo ntawm hlau thiab tooj liab minerals. Chalcocite thiab bornite yog txuam nrog magnetite, thaum chalcopyrite yog txuam nrog pyrite. Feem ntau cov ores muaj xws li bornite-chalcocite. Cov pob zeb no sawv cev los ntawm lub teeb grey, nplua-grained, feem ntau quarzitic, tsis muaj zog calcareous sandstones. Tsawg dua yog cov pob zeb grey tsaus, nrog rau kev sib kis zoo ntawm bornite thiab chalcocite. Feem ntau, tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm cov nplua-grained ore sandstones uas muaj cov txheej txheem sib xwssulfides, lenticular lub cev, txaj thiab cov hnab me me ntawm nruab nrab-grained sandstones, mus txog 1.5 m tuab, nrog densely interspersed mineralization, suav nrog, ntxiv rau chalcocite thiab bornite, txog li 50% magnetite raug nthuav tawm.

Pib

Udokan tso nyiaj (Zabaikalsky Krai) tau tshawb pom hauv xyoo 1949, tab sis kev tshawb nrhiav, txawm li cas los xij, pib thiab xaus ob zaug. Nyob rau hauv 1981, cov reserves tau pom zoo los ntawm lub Xeev Commission. Tsuas yog xyoo 1992 lub xeev tau txiav txim siab muag daim ntawv tso cai los kawm thiab txhim kho lub phiab. Qhov kev sib tw tau yeej los ntawm lub tuam txhab me me Udokan. Nws yog los ntawm ob peb lub tuam txhab txawv teb chaws. Rau 7 xyoo, lub tuam txhab tsis ua haujlwm thiab thaum kawg poob nws daim ntawv tso cai. Hauv xyoo 1999, lwm qhov kev sib tw tau tuav, uas tsuas yog cov tuam txhab lag luam hauv tebchaws tau koom nrog. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib tw, daim ntawv tso cai rau kev tshawb nrhiav kev ua ub no raug xa mus rau Zabaikalskaya Mining Company. Xyoo 2001, kev sib tw tau tshaj tawm los tsim lub pas dej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov kev cai nruj nruj tau teem rau cov neeg koom. Tus yeej yuav tsum tau pib tsim cov nroj tsuag mining tsis pub dhau peb xyoos txij li hnub tau txais daim ntawv tso cai. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tsis pub dhau 6.5 xyoo - pib mining. Thiab nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm xya xyoo, lub mining thiab ua complex yuav tsum mus txog nws lub peev xwm tsim. Raws li kev xav tau ntxiv yog lub luag haujlwm los nqis peev hauv kev sib raug zoo. kheej kheej, tsim cov haujlwm tshiab thiab ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev lag luam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, raws li cov kws tshaj lij tau sau tseg, qhov project loj loj tuaj yeem them rau nws tus kheej li ntawm 10 xyoo.

Kev sib tw ua tiav

Kev tawm tsam rau Udokan tso nyiaj tau siv sijhawm ntau xyoo. Ntawm cov neeg thov kev pab yog ntau lub tuam txhab loj. Ntawm lawv: MMC Norilsk Nickel, Basic Element tuav, OEXIM pawg. Tom qab ntawd lawv tau thim rov qab. Nyob rau hauv qhov kawg, uas tshwm sim tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj 2009, muaj Lavxias teb sab Railways thiab Mikhailovsky GOK. Cov tom kawg yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm pawg Metalloinvest thiab yeej qhov kev sib tw. Tus yeej tau them 15 billion rubles rau daim ntawv tso cai. Ib lub chaw muag khoom ntawm Mikhailovsky GOK tau raug xaiv los ua tus neeg teb xov tooj rau Udokanskoye tso nyiaj. Lub tuam txhab no tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev ua tiav ntawm qhov project. Lub tuam txhab cov dej num muaj xws li tsim ib lub tswv yim txhim kho, muab cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis thiab qhov project, nyiam kev nqis peev, thiab kev tswj hwm kev txhim kho. Nws tau xav tias Russia Technologies State Corporation yuav ua haujlwm ua ke nrog nws. Daim ntawv cog lus tau kos npe nrog nws ntawm kev koom tes thiab kev tsim kho ntawm kev sib koom tes.

International theem

Ntau lub lag luam txawv teb chaws tau them nyiaj rau Udokan teb. Yog li, kev lag luam zoo ntawm lub pas dej tau lees paub los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Bateman Engineering NV. Lub tuam txhab no ua ib qho kev sib piv ntawm cov thev naus laus zis thiab kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis rau kev tsim cov mining thiab smelting cog project. Muaj kev sim ntawm ores twb pib lawmpas dej ua ke. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua ub no yog siv los tsim cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv rau kev npaj qhov kev kawm ua tau. Lub caij no, qhov nyiam version ntawm lub tswv yim twb tau tshaj tawm. Bateman Engineering NV cov kws tshaj lij tau tshaj tawm cov thev naus laus zis tshwj xeeb rau kev ua cov ore los ntawm Udokan tso nyiaj - autoclave leaching ntawm cov concentrate. Txoj kev no tsis tau siv yav dhau los hauv kev siv tshuab metallurgy. Thaum siv cov qauv no, qhov tsim ntawm lub cub tawg tau tshem tawm tag nrho thiab lub nra ntawm ib puag ncig tau txo qis.

Prospects

Yuav luag ib txhij nrog kev tshaj tawm ntawm Bateman Engineering NV, cov haujlwm tau pib pom zoo tseg raws li JORC ntiaj teb cov qauv. Qhov no yuav ua rau kom muaj peev xwm txaus nyiam ntawm lub pas dej. Lub Udokan deposit yog tsim los ntawm qhib qhov mining. Nws tau xav tias 36 lab tons ntawm ore yuav ua tiav txhua xyoo. Cov nroj tsuag, nyob rau hauv lem, yuav tsim ntau tshaj 470 kt ntawm cathode tooj liab, thaum recovering ntau tshaj 270 tons ntawm nyiaj raws txoj kev.

Ore cev

Lawv sawv cev los ntawm txoj kev lenticular thiab stratal deposits, complex nyob rau hauv lawv configuration. Feem ntau lawv yog stratified thiab teem ib echelon. Hauv qee thaj chaw, muaj ntau lub cev tseem ceeb nyob ntawm qhov deb ntawm 2-3 km raws li kev so. Qhov loj tshaj plaws thiab nplua nuj ntawm lawv yog nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Naminga brachysyncline. Lawv txawv nyob rau hauv ib tug general sab hnub poob poob poob. Nyob rau sab qab teb, muaj qhov txo qis hauv cov thickness ntawm ore lub cev.

qauv

Cov qauv sab hauv yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev sib hloov pauv thiab nquag hloov ntawm cov txheej txheem sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntxhia hauv kev tawm tsam thiab poob, thiab nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm thickness. Hauv qhov no, lawv tau nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm "txheej ncuav mog qab zib". Muaj kev ua txhaum ntau zaus ntawm kev sib khi ntawm lub cev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntawm cov flanks. Qhov no yog vim muaj cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg. Qhov no yog qhia nyob rau hauv ib tug kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub ore-kev coj tus yam ntxwv ntawm 1 mus rau 0.2. Qhov nruab nrab yog 0.6-0.8. Lub thicknesses ntawm barren thiab weakly ore txheej sib txawv los ntawm ib feem ntawm ib 'meter' mus rau 5 m. Nws tau raug tsim los hais tias cov richest ore interlayers thiab lo ntsiab muag yog txuam nrog erosion nto, kom meej meej qhia nyob rau hauv channel zoo li kev nyuaj siab thiab kev nyuaj siab hauv zos. Thaum faib cov khoom zoo nkauj rau hauv quartzite zoo li sandstones, cov qauv pom tseeb tsis tau tshwm sim. Lub contours ntawm industrial mineralization yog txiav txim raws li cov ntaub ntawv sampling.

khoom tseem ceeb

Nws yuav yog tooj liab cathode (qib A raws li kev faib tawm ntawm London Hlau Txauv) thiab Doré nyiaj tuav. Cov neeg siv khoom tseem ceeb yog Tuam Tshoj thiab cov lag luam hauv tsev. Lavxias teb sab tooj liab refineries twb muaj ib tug tsis txaus ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov tsis txaus ntawm kev mloog zoo kuj ua rau qeeb ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Suav lag luam uas tsim cov tooj liab refined. Vim qhov luv luv ntawm Chita, lub phiab cov khoom yog ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev muab cov ntaub ntawv raw rau lawv. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej, qhov kev thov rau concentrate yog kwv yees nce. Qhov no yog vim li casnce hauv electrolysis ntau lawm hauv Nyiv, Russia thiab Tuam Tshoj.

Zaj lus

Cov tub ceev xwm ntawm Transbaikalia muaj kev cia siab siab rau Udokan txoj haujlwm txhim kho kev tso nyiaj. Kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov ntawm kev lag luam yuav tso cai rau nyiam 4 txhiab tus neeg ua haujlwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tsim kho vaj tse yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo dua qub, qhov ntim ntawm cov nyiaj them se rau cov peev nyiaj hauv cheeb tsam yuav nce ntxiv, cov kev pabcuam kev sib raug zoo tau raug coj los siv los tsim cov haiv neeg me thiab cov khoom siv hauv zos. Raws li ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kws txawj, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom ncua txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub teb, raws li qhov no tej zaum yuav adversely cuam tshuam lub economic kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub teb chaws. Tam sim no, qhov kev thov rau cov khoom siv raw yog them los ntawm Ural thiab Taimyr basins. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv cov reserves yog nyob rau verge ntawm depletion. Lub Udokan tso nyiaj yuav muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev lag luam rau tsawg kawg ib nrab xyoo pua. Txwv tsis pub, muaj kev hem thawj ntawm kev txo qis hauv kev tsim khoom. Qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, yuav ua rau ib tug deterioration nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo-kev khwv nyiaj txiag qhov teeb meem ntawm lub teb chaws cov tooj liab-processing cheeb tsam.